Hasil untuk "Gas industry"

J. Rissman, C. Bataille, E. Masanet et al.

Abstract Fully decarbonizing global industry is essential to achieving climate stabilization, and reaching net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050–2070 is necessary to limit global warming to 2 °C. This paper assembles and evaluates technical and policy interventions, both on the supply side and on the demand side. It identifies measures that, employed together, can achieve net zero industrial emissions in the required timeframe. Key supply-side technologies include energy efficiency (especially at the system level), carbon capture, electrification, and zero-carbon hydrogen as a heat source and chemical feedstock. There are also promising technologies specific to each of the three top-emitting industries: cement, iron & steel, and chemicals & plastics. These include cement admixtures and alternative chemistries, several technological routes for zero-carbon steelmaking, and novel chemical catalysts and separation technologies. Crucial demand-side approaches include material-efficient design, reductions in material waste, substituting low-carbon for high-carbon materials, and circular economy interventions (such as improving product longevity, reusability, ease of refurbishment, and recyclability). Strategic, well-designed policy can accelerate innovation and provide incentives for technology deployment. High-value policies include carbon pricing with border adjustments or other price signals; robust government support for research, development, and deployment; and energy efficiency or emissions standards. These core policies should be supported by labeling and government procurement of low-carbon products, data collection and disclosure requirements, and recycling incentives. In implementing these policies, care must be taken to ensure a just transition for displaced workers and affected communities. Similarly, decarbonization must complement the human and economic development of low- and middle-income countries.

Jianrong Li, Ryan J. Kuppler, Hongcai Zhou

Selma Atilhan, Sunhwa Park, M. El‐Halwagi et al.

There is growing pressure to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from maritime transportation. One of the most effective strategies for reducing GHG emissions is to switch from conventional fuels such as heavy fuel oil to alternative fuels. Green hydrogen is a promising alternative for the shipping industry. Nonetheless, its potential usage will depend on more than its environmental friendliness. Economic, technical, and safety factors must be assessed. This paper provides a critical assessment of the potential usage of green hydrogen in the shipping industry with an evaluation of production routes, techno-economic performance, storage, and safety. Benchmarking is also carried out compared to existing ‘grey’ and ‘blue’ production routes specific to shipping industry applications. Important metrics for liquid hydrogen are analyzed to evaluate production cost and GHG emissions for various routes. Furthermore, a comparison is made for the safety and health issues of hydrogen compared to conventional and emerging maritime shipping fuels.

Liu Wenguo, H. Zuo, Jing-song Wang et al.

Abstract Due to the increasingly serious environmental issues and continuous depletion of fossil resources, the steel industry is facing unprecedented pressure to reduce CO2 emissions and achieve the sustainable energy development. Hydrogen is considered as the most promising clean energy in the 21st century due to the diverse sources, high calorific value, good thermal conductivity and high reaction rate, making hydrogen have great potential to apply in the steel industry. In this review, different hydrogen production technologies which have potential to provide hydrogen or hydrogen-rich gas for the great demand of steel plants are described. The applications of hydrogen in the blast furnace (BF) production process, direct reduction iron (DRI) process and smelting reduction iron process are summarized. Furthermore, the functions of hydrogen or hydrogen-rich gas as fuels are also discussed. In addition, some suggestions and outlooks are provided for future development of steel industry in China.

J. Stolaroff, C. Samaras, Emma R. O’Neill et al.

The use of automated, unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) to deliver commercial packages is poised to become a new industry, significantly shifting energy use in the freight sector. Here we find the current practical range of multi-copters to be about 4 km with current battery technology, requiring a new network of urban warehouses or waystations as support. We show that, although drones consume less energy per package-km than delivery trucks, the additional warehouse energy required and the longer distances traveled by drones per package greatly increase the life-cycle impacts. Still, in most cases examined, the impacts of package delivery by small drone are lower than ground-based delivery. Results suggest that, if carefully deployed, drone-based delivery could reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy use in the freight sector. To realize the environmental benefits of drone delivery, regulators and firms should focus on minimizing extra warehousing and limiting the size of drones. The use of drones to deliver commercial packages is poised to become a new industry. Here the authors show that replacing truck delivery by drones can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy use when the drone size and additional warehousing requirements are limited.

Yiqian Liu, Hao Lu, Yudong Li et al.

Offshore oil and gas production is increasingly growing popular globally. Produced water (PW), which is the largest byproduct of oil and gas production, is a complex mixture of dissolved and undissolved organic and inorganic substances. PW contributes considerably to oil pollution in the offshore petroleum and gas industry owing to the organic substances, which mainly include hydrocarbons; this is a major concern to researchers because of the long-term adverse effects on the ecosystem. Since the development of offshore petroleum and gas industry, the PW treatment process has been classified into pretreatment, standard-reaching treatment, and advanced purification treatment based on the characteristics of PW and has been coupled with the environmental, economic, and regulatory considerations. The mechanism, design principle, application, and development of conventional technologies for PW treatment, such as gravity and enhanced gravity sedimentation, hydrocyclone, gas flotation, and medium filtration, are summarized in this study. Novel methods for further application, such as tubular separation, combined fibers coalescence, and membrane separation, are also discussed. Enhancement of treatment with multiple physical fields and environmentally friendly chemical agents, coupled with information control technology, would be the preferred PW treatment approach in the future. Moreover, the PW treatment system should be green, efficient, secure, and intelligent to satisfy the large-scale, unmanned, and abyssal exploration of offshore oil and gas production in the future.

Haiqing Chang, Tong Li, Baicang Liu et al.

Abstract Recovery of natural gas and oil from unconventional (shale) reservoirs relies on horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing to make it economical. Hydraulic fracturing generates vast quantities of flowback and produced water (FPW) and its composition exhibits huge spatial and temporal variations among shale plays. This review focuses on the characteristics and management of wastewaters originating for oil and gas extraction. Wastewater characteristics, including the quantity and chemical composition of the FPW, are discussed. The future of unconventional oil and gas industry hinges on effective management of FPW. Membrane technologies have the potential to offer solutions to sustainable reuse of this water resource. The performance of a range of membrane processes is evaluated and compared. Emerging membrane-based technologies employed in similar fields are also discussed. The results in peer-reviewed publications could offer a guide for the selection of appropriate technologies based on the desired application. Membrane fouling, lack of pilot- and full-scale experience and high energy consumption are primary challenges for membrane applications in FPW. Then challenges and future research needs are addressed, advances in membrane materials, systematic analyses of organics and electric generation from salinity gradient are promising approaches to address the issues.

D. Koroteev, Z. Tekic

Abstract We analyze how artificial intelligence changes a significant part of the energy sector, the oil and gas industry. We focus on the upstream segment as the most capital-intensive part of oil and gas and the segment of enormous uncertainties to tackle. Basing on the analysis of AI application possibilities and the review of existing applications, we outline the most recent trends in developing AI-based tools and identify their effects on accelerating and de-risking processes in the industry. We investigate AI approaches and algorithms, as well as the role and availability of data in the segment. Further, we discuss the main non-technical challenges that prevent the intensive application of artificial intelligence in the oil and gas industry, related to data, people, and new forms of collaboration. We also outline three possible scenarios of how artificial intelligence will develop in the oil and gas industry and how it may change it in the future (in 5, 10, and 20 years).

Zhongshi Zhu, Danni Li, Naseer Ahmad et al.

To explore variations in the volatile components of milk originating from various species and to explain the material basis of their odor differences, electronic nose analysis coupled with headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-GC–MS) was employed to analyze the characteristics of human, sheep, goat, and cow milk. It was found that human milk exhibited larger response values to the broadrange and sulfur-chlor sensors, while sheep milk exhibited a large response value to the broad-methane sensor. The concentrations of dodecanoic acid, n-decanoic acid, and octanoic acid were significantly higher in human milk than in the sheep, cow, and goat milk. Moreover, it was deduced that a range of the detected volatile organic compounds were involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. These results allow identification of the different odor components related to human milk and other ruminant milk, providing a scientific basis for development of the dairy industry.

J. Hunt, Andreas Nascimento, Nazem Nascimento et al.

Before the COVID pandemic, oil and gas companies invested only a small fraction of their capital on sustainable energy technologies. With the substantial improvement in the performance of batteries and their rapid cost reduction, the oil and gas industry could potentially lose a large share of their market in the transport sector. A similar shift in energy sources is happening with the surge in renewable energy sources to supply electricity, heating and cooling. In an ever more sustainable future, the need for an oil and gas industry could reduce significantly. This paper reviews the possible paths that an oil and gas company could follow to become a sustainable development corporation and continue to be relevant in the future. This paper aims to describe alternative sustainable pathways such as the extraction of natural hydrogen, a hydrogen economy, offshore wind power, deep sea mining, biorefineries, seawater air-conditioning, geothermal and geoengineering. This paper also proposes the use of electrolysis ships for the flexible production of green hydrogen and showed that its investment cost can be three times smaller than in fixed electrolysis plants. The oil and gas industry has substantial intellectual, financial capital and geopolitical influence that would not be lost during a shift to a more sustainable world. Indeed, these assets should be used to facilitate the transition to a more sustainable future.

Afila Ajithkumar Sophiya, Sepehr Maleki, Giuseppe Bruni et al.

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a promising computational framework for solving differential equations by integrating deep learning with physical constraints. However, their application in gas turbines is still in its early stages, requiring further refinement and standardization for wider adoption. This survey provides a comprehensive review of PINNs in Industrial Gas Turbines (IGTs) research, highlighting their contributions to the analysis of aerodynamic and aeromechanical phenomena, as well as their applications in flow field reconstruction, fatigue evaluation, and flutter prediction, and reviews recent advancements in accuracy, computational efficiency, and hybrid modelling strategies. In addition, it explores key research efforts, implementation challenges, and future directions aimed at improving the robustness and scalability of PINNs.

Abdulrahman S. Alharthi, Hani H. Al-Baadani, Walid Soufan et al.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional value and profiles of bioactive compounds as well as the in vitro digestibility of various palm by-products for potential use as animal feed ingredients. The nutrient composition, mineral content and bioactive compounds were determined in triplicate. In vitro digestibility and fermentation characteristics were evaluated for six samples of fronds or palm by-products and diets with different frond content. The results showed significant differences in the nutrient and mineral composition of the by-products. Rachis and fronds had higher fibre and minerals content, while date extract and dates without pits had higher carbohydrates content. Bioactive compounds, including amphetamine, caffeine and theophylline, were most abundant in fronds and by-product mixture. The digestibility of fronds and diet with 8% fronds (group B) were higher (p < .05). In addition, the concentration of propionic acid, butyric acid and total volatile fatty acids were higher in fronds and group B (p < .05). Methane (CH4) production and total gas production (TGP) were lower in frond-containing diets and TGP in the palm by-products mixture. These findings suggest that palm by-products have the potential to be valuable resources for the animal feed industry. However, further studies are needed to optimise their utilisation, ensure animal safety and determine the most suitable applications for the different by-products based on their specific composition.

Bagus Wijaya, Yasin Mohamad, Arifin Matoka et al.

The Anggrek coal-steam power plant (PLTU) in gorontalo is anpower generation facility that utilizes coal as its primary energy source. In recent years, the energy industry has undergone significant changes, driven by the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase the utilization of renewable energy souces. Dried white leadtree wood, exposed to sunlight for 18 hours, has a moisture content of 40% and a high calorific value of 4,197 kcal/kg, making it suitable for blending with coal. This power plant applies co-firing, which involves blending 1-5% white leadtree woodwith 1,000 tons of coal daily. This study aims to analyze the electricity generated. Additionally, this study evaluates the needs and procurement of both coal and white leadtree, alongside the sales of electricity in kWh. The methodology involvescollecting monthly data on fuel consumption and cost estimates per kWh generated. The results indicatevthat coal accounts for 95% of the total fuel consumption, while white leadtree contributes only 5%. The estimated cost of purchasing coal for co-firing with white leadstree is IDR 520 per kg, whereas the selling price of electricity is IDR 2.500 per kWh.

Marirajan Murugan , M. N. Prabadevi

Purpose: The paper deals with plant engineering services based on global engineering standards and it aim to meet the project budget and timeline by minimizing unproductive hours, obtaining design inputs for the design and procurement, compromising quality and sharing resources. This research paper aims to explore the business sustainability of engineering service companies in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Design and methodology: In order to gather information for this research, researchers have gathered data from twenty-three (23) engineering services companies that have received approval to provide engineering services to oil and gas operating companies across the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Researchers have then used XLSTAT version 2024.2.2 to analyze the data. Findings: Researchers found a strong correlation between an entrepreneur's emotional intelligence, leadership abilities, governance, and management strategy and the business sustainability of their organization. Research, Practical & Social Implications: According to researchers, the primary aspect contributing to the sustainability of the engineering services industry, is resource use. Building solid business relationships requires emotional intelligence on the part of entrepreneurs, and the sustainability of the company is largely dependent on how these relationships are managed. In order to improve their management strategy-based business sustainability, entrepreneurs require high emotional intelligence and strong leadership abilities. Main limitation of this study is, the study focuses only in GCC countries. Originality/Value: To the best of the author's knowledge, this study, which focuses on emotional intelligence, leadership abilities, governance, and management strategy, may be the first to look into the business sustainability of engineering service companies.

Tamaradieyefagha Edonomokumor, Richard Arhinful, Leviticus Mensah et al.

Abstract The study used the job characteristics model to investigate the mediating role of creative behavior in the relationship between transformational leadership and turnover intentions within the Nigerian oil and gas industry. Nigeria was chosen as the study’s country due to its status as a central hub for the oil and gas industry in West Africa. The industry faces high employee turnover rates, which result in higher recruitment expenses, loss of institutional knowledge, and disruptions in workflow. The study selected 17 oil and gas companies operating in Lagos State using cluster sampling. Within these clusters, data were collected from 356 employees through convenience sampling by administering print-based questionnaires. Covariance-based structure equation modeling (CB-SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were the methods used to analyze the data with the help of AMOS software. The study discovered that transformational leadership had a positive and significant influence on turnover intention and creative behavior. Creative behavior was discovered to have a positive and significant impact on turnover intention. The study found that creative behavior partially mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and turnover intention. Oil and gas companies should adopt transformational leadership practices to reduce employee turnover and foster a culture that encourages creativity, innovation, and sustained organizational performance.

Xiang'an Lu, Shanshan Chen, Zhen Dong et al.

Coal underground gasification (UCG) transforms the physical extraction of coal into the chemical extraction of gas, which is effective for exploiting deep coal deposits. Numerical simulation technology for UCG is a crucial tool for studying the complex processes involved in coal gasification. This study was conducted to determine the direction in which UCG numerical simulation is developing, specifically by reviewing the research progress and achievements made in this area and identifying the existing problems and future research directions. The findings indicate the following: (1) Research has focused on the reaction issues of coal underground gasification, considering mass and heat transfer effects and gasification cavity expansion. Chemical equilibrium, gasification block, packed bed, and gasification channel models have been developed, which have certain advantages in solving gasification reaction problems influenced by cavity structure and reasonable simplifications capable of describing local issues. (2) The dynamic description of gasification cavity structures is a challenging problem that UCG numerical simulation needs to address. The cavity expansion mechanism includes thermochemical consumption, coal spalling, roof collapse, and debris accumulation. Thermochemical consumption causes the mechanical properties of coal and rock to change, leading to spalling under stress. (3) Process models emphasize dynamic simulations of the gasification process, including cavity evolution and gasification products. The reactor combination model, continuous medium equivalent model, and multimodule integration model are primarily used. (4) Future UCG numerical simulation technology development will prioritize modularity, systematization, and intelligence. There is an urgent need to facilitate the chemical reaction kinetics of large coal blocks, the coupling of discontinuous media, and the integration of multifunctional systems, including that of numerical simulation technology with artificial intelligence. With continuous improvements, numerical simulation technology will play a greater technical supporting role in UCG industrialization.

Anqi Chen, Jialong Chai, Xiaohan Ren et al.

Microporous metal materials have promising applications in the high-temperature industry for their high heat exchange efficiency. However, due to their complex internal structure, analyzing the heat transfer mechanisms presents a great challenge. This I confirm work introduces a mathematical model to accurately calculate the radiative thermal conductivity of microporous open-cell metal materials. The finite element and lattice Boltzmann methods were employed to calculate the thermal conduction and thermal radiation conductivities separately and validated for aluminum foams, with the relative errors all less than 9.3%. The results show that the thermal conductivity of microporous metal materials mainly increased with an increase in temperature and volume-specific surface area but decreased with an increase in porosity. Analysis of the spectral radiation characteristics shows that the surface plasmon polariton resonance and the magnetic polariton resonance appearing at the gas–solid interface of the metal foam significantly increase the dissipation effect of the gas–solid interface, further reducing the metal foam’s heat transfer efficiency. This indicates the potential of this work for use in the design of specific microporous metal materials like energy management devices or heat transfer exchangers in the aerospace industry.

O. Ashrafi, L. Yerushalmi, F. Haghighat

Eduardo Vyhmeister, Gabriel G. Castane

Industry is at the forefront of adopting new technologies, and the process followed by the adoption has a significant impact on the economy and society. In this work, we focus on analysing the current paradigm in which industry evolves, making it more sustainable and Trustworthy. In Industry 5.0, Artificial Intelligence (AI), among other technology enablers, is used to build services from a sustainable, human-centric and resilient perspective. It is crucial to understand those aspects that can bring AI to industry, respecting Trustworthy principles by collecting information to define how it is incorporated in the early stages, its impact, and the trends observed in the field. In addition, to understand the challenges and gaps in the transition from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0, a general perspective on the industry's readiness for new technologies is described. This provides practitioners with novel opportunities to be explored in pursuit of the adoption of Trustworthy AI in the sector.

Dafeng Zhu, Bo Yang, Yu Wu et al.

This paper presents a carbon-energy coupling management framework for an industrial park, where the carbon flow model accompanying multi-energy flows is adopted to track and suppress carbon emissions on the user side. To deal with the quadratic constraint of gas flows, a bound tightening algorithm for constraints relaxation is adopted. The synergies among the carbon capture, energy storage, power-to-gas further consume renewable energy and reduce carbon emissions. Aiming at carbon emissions disparities and supply-demand imbalances, this paper proposes a carbon trading ladder reward and punishment mechanism and an energy trading and scheduling method based on Lyapunov optimization and matching game to maximize the long-term benefits of each industrial cluster without knowing the prior information of random variables. Case studies show that our proposed trading method can reduce overall costs and carbon emissions while relieving energy pressure, which is important for Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG).