Hasil untuk "Folklore"

Yiannis Gabriel

Aidar G. Khairutdinov

The author of the review introduces the voluminous research work written by Adilkhan Adiloglu, a young Turkish scholar, and dedicated to the problem of women's rights and freedoms in the Tatar literature and periodicals of the Jadid era (mid-19th – early 20th centuries). The work’s value lies in the fact that, using rich factual material, the researcher presented the history of the emergence of the national-cultural revival among the Tatars and its outstanding participants. He managed to show the scale of participation of an educated Tatar Muslim woman in this process.

Bamidele Omolaye

Folktales constitute one of the oldest traditional forms of education based on the method of delivery through oral tradition. Among the Yorùbá, folktale is a viable medium for transmission of cultural values, belief, history and philosophy of the community to the younger generation. The fact that African societies’ customs, morals and way of life are ingrained and codified in folktales shows the veracity of the indigenous knowledge system (IKS) embedded therein. This has contributed immensely to appreciating the culture, as well as the African people’s social norms. This study examines the aesthetics and utilitarian essence of African folktales, using four purposively selected Yorùbá folktales as case study. The goal of the paper is to bring the aesthetics and usefulness of African folktales, thus the songs are documented in a staff notation for musical analysis. Data for the study were collected through oral interviews and review of related literature. The selected Yorùbá folktales were examined through a descriptive method. Findings show that the essence of African folktales, as noticed in this present day, is being jettisoned and will soon become extinct by the current realities brought about by globalisation. This has greatly affected the cultural values which African folktales retain, maintain and disseminate. Hence, the need for the revitalization and digitization of African folktales to preserve the indigenous knowledge system deep-rooted in the narratives for future generations. This study concludes that the importance of African folktales would be better understood if properly harnessed, translated and notated from the musicological viewpoint, as it will further popularise the old tradition of storytelling in this modern age.

Axel Mjærum, Ellen Kathrine Friis, Ragnar Orten Lie

A legend tells the dramatic and colourful story of the farmer Sveinung the Cruel and how he killed a dwarf (in Norwegian tusse/dverg) named Fegge in his smithy at the farm Heggtveit in Kviteseid, Norway. In the story the smithy is positioned below the hill Smiuberget (lit. Smithy Hill). During an excavation in 2020, a relatively well-preserved smithy from the 13th century was excavated at the place described in the legend. The discovery offered a unique opportunity to explore the complex and dynamic relationship between the rich record of Norwegian folklore, excavated “reality” and the history of place names. Because of this complexity, the authors argue that to seek the “real” roots of the legend is a difficult and maybe also a meaningless task. Rather, they argue that the history of Fegge`s death and other legends are valuable sources to immaterial aspects of the region’s Medieval and Renaissance metal crafting. 

Ayokunle Olubode Ademosun

Huge quantities of citrus wastes, especially peels are generated globally and they are an environmental menace in many parts of the world. However, citrus peels have been in use in folklore and oriental medicines for the management of degenerative conditions and this prompted researchers to investigate the medicinal properties of the peels. Various research efforts showed that citrus peels are rich in vitamins, fibers and bioactive compounds. The peels possess antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. The medicinal benefits of the peels also encouraged the addition of the peels to various diets. Currently, citrus peels have become a part of the diet in many regions and they are being incorporated into food products. Studies have also shown that incorporating citrus peels as powder or the essential oils into food products have improved the quality of the products without negatively affecting the sensory attributes when added at the right amount. Food companies are already enriching products with citrus peels and the peels still offer great promises for the development of functional food products for health and economic benefits. Over time, citrus peels can be said to have made an odyssey from the waste bin to the laboratory bench and now at the dining table.

Felicia Ohwovoriole

Literature and oral tradition share a symbiotic relationship. Toyin Faiola the author of A Mouth Sweeter than Salt has produced a highly engaging memoir. The text is set in Ibadan, Ode Aje and Ilorin. We find a rich and knowledgeable exploitation of oral forms which the author uses within the frame of the biographical genre. Through the use of proverbial narration, Fa­Iola presents a tale replete with magic, religion, divination, spirituality and various folklore elements. The oral forms Faiola has used in the text come from the oral character of everyday life, prose narratives, songs, proverbs and proverb-like expressions while exploring the themes of innocence, curiosity and growth. This stylistic feature of narration is common in African story telling sessions. In both the traditional and modern context, the African prov­erb fulfils its social and communicative function in various forms. Faiola pres­ents an inseparable relationship of mutual exchange between the oral and written traditions. However, our point of emphasis is to evaluate the context and usage of the proverbial narration with a restriction to proverbs which deal with animals. The qualities attributed to animals in the proverbs and sayings figuratively and metaphorically describe people's appearance, characteristics and deeds.

Ben Ó Ceallaigh

Déantar plé san alt seo ar pholasaí Gaeilge i bPoblacht na hÉireann sna deich mbliana a lean cliseadh eacnamaíochta 2008. Cé go ndearnadh athruithe móra ar pholasaithe teanga le linn na géarchéime seo — an ghéarchéim ba mhó i stair an stáit — is beag iarracht a rinneadh go dtí seo i litríocht sochtheangeolaíochta na Gaeilge le iad a phlé i gcomhthéacs an chúlaithe agus freagra an stáit air. Pléitear anseo cuid de na polasaithe nua a tháinig isteach sa tréimhse seo, go háirithe an Straitéis 20 Bliain don Ghaeilge 2010–2030 agus Acht na Gaeltachta 2012, agus déantar an argóint gur polasaithe nualiobrálacha iad seo, toradh ar fhreagra nualiobrálach an stáit ar an gcúlú eacnamaíochta. Is idé-eolaíocht é an nualiobrálachas a mhaíonn nár chóir don stát idirghabháil a dhéanamh sa mhargadh ach amháin le tacú le lucht caipitil. Cé gur tháinig an nualiobrálachas chun tosaigh go hidirnáisiúnta ó na 1970idí i leith, is le fás an Tíogair Cheiltigh a tháinig borradh faoi in Éirinn. Cuireadh fuadar ní ba mhó faoi nualiobrálú polasaí poiblí tar éis 2008, nuair a bhí tionchar suntasach ar pholasaí stáit ag an Special Group on Public Service Numbers and Expenditure Programmes (‘an Bord Snip Nua’) agus an ‘Troika’, a bhí i bhfeighil ar bhainistiú an gheilleagair ó 2010–2013. Léirítear san alt seo gur ionann cur chuige leamh an stáit i leith an Straitéis 20 Bliain agus Acht na Gaeltachta 2012 agus tarraingt siar mór ón ról a bhíodh ag an stát i gcur chun cinn na Gaeilge. Maítear gur léiriú é polasaí Gaeilge an stáit sa tréimhse seo ar an neamhréiteach bunúsach atá idir an nualiobrálachas agus an t‑athneartú teanga. Chomh maith le polasaithe oifigiúla, úsáidtear na ciorruithe ollmhóra a cuireadh i bhfeidhm ar earnáil na Gaeilge mar léiriú ar pholasaí ‘folaithe’ agus déantar plé ar an ngné thábhachtach seo de pholasaí teanga, gné nach bhfuil mórán airde tugtha uirthi sa litríocht in Éirinn go dtí seo.

V. V. Salykova

Article reviews the Kalmyk oral stories about Buddhist deities and Kalmyk monks. Studying of the features of folk texts (epic “Jangar” and religious songs) shows that the Kalmyk folklore is unusually rich in its content. Considered religious oral stories reveal the spiritual culture and Buddhist worldview of the Kalmyks.

Verónica Patricia Egas Villafuerte, Ana Gabriela Reinoso Espinosa, Ángel Paul Obregon Mayorga

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo descubrir la forma en que un grupo de estudiantes indígenas percibe el sistema educativo occidental de la clase de inglés. Esta microetnografía de corte Emic se realizó con una muestra de 30 participantes, que son estudiantes de distintos niveles de inglés de una universidad pública ubicada en la Sierra de Ecuador. Esta muestra se dividió en dos grupos. Se realizaron entrevistas fenomenológicas con el primer grupo, a su vez, sus datos se compararon con los del Cuestionario del segundo grupo. Los resultados obtenidos revelan que la falta de una verdadera justicia cognitiva en la clase de inglés hace que los estudiantes indígenas se sientan como productores de folklore y no como ciudadanos ecuatorianos que pueden enseñar diferentes realidades que contribuyen a la construcción de una sociedad inclusiva. En general, este grupo objetivo amablemente exige en las clases de inglés no solo el desarrollo de su identidad nacional sino también de su identidad étnica.

Marko Lukić

NOTE: Due to a possible editorial conflict of interest the author did not participate in the editing/publishing process of this issue of the journal.When considering the complexity and intricacy of Japanese history, as well as the endless innovation and colorfulness which defined, over the centuries, the development of martial arts in Japan, a potential reader might be a bit skeptical about the ability to pick up just one book and find a clear, well-structured, and informative overview of a large portion of Japanese history. However, Alexander Bennett in his book titled Japan: The Ultimate Samurai Guide manages to do just that. Starting with a somewhat obvious and unavoidable chapter on the actual and metaphoric meaning/value of the samurai, Bennett initiates a narrative journey that, through its approximately 150 pages, never falters in conveying the main issues and pinpointing various crucial historical turning points. By opening with a self-explanatory title to the first chapter – “Who were the Samurai?” – Bennett colloquially dives into the historical intricacies of the Japanese bushi (samurai), initially defined by their elite warrior status, only to become the ruling class of Japan in the period from the 12th to the 19th century. While relying on various illustrations, directly or indirectly related to the subject at hand (a narrative dynamic present through the entire text), the author manages not only to provide a succinct overview of some of the major samurai-era figures and occurrences, but he also enriches the discourse with numerous historical trivia facts, successfully avoiding in such a way the dangers of an overly static historical recount. Perhaps the most interesting segment within this samurai/male-based narrative is the one focusing on the outcasts – women warriors, the ronins (samurais without a “master”), and the popularized and (unnecessarily) mystified ninjas. It is within this segment that the author’s academic and real-life experience comes to life and becomes articulated through a series of verbal sketches which properly contextualize the various mythical and cultural approaches to Japanese history. This analytic tone continues in the following two chapters as well. The strongly titled chapters “Core Concepts of Bushido” and “Killing as an Art Form” necessitate a lighter narrative tone not only due to the attempt to simplify complex philosophical and existential paradigms, but also to more successfully expose the intricate cultural undertones which characterize Japanese martial traditions. Ranging from the highly-ritualized seppuku (ritual suicide) to politics, literature and, finally, to martial arts schools and the aesthetic of death, Bennett touches upon a number of critical moments and concepts, and by doing so, he traces an evolutionary path of the samurai thought all the way up to its modern incarnations. The fourth chapter, “Martial Arts in Japan Today,” summarizes the previously described traditions, folklore, and philosophies into Budo – the martial ways of Japan. Developed around the idea of self-cultivation through discipline and dedicated training, Budo becomes, through the narrative of the author, not only a path to self-perfection but also an educational tool, as well as an active narrative, developed and modernized with the aim of internationally promoting Japan. Although this chapter could mark a logical conclusion to the narrative arc of the book, Bennett opts for two additional chapters titled “Life in a Japanese Dojo” and “Surviving Japan.” It is with these two chapters that the title of the book itself becomes much clearer. Instead of a potentially structurally rigid (although humorous) history lesson, the author reaches for years of his own personal experience in living, training, and working in Japan. The result is a fascinating, although unfortunately brief rundown of rules, traditions, and customs to which a non-Japanese ind

Michael Cronin

Kirill Chekalov

La saga du commandant Pronine, plutôt contre-espion que détective, eut un grand succès en URSS mais vers la fin de la période soviétique tomba dans l’oubli ; par contre le personnage lui-même devint une figure importante du folklore comique. Cette œuvre de Lev Ovalov, qui prétend renouveler les structures traditionnelles du roman policier occidental à la base de la vision communiste du monde, est beaucoup plus liée à la tradition (et plus spécialement à Conan Doyle) qu’on ne le pense d’habitude. Nous analysons aussi les continuations et les pastiches de la saga écrits dans les années 2000, où à côté d’une ironie dans le goût postmoderne et la critique (modérée) du goulag on rencontre parfois des tendances idéologiques pro-staliniennes. Le livre est ainsi transféré dans un nouveau contexte socioculturel, avec ses fluctuations entre la dénégation du modèle soviétique et son revival nostalgique.

Josildete Pereira de Oliveira, Letícia Indart Franzen, Bruna Górski Varella

O presente estudo centraliza suas discussões na acessibilidade aos espaços públicos de uso turístico das cidades para pessoas com mobilidade reduzida e com deficiência. O artigo tem como objetivo principal analisar a acessibilidade após a requalificação urbana da área central da cidade de Balneário Camboriú/SC (importante destino turístico do litoral brasileiro), considerando as adaptações necessárias estabelecidas nas leis e nas normativas para pessoas com mobilidade reduzida e com deficiência. Para tanto, busca-se relacionar os conceitos de espaço turístico urbano e acessibilidade, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, formando assim um referencial teórico-conceitual. Além disso, foi realizada uma análise qualitativa de caráter exploratória e descritiva, buscando mapear a acessibilidade do espaço turístico e dos equipamentos dessa área da cidade, ressaltando as áreas que passaram pela requalificação urbana recente. Em seguida, foram realizadas a sistematização e a análise dos dados coletados, correlacionando-os com o referencial teórico-conceitual. Os resultados indicam que a qualidade do espaço turístico urbano da cidade, no que se refere à acessibilidade, ainda não se apresenta de forma completa e contínua, não garantindo autonomia e independência à pessoa com mobilidade reduzida e com deficiência. Concluiu-se, dessa forma, que as requalificações urbanas recentes não foram executadas na totalidade como recomenda a NBR9050, para promover rotas acessíveis e inclusão ao espaço urbano.

Luleva Ana

Since the mid-1950s the Ancient city of Nessebar has had the status of national cultural heritage; in 1983 it was inscribed in the World heritage list of UNESCO. The article makes an attempt to study the regimes of using of and living in the city - world cultural heritage in two different political and economic contexts. The pressure of the tourism industry on the value, which was visible even in the years of the late state socialism, became irresistible after 1989 in the context of the liberalised market economy, the interests of the private investors and the accepted as part of the "normal" market order corrupt practices of the institutions that are responsible for the safeguarding and management of the cultural heritage. The ethnographic study argues that intertwined in a Gordian knot around the central question for the residents of the ancient city of Nessebar, viz. the occupation of the city, which has been declared a world heritage site, are issues like trust and distrust in the institutions, the experience of abiding by formal and informal rules for operation with private property, the notions of social justice, local identity, the use of the cultural heritage as symbolic capital by different social actors and its transformation into economic one, with the conflicting interconnection between tourist industry and cultural heritage.

Justyna Michniuk

Lusatia from the inside – a society through the eyes of Sorbian teachers, artists and politicians. A short survey based on research conducted in Bautzen and the surrounding area in November 2011 Lusatia is a region in the heart of Europe. The Sorbs – a West Slavic nation, people who have lived in Lusatia for more than 1000 years, is not one homogeneous nation, but is divided into Upper and Lower Sorbs, with two dissimilar languages, two religions and two mentalities. I decided to rediscover Lusatia and talk with the people who are Sorbs. A one month stay in Bautzen was possible thanks to financial and scientific support from the Sorbian Institute (Serbski institut / Sorbisches Institut). Examining the past and current situation of the people in Lower and Upper Lusatia, I focused on their language, history and culture. In my studies I did not want to show the external image of the Sorbs, I did not try to create it either. All I wanted was to find out from the Sorbs themselves from which ‘elements’ does their individual identity originate. I was also interested to discover if Sorbs, as the smallest Slavic nation without their own country, feel more connected to a Sorbian origin, or perhaps to German citizenship.

Yiannis Gabriel

S. Bedell, S. Bedell, B. Bush et al.

M. Gloria Ríos Guardiola

Vukadinović Maja, Marković Slobodan

In this study the aesthetic experience of dance performances is investigated. The study includes construction of an instrument for measuring the aesthetic experience of dance performances and an investigation of the structure of both dancers’ and spectators’ aesthetic experience. The experiments are carried out during eight different performances of various dance forms, including classical ballet, contemporary dance, flamenco and folklore. Three factors of aesthetic experience of dance performances are identified: Dynamism, Exceptionality and Affective Evaluation. The results show that dancers’ aesthetic experience has a somewhat different factorial structure from that of the spectators’. Unlike spectators’ aesthetic experience, dancers’ aesthetic experience singles out the Excitement factor. The results are discussed within the context of dancers’ proprioception and spectators’ exteroception since these findings confirm the idea of a significant role of proprioception in dancers’ aesthetic experience.

This article discusses the features of transformation of traditional folklore motives in the works of the contemporary writer Denis Osokin: Ladies of Poplar and Oatmeal.