Hasil untuk "Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology"

Georgy V. Chochiev

The article, based mainly on documents of British diplomatic correspondence, studies the approaches and moves of the Foreign Office in connection with the problem of the mass exodus of Circassians to the Ottoman Empire in 1863-1864. The main attention is paid to clarifying the facts, motives, nature and results of the relatively active formulation of proposals on this issue by British diplomats in Turkey and Russia during May-June 1864 and their attempts to put it on the international agenda. A conclusion is made about the dual character of the reaction of official London to the Circassian migration crisis and humanitarian catastrophe, conditioned by the general logic of the Anglo-Russian rivalry in the Ottoman East with its variability of the “hard” and “soft” lines. The reasons for the British Government’s ultimate refusal to both peddle the theme of St. Petersburg’s moral and financial responsibility for the “uncivilized” methods of expansion in the Caucasus and to finance Circassian colonization in Anatolia, as well as to limit itself to sending only moderate humanitarian aid to the refugees in the Ottoman Empire, are revealed. On the other hand, the examined correspondence fully confirms and supplements the data of other sources on the extreme inadequacy of the measures taken by the Russian and Ottoman authorities to organize, respectively, the dispatch and reception of Circassians and the high levels of mortality and human suffering caused by this. Overall, the work contributes to a better understanding of the role of the British factor in the processes of migration and settlement of North Caucasians within the Ottoman borders.

Alberto Baldi, Eugenio Zito

Magdalena Nowakowska

Blues to muzyka silniejsza niż niewola. Być może właśnie to sprawiło, że blues na swojej drodze do globalnej i transkulturalnej kariery nie tylko pokonał społeczne oraz rasowe bariery i zerwał łańcuchy narzucone jego oryginalnym twórcom, ale też z łatwością przeniknął nawet tak dobrze ufortyfikowane granice, jak żelazna kurtyna, zyskując gorących zwolenników w miejscach tak odległych geograficznie, jak Gruzja. Mimo iż blues cieszy się w Gruzji znaczną popularnością, to jego historia i rozwój jako lokalnego gatunku muzycznego pozostają jak dotąd zjawiskiem nieopisanym w literaturze fachowej, a materiały źródłowe są rozproszone i fragmentaryczne. W konsekwencji, podejmując próbę zgłębienia owych procesów, trzeba oprzeć się przede wszystkim na bezpośrednich relacjach osób oraz źródłach w postaci nagrań, okładek płyt, wywiadów i innych materiałów archiwalnych. W artykule wykorzystano informacje zebrane w toku wywiadów bezpośrednich przeprowadzonych w marcu 2023 roku z krytykami muzycznymi: Koką Tskitiszwilim i Laszą Gabunią oraz z muzykami: Dawidem Manidżaszwilim, Paulem Rimplem i Tamazem Tkinwalelim.

Oleh Demenchuk

Semantic Derivation Strategies of Verbs of Smell Emission in the Polish and Ukrainian Languages The article focuses on the strategies of semantic derivation of verbs of smell emission – a semantic class of words that denote a situation of smell emission and its perception. The study reveals the features of verbs of smell emission and characterizes their semantic shifts in the Polish and Ukrainian languages. We posit that a linguistic item’s semantic paradigm development aligns with situation concept extensions, which are supposed to be determined by the changes participants undergo within source-to-target-situation shifts. The semantic shifts construed by Polish and Ukrainian verbs of smell emission suggest the regular direction of concept extensions – from an internal domain (a situation of smell emission and its perception) via an adjacent one (smell identification) towards an external (smell interpretation) domain.   Strategie derywacji semantycznej czasowników emisji zapachu w języku polskim i ukraińskim W artykule skupiono się na strategiach derywacji semantycznej czasowników emisji zapachu – słów oznaczających sytuację wydzielania zapachu i jego percepcji. W pracy ukazano cechy czasowników emisji zapachu oraz scharakteryzowano ich zmiany semantyczne w języku polskim i ukraińskim. Rozszerzenia pojęcia sytuacji emisji zapachu są zdeterminowane przez zmiany charakterystyk uczestników sytuacji. Przesunięcia semantyczne sugerują regularny kierunek rozszerzeń – od domeny wewnętrznej (sytuacja emisji zapachu i jego percepcji) przez dziedzinę przyległą (identyfikacja zapachu) w kierunku domeny zewnętrznej (interpretacja zapachu).

Dilyara M. Galiullina

The paper analyses the articles of the famous Tatar historian G. Gubaydullin published in his student years in the magazine “Maktap” (1913). The articles are devoted to the problems of teaching logic and history in Tatar madrasas at the beginning of the twentieth century. The introduction of new secular subjects into the learning process was especially relevant for the national school. Moreover, new teaching methods were developed in the absence of school textbooks in the Tatar language. Gubaydullin, as a future professional historian, understood full well the importance of humanitarian subjects, especially history and logic, in the formation of national identity of young people. In the article “Din madrasalarenda tarikh ukytu” (“Teaching history in religious madrassas”) he discusses the methodological recommendations for teachers and shakirds. The recommendations were important because Tatar educators had no experience in teaching history. Logic was studied in old-fashioned madrasas, but after the 1905 revolution the training programs were changed and there was a demand for a new textbook which would meet the requirements of the era. The historian writes about this issue in the article “Din madrasalarenda mantyk” (“Logic in religious madrassas”). At the beginning of the new century, the Tatar public had heated discussions about the concept of “nation”. G. Gubaydullin expressed his opinion about the preservation of the unity of the Turkic peoples in the article “Iske tel ham millat” (“Old language and nation”). He considered it necessary to introduce a new school subject – the Chagatay language for a better understanding of the ancient Turkic literature. The analysis of these articles gives an idea of the scholar’s views on national pedagogy.

Marek Miławicki OP

“I DO NOT KNOW THE MOTHERLAND LIKE POLAND, I BELIEVE IN ITS RESURRECTION AS IN GOD”: DOMINICAN PIOTR ZACHARIASZ KOROTKIEWICZ (1803-1873) AS ONE OF THE SPIRITUAL LEADERS OF THE PATRIOTIC AND NATIONAL MOVEMENT IN LVIV IN 1848  Piotr Zachariasz Korotkiewicz (1803-1873) was one of the Polish Dominicans who played an important role in the religious, social and political life in Galicia in the 19th century. This friar was especially known for his patriotic attitude and political commitment to Poles living in the Habsburg Empire. Both through participation in political institutions and through preaching sermons – he became one of the spiritual leaders of all those for whom the Polish cause during the Spring of Nations was important. He can certainly be classified as an intellectual elite, as through his words and deeds he influenced the moral and political attitude of the Galician society.

HSCE Historical Studies on Central Europe

Shao-ping Zhou

By comparing five aspects between China and the West—ideas, model of political participation, path of economic and social development, pattern of protection of language and culture rights, and construction of national cohesion and social (Minzu) solidarity, this paper reveals that the Chinese path of integration and development among all ethnic groups has the following characteristics: the ideas of equality, solidarity, mutual assistance and harmony among all ethnic groups; the integrative participation model of all ethnic groups under the unified leadership of the Communist Party of China; the integration on the economic and social development (common prosperity and development); equal protection of the language and culture rights of all ethnic groups; strong sense of national cohesion and social solidarity of fifty-six ethnic groups, based on the equal emphasis on the individual and collective rights as well as the close integration between political value and traditional cultural value. In general, China’s ethnic policies embody both specific rights and the level of community with a common future. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, relations between ethnic groups are harmonious and positive, and development of all ethnic groups tends to achieve a real equality. In Western countries, ethnic (or racial) relations remain relatively stable with fluctuations from time to time, and the development gap between ethnic groups has a trend of further expansion. Different ideas, systems and cultural concepts lead to different ethnic relationships and current situations of development between China and the West.

V. Myglan, G. Omurova, V. Barinov et al.

Archaeological studies in the forest-tundra zone of Western Siberia are highly relevant to studying the material culture, social structure, and ethnic history. The presence of permafrost ensures the unique preservation of organics in cultural layers, including timber, which makes it possible to conduct dendrochronological studies (calendar dating of samples, determination of species composition, typological analysis, and the source of the timber origin). In 2011–2012, during the excavations at Fort Nadym, 347 samples of wood were selected for the assessment of the age of wooden structures. The results showed that most samples belonged to three species of trees: Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.), Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.), and Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour). The typological analysis revealed that walls were mostly built from spruce, pine logs, and half-logs, whereas the floors were made from larch and pine. To assess the origin of wood, a new methodological approach was proposed. As a result, it was demonstrated that the main building material was driftwood. This has allowed us to make more accurate interpretations and to specify the years of construction. The analysis indicates three periods of construction / reconstruction: the 1450s–1460s, 1470s–1480s, and 1520s–1570s. The new approach can be applied to other wooden monuments located on the banks of major water arteries of the Siberian forest-tundra zone.

Gordana Gorunović

This paper looks at the (auto)biography and literary work of an Australian writer of Serbian descent, B. Wongar/Sreten Božić, viewed from the perspective of ethnology and anthropology. His work is well known to local scholars of literary and cultural studies: for them, Wongar's complex and polysemous oeuvre has long since become a vibrant topic of interpretation and dialogue. An attempt is made here to show how and why this prolific, award-winning and world-renowned author has become a controversial phenomenon in Australian literature. Such a concise retrospective is needed so that readers outside the humanities can gain at least partial insight. The main aim is to highlight those topics in Wongar's fiction and documentary writing that are important from the standpoint of sociocultural anthropology and anthropology of literature: the characteristics of the migrant position and experiences of the dissident writer as a social actor, and the ethnographic-folkloric motivation of the writer's oeuvre.

F. Henselowsky

Natalino Perovano Filho

Expediente da Revista

Annalisa Di Nuzzo

The present reflection is devoted to the relationship between ethnography and literature, in particular to the images of Naples in the words of writers, philosophers and anthropologists. The relationships and boundaries between these fields of interest have sometimes been difficult to draw, but in recent years the fruitful and mutual need for comparison has been recognized by the different - despite contiguous - horizons of each of these disciplines. The theme is: how is it possible to recognize and identify Naples, how can this city be defined, described, told and experienced by those who breathe its perennial and fascinating contradictions, both those who are overwhelmed and involved as external observers, or even foreigners? In terms of cultural anthropology, we are dealing with the relationship between emic and etic and the possibility of defining, through writing, useful materials to interpret the complexity of cultures in post-modernity.

T. Showren

Dossier Dematerialise

Numéro dans le SI local : Référence GESUP : 0524 Corps : Maître de conférences Article : 26-I-1 Chaire : Non Section 1 : 20-Anthropologie biologique, ethnologie, préhistoire Section 2 : Section 3 : Profil : anthropologie des techniques Job profile : The position of associate professor specialized in social and cultural anthropology will be affiliated with the LISST-Cas (UMR 5193). The person recruited should assume both administrative responsibilities and teaching in anthropology Research fields EURAXESS : Anthropology Cultural anthropology Anthropology Social anthropology Anthropology Ethnology Implantation du poste : 0311383K UNIVERSITE TOULOUSE 2 Localisation : TOULOUSE Code postal de la localisation : 31000 Etat du poste : Vacant Adresse d'envoi du dossier : DOSSIER DEMATERIALISE Verifier votre adresse mail

B. Steger

Abstract Oka Masao (1898–1982) was a leading figure in the establishment of Japanese ethnology (cultural anthropology) since the 1930s and taught many of the next generation of ethnologists from Japan. He travelled to Vienna in 1929 to learn the methodology for studying the ethnogenesis of his own country, putting forward theories that questioned tennō-ideology of the time and became highly influential. During the war, he pushed for the establishment of an Ethnic Research Institute (Minken) to support the government in their ethnic policy in the occupied territories. Oka was also the founder of Japanese Studies at the University of Vienna in 1938. Despite these important—and at time controversial—roles, he is relatively unknown today. This article introduces recent scholarship on Oka’s life and legacy. It raises important questions about the role of ethnologists in politically sensitive times and counter-balances the Anglo-American narrative of the history of ethnology or social and cultural anthropology of Japan.

Auksuolė Čepaitienė

The article analyses cultural meanings of images of Lithuanianness, as represented in the publications of the first illegal Lithuanian newspaper Aušra (published 1883 to 1886), and their relation to scientific contexts. The past and language and daba (culture) are considered as thematic fields and sources of images that participate in creating the Lithuanians’ story of ‘themselves’. Their instrumental capacities are different, although the 19thcentury proto-disciplinary integrity of linguistics, history, ethnology and anthropology justifies their implicit interconnectedness. The article also suggests that images of forest and hill-fort encompass the idea of social and cultural evolution, and the understanding of culture as being dynamic. Key words: image of Lithuanianness, symbolic structure, scientific knowledge, theory of evolution, the Lithuanians’ story of themselves.

Cristian Bocancea

In philosophy, theology or modern social sciences, we can always identify an anthropological axiom, that refers to the genesis, the evolution of the human species as well as the ”human nature”. Starting with the modern period, this type of thinking found itself organized as part of some positive sciences, that can be seen as an actual ”system of anthropological sciences”, put together by British, American, French and German scientists. The English have developed what we call ”social anthropology”. In the United States, several academic disciplines have thrived as part of the ”general anthropology”: archeology, physical anthropology, linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology and applied anthropology. The French are mostly known for their work in the field of ethnography and ethnology. As for the Germans, they focused on studying popular culture (Volkskunde).

Tayeb Otmane, Abed Bendjelid

The family farm of the Western oases in the Algerian Sahara evolves in a context of difficulties related on the decline of the water resources resulting from foggaras, on the weak profit drawn from agriculture and the diversification of the remunerative nonagricultural activities. To these factors are added the effects of an atomization of the agricultural oasis property, due to the land joint possession in keeping with the increase in population. The oases tend to preserve their agricultural property, even if not worked, which also takes part in this process of unfavourable evolution which mortgages the future of family oasis agriculture.

Lenka J. Budilová