Hasil untuk "Energy conservation"

Liu Yang, Haiyan Yan, J. Lam

E. Frederiks, K. Stenner, E. Hobman

Household energy conservation has emerged as a major challenge and opportunity for researchers, practitioners and policymakers. Consumers also seem to be gaining greater awareness of the value and need for sustainable energy practices, particularly amid growing public concerns over greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Yet even with adequate knowledge of how to save energy and a professed desire to do so, many consumers still fail to take noticeable steps towards energy efficiency and conservation. There is often a sizeable discrepancy between peoples’ self-reported knowledge, values, attitudes and intentions, and their observable behaviour—examples include the well-known ‘knowledge-action gap’ and ‘value-action gap’. But neither is household energy consumption driven primarily by financial incentives and the rational pursuit of material interests. In fact, people sometimes respond in unexpected and undesirable ways to rewards and sanctions intended to shift consumers’ cost–benefit calculus in favour of sustainable behaviours. Why is this so? Why is household energy consumption and conservation difficult to predict from either core values or material interests? By drawing on critical insights from behavioural economics and psychology, we illuminate the key cognitive biases and motivational factors that may explain why energy-related behaviour so often fails to align with either the personal values or material interests of consumers. Understanding these psychological phenomena can make household and community responses to public policy interventions less surprising, and in parallel, can help us design more cost-effective and mass-scalable behavioural solutions to encourage renewable and sustainable energy use among consumers.

Hai Zhong, Jiajun Wang, H. Jia et al.

Abstract Building energy consumption prediction plays an irreplaceable role in energy planning, management, and conservation. Data-driven approaches, such as artificial neural networks, support vector regression, gradient boosting regression and extreme learning machine are the most advanced methods for building energy prediction. However, owing to the high nonlinearity between inputs and outputs of building energy consumption prediction models, the aforementioned approaches require improvement with regard to the prediction accuracy, robustness, and generalization ability. To counter these shortcomings, a novel vector field-based support vector regression method is proposed in this paper. Through multi-distortions in the sample data space or high-dimensional feature space mapped by a vector field, the optimal feature space is found, in which the high nonlinearity between inputs and outputs is approximated by linearity. Hence, the proposed method ensures a high accuracy, a generalization ability, and robustness for building energy consumption prediction. A large office building in a coastal town of China is used for a case study, and its summer hourly cooling load data are used as energy consumption data. The results indicate that the proposed method achieves better performance than commonly used methods with regard to the accuracy, robustness, and generalization ability.

A. Chel, G. Kaushik

Abstract The energy conservation through energy efficiency in the building has acquired prime importance all over the world. The four main aspects for energy efficiency in a building include first and foremost the nearly zero energy passive building design before actual construction, secondly the usage of low energy building materials during its construction, thirdly use of energy efficient equipments for low operational energy requirement and lastly integration of renewable energy technologies for various applications. These aspects have been discussed along with their economics and environmental impacts briefly in this paper. The first aspect is related to the prior design before construction of a solar passive building techniques adapted all over the world not only for passive heating/cooling but also for daylighting the building. Second is utilizing the low embodied energy building materials for building construction. The third aspect deals with the operational energy conservation using energy efficient equipments in the building. Lastly, the building has to include utility of integrated renewable systems for hot water heating, solar photovoltaic electrification, etc.

Jose A. Rehbein, J. Watson, J. Lane et al.

Transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy is fundamental for halting anthropogenic climate change. However, renewable energy facilities can be land‐use intensive and impact conservation areas, and little attention has been given to whether the aggregated effect of energy transitions poses a substantial threat to global biodiversity. Here, we assess the extent of current and likely future renewable energy infrastructure associated with onshore wind, hydropower and solar photovoltaic generation, within three important conservation areas: protected areas (PAs), Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) and Earth's remaining wilderness. We identified 2,206 fully operational renewable energy facilities within the boundaries of these conservation areas, with another 922 facilities under development. Combined, these facilities span and are degrading 886 PAs, 749 KBAs and 40 distinct wilderness areas. Two trends are particularly concerning. First, while the majority of historical overlap occurs in Western Europe, the renewable electricity facilities under development increasingly overlap with conservation areas in Southeast Asia, a globally important region for biodiversity. Second, this next wave of renewable energy infrastructure represents a ~30% increase in the number of PAs and KBAs impacted and could increase the number of compromised wilderness areas by ~60%. If the world continues to rapidly transition towards renewable energy these areas will face increasing pressure to allow infrastructure expansion. Coordinated planning of renewable energy expansion and biodiversity conservation is essential to avoid conflicts that compromise their respective objectives.

C. Farhat, M. Lesoinne, P. Tallec

Shan Hu, D. Yan, Siyue Guo et al.

Michalis Loizos, Konstantinos Rogdakis, Ashitha Paingott Parambil et al.

Andrea Castillo-Atoche, Norberto Colín García, Ramón Atoche-Enseñat et al.

The Green Internet of Things (GIoTs) has emerged as a transformative paradigm for environmental conservation, enabling autonomous, self-sustaining sensor networks that operate without batteries and with minimal ecological footprint. This approach is especially critical for long-term mangrove monitoring in smart coastal cities, where conventional battery-powered systems are impractical due to frequent, costly, and environmentally disruptive replacements that hinder continuous data collection. This paper presents a self-sustaining GIoT sensing system for mangrove monitoring powered by sedimentary microbial fuel cells (SMFCs), enabling perpetual, battery-less, and zero-emission operation. A spatial dynamic energy management (DPM) strategy is implemented for the efficient integration of a microcontroller unit with a LoRa wireless communication transceiver and the SMFC harvested energy, ensuring a balanced self-sustained approach into a GIoT sensing network. Experimental results demonstrate an average power consumption of 190.45 μW per 14-byte data packet transmission, with each packet containing pH, electrical conductivity and ambient temperature measurements from the mangrove environment. Under the spatial DPM strategy, the network of four sensing nodes exhibited an energy consumption of 1.14 mWh. Given a harvested power density of 15.1 mW/m² from the SMFC, and utilizing a 0.1 F supercapacitor as an energy buffer, the system can support at least six consecutive data transmissions. These findings validate the feasibility of sustainable, low-power GIoT architectures for ecological monitoring.

Edvin G. Idrisov, Ivan P. Levkivskyi, Eugene V. Sukhorukov

We address the experimentally relevant situation, where a nonequilibrium state is created by injecting charge current into a chiral quantum Hall edge state. We show that the commonly accepted picture of the full equilibration of a nonequilibrium state at finite distances contradicts the charge-conservation requirement. We propose and solve the transmission line model that accounts for the local equilibration process and the charge- and energy-conserving dynamics of the collective mode. We find that the correction of the electron distribution function to its eventual equilibrium form scales down slowly as 1/sqrt[L] at long distances L.

Zhaohua Wu, Jie Sun, Zhe-Min Tan et al.

Waves are propagating disturbances that redistribute energy across space. Previous studies have shown that for waves propagating through an inhomogeneously moving mean flow, the conserved quantity is wave action rather than wave energy, raising questions about the validity of energy conservation, which is one of the foundational principles of physics. In this study, we prove that wave action conservation is, in fact, an apparent form of wave energy conservation in spatially varying and inhomogeneously moving media, where waves undergo deformation during propagation. We further show that wave action conservation can be derived directly from the law of energy conservation. This result holds universally across all isolated wave systems in varying media, including hydrodynamic and non-hydrodynamic waves.

P. Constantin, E. Weinan, E. Titi

Somnath Basak, Rekha S. Singhal

Abstract The search for new functional ingredients that meet the nutritional and technological requirements from the available resources cost‐effectively has been an ongoing activity by both academia and industry. In this respect, coextraction of the ingredients is a promising approach for valorization of food wastes as can be seen from reports that have been emerging since the last decade. The process can be used for the coextraction of all major food ingredients, namely, lipids, proteins, and polysaccharides. The approach being presented in this review is based on using two or more resources to obtain ingredients through a single process. This review looks into some of these possibilities, presents future perspectives, and calls for attention from the scientific community to explore this area of research with high translational capabilities. Coextraction offers an opportunity for valorization of wastes with energy conservation and minimizing solvent usage, wherein the bioactives present therein can be coextracted with a major food ingredient and used in the formulations, while using the principles of circular economy. Apart from the processing advantage it provides, coextraction from different sources has been reported to positively influence the structural, nutritional, and functional properties of food ingredients.

Brandon Van Huizen, Chantel E. Markle, Paul A. Moore et al.

Abstract Energy absorption and flow through a nest is an important aspect of embryonic development in many reptile species including turtles. To date, few studies have explicitly attempted to quantify the energy flow through turtle nests, opting instead for the simplified approach offered by temperature index models. However, the quantification of the energy can provide an explicit abiotic link that can link biological models to biometeorological and ecohydrological processes and models. We investigated the energy flow through turtle nests occupying different bedrock morphologies within a Canadian Shield Rock Barren landscape, in Ontario, Canada. The taxons studied were Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata), Midland Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta marginata), and Blanding's Turtle (Emydoidea blandingii). Nest temperature and soil moisture were measured in 2018 and 2019 using sensors placed in the soil adjacent to 12 turtle nest cavities. Three main rock morphologies were identified for each nest location, Crevice, Ledge, and Flat types, that are in order of decreasing bedrock percentage contact with the nest site. Ground heat flux and change in heat storage were determined using the calorimetric method for each nest, while the direction of energy flux between the atmosphere and the underlying rock was also determined. The Crevice nest morphology experienced the lowest ground heat flux on average (1.56 × 10−1 W m−2) and lowest cumulative heat storage (230 MJ) compared to the Flat (440 MJ) and Ledge (331 MJ) nests. However, over the diurnal cycle, large heat gains by Flat nests were mostly balanced out by nighttime heat losses. While Crevice nests saw the lowest daily heat storage gains, they experienced much lower heat losses over the evening period compared to the other nest types. Furthermore, we found that 59% of the energy is directed from the underlying bedrock into the Crevice nest, highlighting the importance of the bedrock in controlling thermal dynamics in the turtle nesting habitat. The lower variability in energy parameters for Crevice nest types can be attributed to higher amounts of nest‐to‐bedrock contact, compared to the flat nest types. Our results indicate that Crevice morphology may be ideal for turtles nesting at their northern limits because minimal heat loss during the evening can result in a more stable thermal incubation environment. Future conservation and habitat restoration efforts should consider the importance of bedrock morphology and prioritize the protection of Crevice nest sites. Furthermore, this work highlights important opportunities for potential interdisciplinary work between ecologists, climatologists, biologists, and hydrologists, specifically the integration of ecohydrological and biological models. This work also underscores the potential uncertainty of climate change impacts on turtle egg hatching success and nest sex ratios.

Chetan Sharma, Sunil Kumar, Shamneesh Sharma et al.

Abstract Climate change is a paramount problem for humanity, representing a substantial danger to all living organisms. Industrialization, a vital factor for economic progress, has resulted in global warming, posing a threat to the long-term viability of our ecosystem. Currently, a wide range of techniques and technologies are being used to guarantee the preservation of the environment for future generations. This study employed data from the Scopus database to do topic modeling. Authors used latent Dirichlet allocation to extract research themes related to environmental sustainability from a corpus of 4023 research articles published between 1976 and 2022. By utilizing clustering methodologies to analyze the collection of words, Authors successfully forecasted two, five, and ten study subjects, emphasizing specific domains that necessitate additional investigation by scholars. Based on coherence ratings, five subjects have been identified as prospective study areas requiring further scientific exploration. The results of our research emphasize the significance of incorporating environmentally-friendly technologies in different industries to promote a long-lasting and eco-friendly ecosystem. In addition, authors recommend prioritizing implementing sustainable and environmentally friendly technologies, improving the management of ecosystems, encouraging water conservation, promoting agricultural advancements, and advancing renewable energy resources as crucial strategies for protecting the environment and enhancing ecological conditions. This analysis illuminates current research trends in environmental sustainability and potential pathways for future investigation and intervention.

François Arleo, Guillaume Falmagne

The universal dependence of hadron suppression, $R_{\rm{AA}}(p_\perp)$, observed at large-$p_\perp$ in heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC allows for a systematic determination of the average parton energy loss $\langle ε\rangle$ in quark-gluon plasma (QGP). A simple relation between $\langle ε\rangle$ and the soft particle multiplicity allows for probing the dependence of parton energy loss on the medium path-length. We find that all the available measurements are consistent with $\langle ε\rangle \propto L^β$ with $β=1.02\pm^{0.09}_{0.06}$, consistent with the pQCD expectation of parton energy loss in a longitudinally expanding QGP. We then show, based on the model predictions, that the data on the azimuthal anisotropy coefficient divided by the collision eccentricity, $v_2/\rm{e}$, follows the same scaling property as $R_{\rm{AA}}$. Finally, a linear relationship between $v_2/\rm{e}$ and the logarithmic derivative of $R_{\rm{AA}}$ at large $p_\perp$ offers a purely data-driven access to the $L$ dependence of parton energy loss. Quite remarkably, both hadron and jet measurements obey this latter relationship, moreover with consistent values of $β$. This points to the same parametric path-length dependence of parton and jet energy loss in QGP.

M. Maneyro, E. G. S. Luna, M. Peláez

We investigate the high-energy behavior of the elastic scattering amplitude using the eikonal and $U$-matrix unitarization schemes. This work extends the analysis in [1] by exploring the sensitivity of the Pomeron and Odderon parameters to the inclusion of differential cross-section data over an extended range of $|t|$.

Yudong Cui, Yudong Cui, Bailu Teng et al.

Studies of the hydrate cores have shown that natural fractures can be frequently observed in hydrate reservoirs, resulting in a fracture-filled hydrate. Therefore, it is highly necessary for industries to predict the gas well productivity of fracture-filled hydrate reservoirs. In this work, an embedded discrete fracture model is applied to characterize the natural fractures of fracture-filled gas-hydrate reservoirs. The non-linear mass and energy conservation equations which are discretized with the finite-difference method are solved by the fully implicit approach, and the proposed model is justified by a commercial simulator. On the basis of the proposed model, we investigate the influences of natural fractures, fracture conductivity, and hydrate dissociation rate on the gas well productivity and the distributions of pressure, temperature, and hydrate saturation. The simulation results show that hydraulic and natural fractures exert significant impacts on the gas well productivity of the fracture-filled hydrate reservoirs, and the cumulative gas production is increased by 45.6% due to the existence of the connected natural fractures. The connected natural fractures can impose a more important influence on the gas well productivity than the unconnected natural fractures. The cumulative gas production is increased by 6.48% as Nnf is increased from 2 to 50, whereas the increase is 43.38% as Nf_con is increased from 0 to 4. In addition, A higher hydraulic fracture conductivity can be more favorable than a higher natural fracture conductivity for improving the gas well productivity, and a higher hydrate dissociation rate can lead to a lower temperature along fractures due to a more noticeable reduction of solid hydrate. This study provides a theoretical basis for developing fracture-filled hydrate reservoirs efficiently in the future.

Antonios A. Lithourgidis, Vasileios K. Firfiris, Sotirios D. Kalamaras et al.

Cold stress in sheep is usually overlooked, even though the animals’ welfare and productivity are affected by low temperatures. The aim of this research was to find out if and to what extent the temperature inside a sheep barn could be maintained within the range of the thermoneutral zone during winter, primarily to increase feed conversion and to reduce GHG emissions. For this reason, an automation system was installed at a sheep barn in northern Greece, and heat losses from the building were calculated. The biogas potential of the sheep barn waste was examined in the laboratory via the BMP method. The results showed that the installation of an automation system together with a hypothetical biogas heating system could maintain the barn’s temperature in the range of a sheep’s thermoneutral zone during winter for the 94% of the scenarios examined if the total energy of the biogas was utilized, while heating energy that was instantly and continuously used succeeded in 48% of the investigated cases. The surplus of energy produced by biogas could potentially raise the water temperature that animals drink up to 2.9 °C. The absence of cold stress decreases the dry matter intake and the CH₄ produced by ruminal fermentation. Moreover, lower GHG emissions are achieved as waste is treated through anaerobic digestion, which would likely be released into the environment if left untreated.

Emma Jane Rendle, Emily Louise Hunt, Anthony William James Bicknell

The extent of seabed licensed for offshore renewables is being expanded with the global requirement to reduce carbon emissions. The opportunity for Nature-based Solutions for restoration, conservation, mariculture, infrastructure protection, and carbon sequestration initiatives are being explored internationally. Co-location of marine renewable or structures with conservation initiatives offers the opportunity to support populations of threatened species and contribute to wider ecosystem services and benefits. Building on experience from a North Sea project, we explore the feasibility to co-locate bivalve species at offshore wind farms. We present a three-step approach to identify offshore wind farm sites with the potential to co-locate with compatible species within a marine licensed area, based on environmental and physical conditions and biological tolerances. These steps are, (1) information collection and data synthesis, (2) data analysis through site suitability and species compatibility assessments, and (3) numerical modelling approaches to test the feasibility of pilot studies and scale-up planned operations. This approach supports feasibility assessment by identification of sites where Nature-based Solution project success is more likely or certain, thereby reducing project costs and risk of failure. An example case study is provided using Gunfleet Sands offshore wind farm (southeast England) and the restoration and conservation of the commercially valuable European Flat Oyster (Ostrea edulis).