Periods of crisis and social cataclysms are accompanied by an exacerbation of social problems, which, in particular, are of an existential and psychoanalytic nature (the search for the meaning of life, overcoming despair, understanding of thanatological issues, the essence of the struggle between Eros and Thanatos, etc.) In this context, the problem of motherhood is also relevant, the secrets of which, in particular, are rooted in the archetypes of Mother, Great Mother, and ‘double mother’. In the situation of the Russian-Ukrainian war, the loss of a family in general or one of the parents in particular is particularly acute for a modern person. Given that, on the one hand, children are the future of the country, and on the other hand, the heroes and heroines are the children of Ukraine, the role of the Mother and her influence on the formation and development of the Child’s personality is now becoming more and more important to every person. In this regard, the research attention in this article is focused on the essence of the Mother archetype as one of the innate universal structures, which is the purpose of this article.Highlighting the key points of C.G.Jung’s teachings on the archetype and the mother complex will help to reveal the psychoanalytic foundations of family studies, which are important for the understanding of both recipients (individuals/families) and providers (social work professionals) of social services. It is important to note that C.G.Jung emphasised the lack of grasp of the studied archetype - from specific examples to generalisations, from direct understanding to figurative meaning. The scientist, recognising the universality of the folk psychological image of the mother, at the same time focused on the importance of the figure of his own mother for each individual. The analysis of C. G. Jung’s views on the essence of the Mother archetype and the mother complex derived from it, which has different effects on the son and daughter, allows us to conclude that it has an ambivalent nature, which includes both positive and negative aspects. Taking into account the entire range of these diametrically opposed aspects by both recipients (individuals/families, children/parents) and providers of social services (social work professionals) will contribute to progress in the development of family and maternity institutions in the changing realities of today.
Сергій Володимирович САВЧЕНКО, Олександр Олександрович МИХАЙЛЮК
This article examines the impact of Edward Said’s concept of Orientalism on the contemporary geopolitical landscape. The authors argue that while the critique of Orientalism has significantly influenced academic discourse and domestic policies in Western countries, particularly the United States, it has not led to fundamental changes in global geopolitical strategy. The paper focuses on two key aspects: the natural connection between knowledge and power, which cannot be altered by anti-colonial declarations, and the shift of colonial discourse to new regions, specifically non-Western Europe. The authors posit that the strength of a modern state lies in its ability to dynamically bifurcate its image into internal and external faces, presenting different aspects to its society and foreign partners. Using the United States as a case study, the article demonstrates how internal anti-colonial discourse coexists with an unchanging foreign policy strategy of global dominance. The authors criticize the illusions about the possibility of changing the fundamental principles of US foreign policy, which has remained consistent since 1941. The paper emphasizes the continuation of a strategy aimed at fostering global dependence on the West, despite anti-colonial rhetoric. The article explores the complex interplay between domestic movements for social justice and decolonization, and the pragmatic realities of international relations. It argues that the deconstruction of Orientalism, while challenging the legitimacy of historical colonial practices, has not transformed the core geopolitical interests of Western states.
The authors contend that the apparent dichotomy between internal anti-colonial discourse and external policy reflects both the complexity and strength of states like the US, where domestic and foreign policies can be shaped by different institutional and ideological forces. The paper also discusses the expansion of the concept of liberal democracy as an export product to regions deemed lacking in popular sovereignty.
In conclusion, the article suggests that the critique of Orientalism, despite its academic and cultural impact, has been effectively neutralized in geopolitical practice. This is achieved through a shift in focus to regions not traditionally considered part of the «old» Western colonies, allowing for the implementation of economic partnership policies without the moral self-flagellation associated with charges of Orientalism. The paper ultimately argues that renaming reality does not change its underlying structure, and that the postmodern belief in the power of language to transform geopolitical realities is akin to magical thinking. It concludes that the critique of Orientalism has not fundamentally altered the eternal principles and interests guiding global geopolitical strategies.
The paper presents a comparative analysis of the interpretation of the phenomenon of social control in postmodernism and metamodernism. The similarities and differences in the description of social control mechanisms are identified. The concepts of “society of the spectacle” (G.Debord), “society of surveillance” (M.Foucault) and “society of control” (J. Deleuze) are analyzed, which show the evolution of postmodernists’ views on social processes.. The concept of the “listening society” (G.Freinacht) as a metamodern alternative to the development of modern society is presented. Postmodernism focuses on criticizing society, drawing attention to its increasing fragmentation, the crisis of metanarratives, and the growing role of the media as a tool for social control. In contrast, metamodernism tries to balance modern and postmodern theories, recognizing the importance of centralized and decentralized forms of social control. This allows simultaneously taking into account the diversity of identities of a modern person and the possibility of his or her integration into society through the adoption of common norms and rules. Metamodernism seeks to reconstruct metanarratives that can contribute to new forms of social control based on cooperation and common interests. It emphasizes the importance of empathy in social control, whereas postmodernism rejects it as a false, simulated form of social relations. While postmodernism focuses more on critical analysis of existing structures, metamodernism aims to find hybrid and adaptive forms of control that combine traditional methods with the latest technologies. All these differences in the interpretation of the phenomenon of social control reflect the paradigm shift from postmodern deconstruction to synthesis and reconstruction within metamodernism.
In the swiftly advancing realm of communication technologies, Semantic Communication (SemCom), which emphasizes knowledge understanding and processing, has emerged as a hot topic. By integrating artificial intelligence technologies, SemCom facilitates a profound understanding, analysis and transmission of communication content. In this chapter, we clarify the means of knowledge learning in SemCom with a particular focus on the utilization of Knowledge Graphs (KGs). Specifically, we first review existing efforts that combine SemCom with knowledge learning. Subsequently, we introduce a KG-enhanced SemCom system, wherein the receiver is carefully calibrated to leverage knowledge from its static knowledge base for ameliorating the decoding performance. Contingent upon this framework, we further explore potential approaches that can empower the system to operate in evolving knowledge base more effectively. Furthermore, we investigate the possibility of integration with Large Language Models (LLMs) for data augmentation, offering additional perspective into the potential implementation means of SemCom. Extensive numerical results demonstrate that the proposed framework yields superior performance on top of the KG-enhanced decoding and manifests its versatility under different scenarios.
Дослідження зосереджено на розгляді кайнонічної природи української філософії, що розкривається в потенціалі кордоцентризму. Як напрямок філософської традиції, кордоцентризм постулює проблему гносеологічних ресурсів філософського знання. Найбільш повно напрямок розкривається в філософії Г.Сковороди, де християнська традиція поєднується з українською самобутністю. Саме ця синтезність і закладає перспективи вирішення проблеми методологічної різноплановості сучасної філософії через актуалізацію фундаментальних принципів філософського пізнання – цілісності та комплексності. Таким чином, в контексті методологічної проблематики сучасної науки звернення до кардоцентризму, й безпосередньо філософії серця Г.Сковороди, є перспективним напрямком розвитку сучасної філософської традиції.
Deep neural networks have achieved remarkable performance for artificial intelligence tasks. The success behind intelligent systems often relies on large-scale models with high computational complexity and storage costs. The over-parameterized networks are often easy to optimize and can achieve better performance. However, it is challenging to deploy them over resource-limited edge-devices. Knowledge Distillation (KD) aims to optimize a lightweight network from the perspective of over-parameterized training. The traditional offline KD transfers knowledge from a cumbersome teacher to a small and fast student network. When a sizeable pre-trained teacher network is unavailable, online KD can improve a group of models by collaborative or mutual learning. Without needing extra models, Self-KD boosts the network itself using attached auxiliary architectures. KD mainly involves knowledge extraction and distillation strategies these two aspects. Beyond KD schemes, various KD algorithms are widely used in practical applications, such as multi-teacher KD, cross-modal KD, attention-based KD, data-free KD and adversarial KD. This paper provides a comprehensive KD survey, including knowledge categories, distillation schemes and algorithms, as well as some empirical studies on performance comparison. Finally, we discuss the open challenges of existing KD works and prospect the future directions.
Muhammad Zubair Khan, Oleg E. Peil, Apoorva Sharma
et al.
In the rapidly expanding field of two-dimensional materials, magnetic monolayers show great promise for the future applications in nanoelectronics, data storage, and sensing. The research in intrinsically magnetic two-dimensional materials mainly focuses on synthetic iodide and telluride based compounds, which inherently suffer from the lack of ambient stability. So far, naturally occurring layered magnetic materials have been vastly overlooked. These minerals offer a unique opportunity to explore air-stable complex layered systems with high concentration of local moment bearing ions. We demonstrate magnetic ordering in iron-rich two-dimensional phyllosilicates, focusing on mineral species of minnesotaite, annite, and biotite. These are naturally occurring van der Waals magnetic materials which integrate local moment baring ions of iron via magnesium/aluminium substitution in their octahedral sites. Due to self-inherent capping by silicate/aluminate tetrahedral groups, ultra-thin layers are air-stable. Chemical characterization, quantitative elemental analysis, and iron oxidation states were determined via Raman spectroscopy, wavelength disperse X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry measurements were performed to examine the magnetic ordering. These layered materials exhibit paramagnetic or superparamagnetic characteristics at room temperature. At low temperature ferrimagnetic or antiferromagnetic ordering occurs, with the critical ordering temperature of 38.7 K for minnesotaite, 36.1 K for annite, and 4.9 K for biotite. In-field magnetic force microscopy on iron bearing phyllosilicates confirmed the paramagnetic response at room temperature, present down to monolayers.
It is crucial to automatically construct knowledge graphs (KGs) of diverse new relations to support knowledge discovery and broad applications. Previous KG construction methods, based on either crowdsourcing or text mining, are often limited to a small predefined set of relations due to manual cost or restrictions in text corpus. Recent research proposed to use pretrained language models (LMs) as implicit knowledge bases that accept knowledge queries with prompts. Yet, the implicit knowledge lacks many desirable properties of a full-scale symbolic KG, such as easy access, navigation, editing, and quality assurance. In this paper, we propose a new approach of harvesting massive KGs of arbitrary relations from pretrained LMs. With minimal input of a relation definition (a prompt and a few shot of example entity pairs), the approach efficiently searches in the vast entity pair space to extract diverse accurate knowledge of the desired relation. We develop an effective search-and-rescore mechanism for improved efficiency and accuracy. We deploy the approach to harvest KGs of over 400 new relations from different LMs. Extensive human and automatic evaluations show our approach manages to extract diverse accurate knowledge, including tuples of complex relations (e.g., "A is capable of but not good at B"). The resulting KGs as a symbolic interpretation of the source LMs also reveal new insights into the LMs' knowledge capacities.
In recent years, knowledge graphs have been widely applied as a uniform way to organize data and have enhanced many tasks requiring knowledge. In online shopping platform Taobao, we built a billion-scale e-commerce product knowledge graph. It organizes data uniformly and provides item knowledge services for various tasks such as item recommendation. Usually, such knowledge services are provided through triple data, while this implementation includes (1) tedious data selection works on product knowledge graph and (2) task model designing works to infuse those triples knowledge. More importantly, product knowledge graph is far from complete, resulting error propagation to knowledge enhanced tasks. To avoid these problems, we propose a Pre-trained Knowledge Graph Model (PKGM) for the billion-scale product knowledge graph. On the one hand, it could provide item knowledge services in a uniform way with service vectors for embedding-based and item-knowledge-related task models without accessing triple data. On the other hand, it's service is provided based on implicitly completed product knowledge graph, overcoming the common the incomplete issue. We also propose two general ways to integrate the service vectors from PKGM into downstream task models. We test PKGM in five knowledge-related tasks, item classification, item resolution, item recommendation, scene detection and sequential recommendation. Experimental results show that PKGM introduces significant performance gains on these tasks, illustrating the useful of service vectors from PKGM.
We discuss the epistemological features of the Ghirardi, Rimini and Weber proposal to modify quantum mechanics in order to overcome the objectification problem, that means the transition between the quantum and the classical level of description of natural phenomena. We shall show that the GRW is a realistic theory, but in a way quite different from Einstein realism or other kinds of realism proposed in the past, such as the Many World Interpretation or the Bohmian Mechanics.
Arnaud Mazier, Alexandre Bilger, Antonio E. Forte
et al.
In this paper, we develop a framework for solving inverse deformation problems using the FEniCS Project finite element software. We validate our approach with experimental imaging data acquired from a soft silicone beam under gravity. In contrast with inverse iterative algorithms that require multiple solutions of a standard elasticity problem, the proposed method can compute the undeformed configuration by solving only one modified elasticity problem. This modified problem has a complexity comparable to the standard one. The framework is implemented within an open-source pipeline enabling the direct and inverse deformation simulation directly from imaging data. We use the high-level Unified Form Language (UFL) of the FEniCS Project to express the finite element model in variational form and to automatically derive the consistent Jacobian. Consequently, the design of the pipeline is flexible: for example, it allows the modification of the constitutive models by changing a single line of code. We include a complete working example showing the inverse deformation of a beam deformed by gravity as supplementary material.
In this article, we tackle the problem of standard interoperability across different standardization frameworks, and devise a knowledge-driven approach that allows for the description of standards and standardization frameworks into an Industry 4.0 knowledge graph (I40KG). The STO ontology represents properties of standards and standardization frameworks, as well as relationships among them. The I40KG integrates more than 200 standards and four standardization frameworks. To populate the I40KG, the landscape of standards has been analyzed from a semantic perspective and the resulting I40KG represents knowledge expressed in more than 200 industrial related documents including technical reports, research articles, and white papers. Additionally, the I40KG has been linked to existing knowledge graphs and an automated reasoning has been implemented to reveal implicit relations between standards as well as mappings across standardization frameworks. We analyze both the number of discovered relations between standards and the accuracy of these relations. Observed results indicate that both reasoning and linking processes enable for increasing the connectivity in the knowledge graph by up to 80%, whilst up to 96% of the relations can be validated. These outcomes suggest that integrating standards and standardization frameworks into the I40KG enables the resolution of semantic interoperability conflicts, empowering the communication in smart factories.
ABSTRACT Latin American decolonial theory is built around the thesis of the “coloniality of knowledge”, which claims that the socio-political domination of Latin America and other regions of the global periphery by European countries and the United States is directly related to the initial colonial imposition and subsequent cultural reproduction of so-called “Western epistemology” and science. I argue that the epistemological claims of four decolonial thinkers (Aníbal Quijano, Walter Mignolo, Enrique Dussel, Santiago Castro-Gómez) that make up the coloniality of knowledge thesis are problematic for several reasons: they are based on distorted and simplistic readings of Descartes, Hume and other Enlightenment figures; they make contentious generalizations about so-called Western epistemology; and they ultimately lead to epistemic relativism, which is a problematic basis for the social sciences and, contrary to decolonial aspirations, renders the subaltern unable to speak.
Nesse artigo apresentamos o processo histórico de formação do Polo Tecnológico de Campinas. Buscamos relacionar o contexto local, sua vinculação direta com a Universidade de Campinas e mais precisamente com os trabalhos desenvolvidos no Instituto de Física dessa universidade. Também pretendemos analisar a influência direta do Estado, seu alcance, e limites presentes nas iniciativas propostas pelo regime militar e suas políticas desenvolvimentistas.
Critical theoretical approaches to information literacy are an important part of the growing LIS focus on the context of information. This concern for information’s social environment and the awareness of new models of interaction between learners and librarians open the possibility for using social epistemology to better understand information literacy. The concept of social epistemology—the study of the ways in which an individual’s knowledge is shaped by their interactions with the world around them—has long been part of epistemology. However, LIS theorists Margaret Egan and Jesse Shera, who coined the term, intended it to address librarianship specifically. This paper argues that social epistemology is well positioned to strengthen the critical practice of information literacy, based both on the social epistemological characteristics of critical theory and the information literacy aspects of the social epistemology stream in the field of philosophy. A review of the critical theoretical trend in LIS literature on information literacy reveals an already-present social epistemological foundation on which LIS research can build to expand the application of critical theory to information literacy. Placing this literature in conversation with itself illuminates the ways in which engagement with social epistemological concerns is already evolving. This paper then critiques the literature and highlights some concerns. Recognition of these weaknesses in otherwise valuable work alerts us to opportunities for improvement. This paper suggests that future progress will be tied to better understanding of the social context of knowledge.
This article is aimed at revealing the emergence and development of islamic epistemology. Epistemology which means the theory of knowledge is not wholly owned by Modern Western scientists with the advance of civilization of them. Before the West advanced, Islam as a religion that upheld science, has its own history of the theory of knowledge or epistemology. In fact, epistemology in Islam recognizes not only tools or sources of knowledge which are in the form of senses or intelligence but also the heart (intuition). These senses, intelligence, and intuition are well known as three epistemological models of Islam (Bayani, Burhani dan ‘Irfani).
En este artículo se analiza la crítica de Ramón Turró a la teoría epistemológica de Helmholtz sobre el origen del conocimiento del principio de causalidad exterior. Ambos consideran que los modelos epistemológicos psicologistas no permiten explicar cómo se adquiere el conocimiento del principio de causalidad exterior. Frente a estos modelos, ambos conceden una importancia fundamental al elemento motriz en el origen del conocimiento del principio de causalidad exterior. No obstante, en el modelo epistemológico de Helmholtz la investigación comienza con la exploración sensoriomotora del entorno, y su teoría acerca del origen del principio de causalidad exterior le compromete con algunas premisas idealistas. El modelo de Turró, sin embargo, alcanza mayor profundidad en su análisis objetivista, comenzando la investigación en un estadio más básico del desarrollo del individuo, la experiencia trófica. Por último, se analiza el estatuto epistemológico del principio de causalidad tanto en la obra de Helmholtz como en la obra de Turró.
Epistemology. Theory of knowledge, Science (General)