Historically, urban wastewater from Kenitra was directly discharged into the Sebou estuary (68 km) through six collectors, producing environmental degradation and prompting the Kenitra wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in 2020. Although designed to treat all urban wastewater before discharge, WWTP (19.4 km from the mouth) experiences bypass events during Eid al-Adha when organic loads surge due to widespread animal slaughter. This study aims to model the Bypass impact on Sebou estuary water quality, focusing on biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) as a key indicator. Given the strong dependence of water quality on hydrodynamics, a one-dimensional hydraulic model (HEC-RAS5.0.6) was used, calibrated, and validated using morphological datasets. The hydraulic simulation outputs (water levels and flow velocities) were then used in the water quality module to simulate BOD5 dynamics. Three scenarios were examined: untreated discharge, discharge after treatment at WWTP, and Eid al-Adha bypass event. The results indicated a 90% BOD5 reduction posttreatment, confirming WWTP efficiency. However, during the bypass event, BOD5 surged to 4.3 mg.L-1, significantly deteriorating Sebou estuary water quality. The pollution residence time varied from 3 days under high freshwater flow (300 m3 .s-1) to 9 days under tidal dominance (0 m3 .s-1). These findings highlight the urgent need for adaptive wastewater management (pre-treatment during peak periods and public awareness campaigns) during peak-load events to mitigate ecological risks and safeguard downstream communities relying on the estuary for water and livelihoods.
Environmental effects of industries and plants, Science (General)
Sharmin Jahan Mim, Anica Tasnim, Rumpa Chowdhury
et al.
There is a lack of government and private sector-specific analysis on the economic sustainability of waste management services in Canada. This study addresses that gap by conducting a comprehensive 23-year analysis of waste management industry data across four Western Canadian provinces, examining both sectors separately. This distinction enhances understanding of how economic and employment factors uniquely influence waste disposal, diversion, and revenue growth. The study reveals a predominantly private sector led management system, with the highest national revenue in 2018 ($221.9/cap). The private sector's substantial investment in waste diversion significantly impacts its robust revenue growth and consistently higher profit margins. In contrast, the government sector exhibits fluctuating operating revenue, primarily supported by income and property taxes, reflecting an inconsistent financial structure. Lower waste diversion rates in some provinces may be linked to higher proportion of part-time employees in the government sector, impacting financial sustainability. However, recent upward trends in government capital investment suggest a shift toward long-term development goals rather than short-term revenue gains. Findings highlights distinct differences in business and employment characteristics between sectors. The study provides an analytical framework for optimized financial and resource planning within Canada's waste management landscape.
Rosihan Pebrianto, Budhi Setiawan, Eddy Ibrahim
et al.
In doing slope design, paying attention to slope geometry and soil shear strength is necessary. Determination of slope geometry design also considers the balance between height and slope and production benefits. Research was conducted to analyze slope stability by testing physical and mechanical properties, limit equilibrium, and probabilistic Monte Carlo methods. The surface area of the Overburden stripping area in the 2024 RKP design amounted to 8,172.79 ????2. The production target is 2,000,000 tons of coal with a volume of overburdened material that must be stripped of 29.00, and a Stripping Ratio was obtained with a value of 14.5. The results of the overall slope evaluation of the Old Dump material with an overall slope height of 66.582 m, a slope width of 447.69 m, an overall slope of 8.32? and a bench width of 25 m, a bench height of 6 m with a ratio of 1:3 and a single slope angle of 18.43?. Then, the redesign was carried out and obtained recommendation results of 64.799 m overall slope height, 303.33 m slope width, 1,3.02? overall slope, and 25 m bench width, bench height at elevation 131-110 of 8 m with a comparison ratio of 1:2, single slope 26.57? and at elevation 110-50 of 8 m with a comparison ratio of 1:1.5, single slope 33.69.
Faisal Danu Tuheteru, Husna, Wiwin Rahmawati Nurdin
et al.
Post-asphalt mining land is generally damaged and infertile; therefore, restoration efforts are necessary. The use of native Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) can improve plant growth and accelerate the success of restoration. This research aimed to elucidate the effect of native AMF inoculation on the growth of Vitex cofassus seedlings in greenhouse conditions. In this study, a completely randomized design was implemented with seven treatments, i.e., uninoculated (control), Racocetra crispi, Glomus intraradices, Glomus sp., Glomus sp-LW10, Glomus sp.-SW10 and Mycofer IPB (commercial AMF). The percentage of AMF colonization, plant growth, dry weight as well as P and Ca uptakes were measured after 3 months of planting. The results showed that AMF inoculation significantly increased the percentage of colonization, growth, and dry weight of shoots and total plants of V. cofassus. Mycorrhizal Inoculation Effect (MIE) ranged between 92.2% and 94.6%. Native and commercial AMF inoculation increased P and Ca uptakes in the roots and shoots of V. cofassus. There is a promising future for native AMF to be developed into a biofertilizer for restoring post-asphalt mining land in Indonesia.
Asif Hameed, Guozhu Mao, Adnan Ahmed Sheikh
et al.
The Paris Agreement mandated high-greenhouse-emitting countries implement carbon pricing to accelerate emission reduction to cope with environmental challenges posed by climate change. We emphasized a research analysis of the reciprocal feedback mechanism between micro- and macro-economic systems in response to the carbon tax in the economy, facilitating the adoption of renewable technology for social welfare. This research utilized a bi-model comprising the dynamic computable general equilibrium model and energy system optimization model for analysis. Results revealed empirical and positive evidence of carbon tax efficacy of three times emission reduction related to a less than one-time economic contraction, while significant environmental benefits positively influenced the individual welfare and technological advancement in Tianjin, China. The conclusion offers concrete long-term benefits of cleaner energy adoption, public health, and environmental sustainability to align with the Paris Agreement goals. The study suggests that policymakers implement a gradual carbon tax to maintain economic growth and fund carbon tax revenue to renewable energy technology, industrial efficiency upgradation, and social welfare programs to balance economic trade-offs.
Environmental effects of industries and plants, Economic growth, development, planning
A major global concern is the widespread environmental destruction caused by hydrocarbons, especially from the dumping of spent engine oil. Hydrocarbons are a major source of pollution in the environment and have an impact on agriculture, aquatic life, and soil fertility. The necessity of resolving this issue is highlighted by the detrimental impact on soil biocenosis and the potential conversion of soils into technogenic deserts. Due to high costs and polluting byproducts, the conventional approach of treating contaminated soil, sediment, and water is unsustainable. However, bioremediation, which makes use of biological agents like fungi and bacteria, appears to be a more practical and affordable solution. Microbial biosurfactants present a possible solution for environmental restoration due to their less harmful nature compared to chemical surfactants. This review highlights the green and sustainable nature of microbial biosurfactants while examining their advancements, biotechnological potentials, and future possibilities for bioremediation. The review also looks at the genetic basis and economic viability of biosurfactants for bioremediation applications. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the need for more studies in overcoming the challenges of large-scale application of biological surfactants for bioremediation of pollution and environmental restoration. As partners in nature, these bacteria aid in the breakdown of hydrocarbons, highlighting the need for industry and the environment to coexist sustainably. As biosurfactants are less harmful to the environment than chemical surfactants, they are more in line with the global trend toward sustainable methods and the use of natural processes for ecological restoration.
Environmental effects of industries and plants, Science (General)
Nimpa Giscard Desting, Deodonne Kunwufne, Minane Jacques Rémy
et al.
Rapid urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa is driving a sharp increase in concrete use, raising significant environmental concerns. This study evaluates the environmental impacts of concrete production in Cameroon through a life cycle assessment (LCA), with the aim of identifying effective strategies for impact reduction. The analysis is based on primary data from 18 concrete batching plants across major urban centers, combined with national-level secondary data. It follows ISO 14040 standards and applies the IMPACT 2002+ method within SimaPro 9.0. The functional unit is 1 m³ of ready-mix concrete. Cement production accounts for the majority of impacts, contributing over 80% of greenhouse gas emissions (347 kg CO₂-eq/m³ out of 427 kg CO₂-eq/m³), 57% of non-renewable energy use, and most human health effects (168 DALYs/year). Clinker content is the main driver of emissions, while electricity use and transport distances have smaller effects. Results related to human toxicity vary across impact assessment methods. By combining empirical data with regional assumptions, this study addresses a gap in LCA research for emerging economies. It highlights the need for clinker substitution, improved energy efficiency, and optimized logistics to reduce the environmental footprint of concrete.
ABSTRACT The use of decarbonized virgin lime is connected to environmental problems like high CO2 emissions, high energy utilization and negative impact from open-pit lime mines. Recycling of used lime would reduce many of these problems. The effect of carbon-rich lime slag (CLS) from the metallurgical industry on germination, growth, and elemental content in barley, oilseed radish and sugar beet was investigated on two soils (clay and sand). CLS without and with water (CLSW) were compared to limestone in the sandy soil, primarily used to increase pH, and hydrated lime, primarily used to increase aggregation, in clay soils. CLS addition did not reduce the germination of the seeds as compared to the control. Including fertilization to the CLS treatment reduced the germination up to 23% in oilseed radish after 16 days. The germination of sugar beet seeds was delayed but had recovered after 16 days. Shoot biomass was higher in plants with CLS and CLSW, in both soils without fertilization. Plants grown in the CLS had lower Cd content compared to plants grown with hydrated lime. We can conclude that CLS show a high potential to be used on agricultural land from a crop growth perspective.
M. Akhter, Ahmed Al Mansur, Md. Imamul Islam
et al.
Solar PV is gaining increasing importance in the worldwide energy industry. Consequently, the global expansion of crystalline photovoltaic power plants has resulted in a rise in PV waste generation. However, disposing of PV waste is challenging and can pose harmful chemical effects on the environment. Therefore, developing technologies for recycling crystalline silicon solar modules is imperative to improve process efficiency, economics, recovery, and recycling rates. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of PV waste management, specifically focusing on crystalline solar cell recycling. The classification of PV recycling companies based on various components, including solar panels, PV glass, aluminum frames, silicon solar cells, junction boxes, plastic, back sheets, and cables, is explored. Additionally, the survey includes an in-depth literature review concentrating on chemical treatment for crystalline solar cell recycling. Furthermore, this study provides constructive suggestions for PV power plants on how to promote solar cell recycling at the end of their life cycles, thereby reducing their environmental impact. Moreover, the techno-economic and environmental dimensions of solar cell recycling techniques are investigated in detail. Overall, this review offers valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with crystalline solar cell recycling, emphasizing the importance of economically feasible and environmentally sustainable PV waste management solutions in the constantly evolving solar energy market.
ABSTRACT Soil salinity is a major challenge in agriculture, particularly in calcareous soils with high calcium carbonate levels. Biochar, produced from biomass pyrolysis, is being considered as a potential solution for mitigating salinity effects. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted using calcareous soil from a saline field to investigate the effects of sugarcane biochar applied at different rates (0.0%, 2.0%, and 5.0%) on soil properties and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth. Results showed that both Low Rate (2.0% biochar) and High Rate (5.0% biochar) treatments significantly improved soil pH, reduced electrical conductivity (EC), and increased soil organic matter (SOM) content. Plant growth indicators such as plant height, stem diameter, and leaf chlorophyll content also showed significant improvement with biochar application. High Rate had more pronounced effects compared to Low Rate. The analysis confirmed the significant effects of biochar on soil properties and plant growth, indicating its potential as a beneficial soil amendment. Sugarcane biochar has the potential to mitigate salinity stress and enhance crop productivity in calcareous soils. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of sugarcane biochar application and its interactions with other soil management practices in different crop systems. These findings highlight the promising role of biochar as a sustainable approach for mitigating salinity stress in agriculture and improving soil quality for crop production. INDUSTRIAL RELEVANCE The study’s findings highlight the potential industrial applications of sugarcane biochar in addressing soil salinity issues prevalent in calcareous soils, particularly in agriculture. The research underscores the positive impact of biochar on soil attributes, plant growth, and nutrient availability. With its ability to improve soil pH, reduce salinity, increase soil organic matter, and enhance plant growth, sugarcane biochar emerges as a promising soil amendment for agricultural use. This presents an opportunity for industries involved in sustainable agriculture, soil management, and crop enhancement to explore the integration of biochar into their practices. Additionally, the study emphasizes the need for further research and field trials to optimize biochar application rates, assess economic feasibility, and ensure environmental sustainability. The insights gained from this study offer a pathway for industrial stakeholders to explore biochar’s role in enhancing soil quality, promoting plant growth, and ensuring sustainable agricultural practices.
In recent years, the coal gasification industry has rapidly developed, becoming one of the most promising technologies in the advanced and clean coal chemical industry. As a result, the annual emission of coal gasification fine slag (CGFS) has continuously increased. The present situation of CGFS is regarded as a notorious waste in gasification plants and is rudely landfilled or deposited in slag yards, which leads to a large waste of land resources, the release of dangerous elements, and numerous pollution problems. Although CGFS is classified as industrial solid waste, its unique physical and chemical properties make it a valuable resource that cannot be overlooked. This paper focuses on the resource utilization technology and environmental impact of CGFS. The resource utilization of different components of CGFS has realized the evolution from waste to valuable substances. Moreover, during the disposal and utilization of CGFS, its environmental effects cannot be ignored. The main problems and future research directions are also further proposed. Efforts should be focused on the challenges of the technology, cost, and environmental protection in the application process to achieve industrial application, and ultimately committed to sustainable and green development goals, and promote the sustainable management and conservation of resources.
Lioul Getachew Alemu, Girmaw Yeshanbel Kefale, R. Hailu
et al.
Although the leather processing industry is vital in terms of employment creation, revenue generation, consumption of by‐products from the meat industry, and the production of the valuable commodity called leather, the industry is considered “red marked” due to the discharge of solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes from each unit operation. In addition, different cleaner production options were investigated to mitigate the negative effects of the leather industries. Cleaner options in curing were mostly focused on the use of plant extracts and the sodium chloride‐free preservation method, which eliminates the salinity and 70% TDS of the discharged water. The application of enzymes in the soak and unhairing facilitates the operation, reduces COD, BOD, and TDS in the effluent, and yields better results than the conventional method. Saltless and waterless pickling with nonswelling acid and chrome‐free tanning was considered cleaner options for pickling with salts and conventional tanning methods. This article provides an in‐depth analysis and review of conventional leather processing, hazardous chemicals in each unit operation, the environmental impact of conventional operations from curing to tanning, and cleaner leather production approaches in each unit operation.
Hesperidin, a glycosylated flavanone abundant in nature, is an antioxidant widely researched in the pharmaceutical industry for its anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, anti-aging, cardioprotective and neuroprotective effects. Despite the extensive literature highlighting these therapeutic activities, there remains a significant gap in understanding hesperidin role across other fields. This review aims at demonstrating hesperidin applications beyond pharmaceutical applications, particularly in the food, feed, and environmental fields. For this purpose, a brief description of the biosynthesis pathway of hesperidin in citrus plants is provided as well as its main chemical derivatives. In the food industry, hesperidin and its derivatives are commercialized as dietetic supplements and have been studied as food additives and active ingredients in edible food packaging. Within the feed industry, meat and/or eggs from animals supplemented with hesperidin show higher oxidative stability and prolonged shelf life. Moreover, in the environment research, hesperidin induces plant tolerance against abiotic factors and shows biopesticide activity.
This study investigated iron (Fe) accumulation in South Kalimantan's coastal swamp wetlands ecosystem, utilizing giant mudskipper fish as indicators of heavy metal pollution. By analyzing Fe levels in water, sediment, and fish organs over time, insights into its effects on the environment and human health were gained. Furthermore, through Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Fe concentrations in Kuala Lupak's coastal wetland were measured, revealing significant correlations between Fe levels in water, sediment, and fish tissues. These results enhance our understanding and inform better management strategies. Anthropogenic and natural sources contribute to the accumulation of heavy metals, particularly Fe, with anthropogenic pollution being the most dominant. This study presented the escalating concentrations of Fe within the Kuala Lupak estuary and raised concerns regarding the ecological and human health implications. Continuous monitoring, source identification, public awareness, regulations, remediation, and long-term exploration are essential for addressing heavy metal pollution and its ecological impact. Therefore, valuable insights are provided for environmental management and conservation efforts.
Alejandra Acevedo-De-los-Ríos, Favio R. Chumpitaz-Requena, Daniel R. Rondinel-Oviedo
By 2050, 68% of the global population will reside in cities, driving rapid urban growth and intensifying demand for scarce ecological resources within the Water-Food-Energy nexus. Social metabolism quantifies energy and material transformations with a social focus, building upon urban metabolism. Its application in resource-scarce informal settlements (ISs) has the potential to enhance their sustainability significantly. As community dynamics evolve, acknowledging society as a dynamic variable within this framework becomes increasingly relevant. Our study employs the Multi-Scale Integrated Analysis of Societal and Ecosystem Metabolism (MuSIASEM) framework, focusing on key variables: human activity, land use, money, energy, water, waste, and food. Based on surveys, interviews, GIS datasets, and statistical information, the study investigates the Ciudad de Gosen IS in Lima, Peru. The results show that, in the socio-economic dimension, 43% of the time employed is directed to the unpaid work sector. Notably, 71% of women and 29% of men spend a mean of 44 h/week/person caring for children or elderly. In the paid work sector, there are gender asymmetries; men have a salary 54% higher than women. In the ecological dimension, more than 78% of the homes have access to basic services, unlike other informal settlements in Latin America and Africa.
V. G. Prabhu Gaonkar, F. M. Nadaf and Vikas Kapale
Globally, land degradation is becoming a grave concern. Over the years, conditions such as drought, extreme weather events, pollution, changes in land use land cover, and desertification have intensified and led to land degradation, affecting both ecological and economic processes. Equally, during the last two centuries, population and urbanization have amplified manifold and increased the demand for additional food and shelter, resulting in alteration in land use land cover, over-grazing, and over-cultivation, loss of nutrient-rich surface soil, greater runoff from the more impermeable subsoil, and reduced water availability. Geographically, Goa is a highly diversified state. It is sandwiched between the West Coast and the Western Ghats. The state is blessed with beaches, mangroves, backwaters, wetlands, wildlife sanctuaries, evergreen forests, barren lands, and other vital ecosystems. The State of Goa, on average, receives more than 3000 millimeters of rainfall annually with high surface runoff. Using both primary and secondary data, this study sought to investigate and quantify the state’s land degradation. Secondary data came from satellites and other sources, while primary data came from field observation and ground truthing. Land degradation factors related to soil loss and the spatial pattern of soil erosion are predicted and evaluated using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) method. Landsat-8 OLI-TIRS images were utilized to decide land use and cover (C factor), while DEM information was utilized to assess (LS factor). A soil map and rainfall data were collected to acquire a better understanding of soil erodibility (K factor) and rainfall erosivity (R factor). The kriging interpolation technique was used to gain a deeper comprehension of land degradation.The purpose of this paper is to comprehend the concept of integrated land degradation and how it affects the environment of Goa. Using remote sensing data and geostatistical methods, the study creates a comprehensive map of land degradation in the region by identifying and analyzing the various forms of land degradation in Goa. The paper also looks at how rainfall and the amount of land cover affect the rate of soil erosion in Goa. According to the findings, intense rainfall makes the eastern part of Goa particularly susceptible to soil erosion, and bare soil has a greater potential for erosion than vegetated land. The paper concludes that comprehensive land degradation mapping can be a useful tool for developing efficient land management strategies to preserve soil and encourage sustainable development in the region.
Environmental effects of industries and plants, Science (General)
The aim of this work was to determine the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of six plants widely distributed in the Dehesa of Extremadura, such as Calendula officinalis, Cistus ladanifer, Cistus salviifolius, Cistus multiflorus, Lavandula stoechas, and Rosmarinus officinalis. The content of total phenolic compounds (TPC) and the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils against pathogenic and spoilage bacteria and yeasts as well as aflatoxin-producing molds were determined. A great variability was observed in the composition of the essential oils obtained from the six aromatic plants. The Cistus ladanifer essential oil had the highest content of total phenols (287.32 ppm), followed by the Cistus salviifolius essential oil; and the Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil showed the lowest amount of these compounds. The essential oils showed inhibitory effects on the tested bacteria and also yeasts, showing a maximum inhibition diameter of 11.50 mm for Salmonella choleraesuis and Kregervanrija fluxuum in the case of Cistus ladanifer and a maximum diameter of 9 mm for Bacillus cereus and 9.50 mm for Priceomyces carsonii in the case of Cistus salviifolius. The results stated that antibacterial and antiyeast activity is influenced by the concentration and the plant material used for essential oil preparation. In molds, aflatoxin production was inhibited by all the essential oils, especially the essential oils of Cistus ladanifer and Cistus salviifolius. Therefore, it can be concluded that the essential oils of native plants have significant antimicrobial properties against pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, so they could be studied for their use in the industry as they are cheap, available, and non-toxic plants that favor the sustainability of the environment of the Dehesa of Extremeña.
Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles are one of the most important engineered nanomaterials with demonstrated applications in industry. Although numerous studies have reported the plant uptake of CeO2, its fate and transformation pathways and mechanisms in plant-related conditions are still not well understood. This study investigated the stability of CeO2 in the presence of organic ligands (maleic and citric acid) and light irradiation. For the first time, we found that organic ligands and visible light had a synergistic effect on the reductive dissolution of CeO2 with up to 30% Ce releases after 3 days, which is the highest release reported so far under environmental conditions. Moreover, the photoinduced dissolution of CeO2 in the presence of citrate was much higher than that in maleate, which are adsorbed on the surface of CeO2 through inner-sphere and outer-sphere complexation, respectively. A novel ligand-dependent photodissolution mechanism was proposed and highlighted: upon electron-hole separation under light irradiation, the inner-sphere complexed citrate is more capable of consuming the hole, prolonging the life of electrons for the reduction of Ce(IV) to Ce(III). Finally, reoxidation of Ce(III) by oxygen was observed and discussed. This comprehensive work advances our knowledge of the fate and transformation of CeO2 in plant surroundings.