Hasil untuk "Drawing. Design. Illustration"

Shuai Jiang, Huiqin Li, Luowanyue Zhang et al.

Abstract High-quality schematic illustrations are fundamental to the publication of scientific achievements in biomedical research, which are crucial for effectively conveying complex biomedical concepts. However, creating such illustrations remains challenging for many researchers due to the need to devote a significant amount of time and effort to accomplish it. To address this need, we present the Generic Diagramming Platform (GDP, https://BioGDP.com), a comprehensive database of professionally crafted biomedical graphics (bio-graphics). Currently, GDP houses 7 562 high-quality bio-graphics, meticulously categorized into 10 major and 77 minor categories. To increase the design efficiency, GDP provides 204 customizable templates derived from an extensive review of over 2000 literature and 7 textbooks. With the interactive drawing platform and user-friendly web interface implemented in GDP, these resources can facilitate the efficient generation of publication-ready illustrations for the biomedical community. Additionally, GDP incorporates a collaborative submission system, allowing researchers to contribute their artwork, fostering a growing diagramming ecosystem, and ensuring continuous database expansion. Overall, we believe that GDP will serve as an invaluable platform, significantly enhancing the efficiency and quality of scientific illustration for biomedical researchers.

Zinan Zhang, Xinning Gui, Yubo Kou

Cooperative play (co-play) is often positioned as a family-beneficial practice that can strengthen parent-child bonds and support parental mediation in games. Yet co-play in user-generated virtual worlds (UGVWs) can be disrupted by real-time harms that parents cannot easily prevent. Roblox, a platform with millions of user-generated virtual worlds and a large child player base, illustrates this challenge. Prior work on harmful UGVW design highlights risks beyond content problems, including manipulative monetization prompts, unmoderated social interactions, emergent in-world behaviors, and narrative designs that may normalize harmful ideologies. Current governance and moderation approaches, largely adapted from social media, focus on static artifacts and often fail to capture interactive and emergent harms in virtual worlds. This workshop paper asks: how might UGVWs and their platforms be designed to minimize harms that specifically impair family co-play experiences?

Pawan Kumar, Hokeun Kim

Precision agriculture promises higher yields and sustainability, but adoption is slowed by the high cost of cyber-physical systems (CPS) and the lack of systematic design methods. We present a cost-aware design space exploration (DSE) framework for multimodal drone-rover platforms to integrate budget, energy, sensing, payload, computation, and communication constraints. Using integer linear programming (ILP) with SAT-based verification, our approach trades off among cost, coverage, and payload while ensuring constraint compliance and a multitude of alternatives. We conduct case studies on smaller and larger-sized farms to show that our method consistently achieves full coverage within budget while maximizing payload efficiency, outperforming state-of-the-art CPS DSE approaches.

Mahlu Mertens

Ever since the 1990s, Dutch and Flemish theatre for young audiences (TYA) has gained the reputation of being progressive and daring, with theatre makers tackling taboo topics including – but not limited to – rape, war, terrorism, and child murder. In recent years, however, the climate has been changing, and theatre makers observe that the pressure for (self-)censorship has increased. Manon van de Water (2012) points out that – as opposed to children’s literature – taboos in TYA have received almost no scholarly attention. This article explores how theatre as a form can be used to make what Peter Hunt (1997) called “invisible censorship” visible. Via a performance analysis of the 8+ play Hendrik IV – ongeschikt voor kinderen (“Hendrik IV – not suited for children”) I show how, in theatre, the copresence of audience and makers creates the possibility to put the spotlight on such invisible censoring processes and to give children a voice in censorship decisions that are usually taken for them. In this metatheatrical play a woman from The Bureau interrupts the actors during the performance, explaining that she was sent to check whether the work that is being performed is suited for eight-year-olds. Scene by scene, the actors negotiate and discuss with the representative whether – and if so, how – they are allowed to perform the next scene, and they regularly call on the children to voice their opinion. Throughout the play director Sanne Nouws searches for ways to address taboos like nudity, inappropriate language, and sex, without becoming taboo. After all, in order to be able to perform the work in the Netherlands, she has to stay within the limits of what stakeholders of TYA deem acceptable. I therefore argue that even though the play successfully questions the need for censorship, it simultaneously seems to submit to it by engaging in self-censorship.

R. Wegerif, Imogen Casebourne

Generative AI presents a profound challenge to the existing structures and purposes of education. It forces us to reconsider not only how we teach and learn but also, more fundamentally, what education is for. This conceptual paper argues that, in order to integrate AI into education in a way that can meet the major challenges facing humanity, ranging from ecological crisis to the future of democratic societies, we must reframe education. Drawing on the nature and potential of generative AI in conjunction with educational theory, we propose a double dialogic pedagogy that recognises education as both teaching thinking through dialogue and inducting students into participation in the long‐term powerful dialogues of culture. We relate this double dialogic pedagogy with AI to education for collective intelligence. This pedagogy positions AI not as a replacement for human thinking, but as a partner in expanding the space of dialogue. By articulating this theoretical foundation, we offer a basis for the future design of educational practices and technologies that can support human flourishing in an age of accelerating technological change. What is already known about this topic The rise of generative AI, particularly large language models, poses both opportunities and challenges for education. While existing research highlights AI's potential to support personalised learning through intelligent tutoring systems, concerns remain about its possible negative impact on students' critical and creative thinking. Previous studies have also noted the need for educational theory to keep pace with technological developments, yet little work has been done to articulate a pedagogical framework that addresses the broader societal and environmental challenges of the AI era. What this paper adds This paper proposes a double dialogic pedagogy as a theoretical foundation for integrating AI into educational design. It situates current developments in AI within a historical and philosophical context, drawing on dialogic theory and the concept of the pharmakon to argue that AI is neither inherently beneficial nor harmful, but depends on pedagogical framing. The paper advances the field by explicitly linking AI‐supported learning to education for collective intelligence, offering concrete illustrations of how AI can support both dialogic learning and induction into long‐term cultural dialogues. Implications for practice and/or policy This paper suggests that educational practice should shift from focusing on individual knowledge acquisition towards cultivating collective intelligence through dialogic pedagogy. Policymakers and educators are encouraged to design AI‐supported learning environments that promote collaborative problem‐solving and critical engagement with real‐world challenges, such as those posed by the Anthropocene. Assessment policies should be re‐evaluated to reward collaborative inquiry and ethical reasoning, rather than individual content reproduction. This reconceptualisation positions education as a key enabler of planetary‐level self‐regulation and human flourishing in the face of technological and environmental disruptions.

Bruno Rodrigues, Inês Ochoa, Agostinho Gomes

Calorimeters are a crucial component in modern particle detectors. They are responsible for providing accurate energy measurements of particles produced in high-energy collisions. The demanding requirements set for next-generation collider experiments impose new challenges on the design of new detectors, and a systematic approach to their optimization is increasingly necessary. The performance of calorimeters is primarily characterized by their energy resolution, parameterized by a stochastic and a constant term, related to sampling fluctuations and non-uniformities respectively. To improve the reconstruction quality of physics objects in the calorimeter, both terms need to be taken into account. Changes in a longitudinally constrained design usually result in a trade-off between these terms, making optimization a non-trivial task. This work focuses on the optimization of a hadronic sampling calorimeter, based on the FCC-ee ALLEGRO detector concept. By controlling the absorber layer thickness in a Geant4 simulation, the impact of the passive to active material proportion on the deposited energy distribution and resolution can be analyzed. Our methodology aims at exploring the design space with practical considerations, paving the way for the development of a closed optimization framework that can evaluate multiple designs against physics performance targets.

Shuvra S. Bhattacharyya, Marilyn Wolf

System-level design, once the province of board designers, has now become a central concern for chip designers. Because chip design is a less forgiving design medium -- design cycles are longer and mistakes are harder to correct -- system-on-chip designers need a more extensive tool suite than may be used by board designers and a variety of tools and methodologies have been developed for system-level design of systems-on-chips (SoCs). System-level design is less amenable to synthesis than are logic or physical design. As a result, system-level tools concentrate on modeling, simulation, design space exploration, and design verification. The goal of modeling is to correctly capture the system's operational semantics, which helps with both implementation and verification. The study of models of computation provides a framework for the description of digital systems. Not only do we need to understand a particular style of computation, such as dataflow, but we also need to understand how different models of computation can reliably communicate with each other. Design space exploration tools, such as hardware/software co-design, develop candidate designs to understand trade-offs. Simulation can be used not only to verify functional correctness but also to supply performance and power/energy information for design analysis. This chapter employs two applications -- video and neural networks -- as examples. Both are leading-edge applications that illustrate many important aspects of system-level design.

Ruizhe Chen, Dongyu Xue, Xiangxin Zhou et al.

Proteins typically exist in complexes, interacting with other proteins or biomolecules to perform their specific biological roles. Research on single-chain protein modeling has been extensively and deeply explored, with advancements seen in models like the series of ESM and AlphaFold2. Despite these developments, the study and modeling of multi-chain proteins remain largely uncharted, though they are vital for understanding biological functions. Recognizing the importance of these interactions, we introduce APM (All-Atom Protein Generative Model), a model specifically designed for modeling multi-chain proteins. By integrating atom-level information and leveraging data on multi-chain proteins, APM is capable of precisely modeling inter-chain interactions and designing protein complexes with binding capabilities from scratch. It also performs folding and inverse-folding tasks for multi-chain proteins. Moreover, APM demonstrates versatility in downstream applications: it achieves enhanced performance through supervised fine-tuning (SFT) while also supporting zero-shot sampling in certain tasks, achieving state-of-the-art results. We released our code at https://github.com/bytedance/apm.

Lukas Krupp, Ian O'Connor, Luca Benini et al.

The semiconductor industry is pivotal to Europe's economy, especially within the industrial and automotive sectors. However, Europe faces a significant shortfall in chip design capabilities, marked by a severe skilled labor shortage and lagging contributions in the design value chain segment. This paper explores the role of European universities and academic initiatives in enhancing chip design education and research to address these deficits. We provide a comprehensive overview of current European chip design initiatives, analyze major challenges in recruitment, productivity, technology access, and design enablement, and identify strategic opportunities to strengthen chip design capabilities within academic institutions. Our analysis leads to a series of recommendations that highlight the need for coordinated efforts and strategic investments to overcome these challenges.

Ahmed Allam, Youssef Mansour, Mohamed Shalan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in Register Transfer Level (RTL) design, enabling high-quality code generation from natural language descriptions. However, LLMs alone face significant limitations in real-world hardware design workflows, including the inability to execute code, lack of debugging capabilities, and absence of long-term memory. To address these challenges, we present ASIC-Agent, an autonomous system designed specifically for digital ASIC design tasks. ASIC-Agent enhances base LLMs with a multi-agent architecture incorporating specialized sub-agents for RTL generation, verification, OpenLane hardening, and Caravel chip integration, all operating within a comprehensive sandbox environment with access to essential hardware design tools. The system leverages a vector database containing documentation, API references, error knowledge, and curated insights from the open-source silicon community. To evaluate ASIC-Agent's performance, we introduce ASIC-Agent-Bench, the first benchmark specifically designed to assess agentic systems in hardware design tasks. We evaluate ASIC-Agent with various base LLMs, providing quantitative comparisons and qualitative insights into agent behavior across different design scenarios. Our results demonstrate that ASIC-Agent, when powered by Claude 4 Sonnet, successfully automates a broad range of ASIC design tasks spanning varying levels of complexity, showing the potential of significantly accelerating the ASIC design workflow.

Weize Liu, Yongchi Zhao, Yijia Luo et al.

Large language models (LLMs) perform strongly on many language tasks but still struggle with complex multi-step reasoning across disciplines. Existing reasoning datasets often lack disciplinary breadth, reasoning depth, and diversity, as well as guiding principles for question synthesis. We propose DESIGNER: a DESIGN-logic-guidEd Reasoning data synthesis pipeline that leverages naturally available, extensive raw documents to generate multidisciplinary questions. The central insight is the notion of Design Logic, a form of reusable meta-knowledge that encapsulates the structured process human experts use to transform knowledge into complex exam questions, enabling LLMs to generate new questions with the same complex reasoning patterns from entirely different source texts with explicit control over difficulty, diversity, and question types. We use LLMs to reverse-engineer and abstract over 120,000 Design Logics from existing questions across various disciplines. By designing a two-stage retrieve-and-generate mechanism to match these Design Logics with raw corpus, we synthesized two large-scale reasoning datasets that span 75 disciplines: DLR-Book (3.04 million questions from the book corpus) and DLR-Web (1.66 million questions from the web corpus). Data analysis indicates that the questions synthesized by our method exhibit greater difficulty and diversity compared to those in the baseline datasets. Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) on Qwen3 and Llama3 with our data substantially improves multidisciplinary reasoning and outperforms baseline datasets. Notably, by applying SFT on the base versions of these models using only our data, we even surpass their official final models that have undergone the full post-training.

Edoardo Dotto

Laura Carlevaris’s volume L’Ottica di Claudio Tolomeo nella storia della prospettiva (Claudius Ptolemy’s Optics in the history of perspective), published in 2024 by Edizioni Quasar of Rome –specialized in the fields of Antiquities and Archaeology– has been available since 2024 on the digital platform Torrossa, in digital format. [read more]

Paúl Esteban Barbecho-Asmal, Juan Carlos Calderón-Peñafiel

El confort térmico e higrotérmico influye en la salud y calidad de vida rural en Cuenca, donde viviendas precarias autoconstruidas carecen de aislamiento, ventilación y materiales adecuados, lo que agrava problemas sociales, ambientales y energéticos por condiciones climáticas adversas y limitaciones económicas. Este artículo de investigación tiene el objetivo de examinar el nivel de confort térmico e higrotérmico presente en el interior de las viviendas rurales localizadas en las parroquias El Valle y Paccha, pertenecientes al cantón Cuenca. Para ello, se consideran variables relacionadas con la temperatura ambiental, la humedad relativa, la circulación del aire, así como los materiales empleados y los sistemas constructivos predominantes. La investigación adopta un enfoque metodológico de carácter mixto, que combina la recolección de información numérica mediante mediciones físicas con la obtención de percepciones cualitativas a través de entrevistas realizadas a los habitantes. Los hallazgos alcanzados hacen posible valorar las condiciones actuales de habitabilidad y, a su vez, plantear directrices y alternativas orientadas a optimizar el confort térmico e higrotérmico en los espacios habitacionales estudiados.

S. P. Cherkashina

Introduction. The uniqueness of Tove Jansson’s persona lies in her dual role as both a writer and an artist who personally illustrated her own literary works, particularly the Moomin stories examined in this study. While Russian scholarship has so far focused solely on textual analysis of Jansson’s narratives, no dedicated studies have explored her illustrations. The aim of this study is to examine the correlation between the verbal component (expressed through occasionalisms) and iconic signs (represented by illustrations). The scholarly novelty of this work consists in investigating illustrations as elements of iconic code within the Moomin narratives. The article presents a methodological framework for analyzing drawings as iconic signs. Materials and Methods. The research material comprises Tove Jansson’s illustrations for the novellas from the Moomin series. The rationale for selecting this material lies in the opportunity to examine the methods of nominating fictional characters created by a writer from a distinct linguistic reality, as well as to determine the semantic peculiarities, functions, and nature of the interrelation between the illustrations and the verbal component. To analyze extratextual structures, the study employs a structural-semiotic method, alongside a distributional method, which enables the investigation of semantic relationships between words. The application of the phenomenological-hermeneutic method has made it possible to reveal the specifics of the author’s consciousness and objectively examine the meaning of the literary text. Results and Discussion. The analysis of Tove Jansson's illustrations depicting the Moomin family characters was conducted using an original model designed to reveal the interrelation between nonverbal and verbal components at the levels of expression (linguistic component), content (semantic dimension of the linguistic component), and representation (visual manifestation of the linguistic component) within a creolized text. The study revealed that the illustrations in the narratives lack semantic and structural autonomy, as they exist in complementary (mutually reinforcing) relations with the verbal component – specifically, nominative occasionalisms. The illustrations concretize their meaning, resolving the issue of ambiguous interpretation and contributing to textual conciseness. Conclusion. The findings obtained from the analysis of creolized texts by T. Jansson can be applied in teaching such disciplines as “Foreign Philology: Finnish Language and Literature” and “Literature of Scandinavia and Finland”.

Jiaze He, Jian Xiao, Yuanjie Cao et al.

Ray H. Malonjao, Juvy B. Malonjao, Ronald M. Galindo

This research determines the optimal rotary dryer design for banana waste drying with Biot number. When banana waste is adequately dried, it can be repurposed into valuable resources. Based on the proposed banana plant waste rotary dryer, drying efficiency is significantly improved compared to conventional dryers as attributed to design calculations and simulation. Here, the design process involves the three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design of individual parts, subassemblies, and main assembly, accompanied by detailed illustration drawings, and optimization of rotary dryer flight design. Biot number is crucial in the design calculations of the diameter and length of the dryer. The Design of Experiments (DoE) and computational fluid dynamics simulations are also used. Proper drying, facilitated by the proposed rotary dryer, enables efficient repurposing of banana waste into animal feed, biofuel, bioplastics, and other nanotechnology applications, contributing to sustainable waste management practices and a promising solution to environmental challenges.

H. Cui

Background: The term “hand-drawn art food packaging design” (HAFPD) refers to a novel and creative method of food package design that makes use of hand-drawn illustrations, typography, and graphi graphics. This kind of design technique allows for a more individual touch, giving the package a special feeling that might strike a more meaningful connection with customers. Materials and Methods: Hand-drawn art on food packaging is a powerful tool for brand identification and awareness since it helps communicate the company's values, personality, and history. When it comes to developing HAFPD, computer-aided design (CAD) may be a very useful tool. The study proposes a deep neural network (DNN)-based CAD system for HAFPD. Results: The approach blends conventional hand-drawing processes with modern digital tools to empower designers to produce package designs that are both aesthetically pleasing and practically viable. Conclusion: To track duration statistics for watch design using CAD software, designers can use a time-tracking tool or plugin. These tools can track the time spent on different tasks, such as sketching, modeling, rendering, and refining the design in food packaging. The proposed technique offers designers an effective and simple way to produce distinctive food packaging designs while preserving the authenticity of hand-drawn artwork.

Bambang Tri Rahadian, Johanes Park

Sketching is a technique conducted as the first phase of creating an artwork and design. As an activity that is carried out at the beginning of the creation, sketching activities are often overlooked and are considered not necessary to be stored or even appropriately mastered. This argument is based on the assumption that the main purpose of making artwork and design is only for the final result. This research traces back the important role of the sketching process in education in the Visual Communication Design Study Program (DKV). The method applied in this research is a descriptive qualitative method In the scope of phenomenological hermeneutics, which is a method to describe a natural or man-made situation or phenomenon. For providing a description, literature reviews, documentation, an interview, and observation into urban sketcher community members. Through this research, it can be presented that the Urban Sketcher Manifesto can be applied in sketch drawing materials within the scope of academic learning. The benefits of the Urban Sketcher Manifesto to students include the ability to capture dynamic atmospheres with perspective determination, observe the organic gestures of living creatures, practice drawing spontaneously, effectively, and efficiently, and become accustomed to annotating drawings and storytelling through sketches. The results of implementing the Urban Sketcher Manifesto in course materials for students include strength in lines, understanding of composition, the grasp of impressions rather than reality, and good coordination between mind and hand. In this research, sketching is repositioned as a process that cannot be ignored in the work of drawing illustrations or visual designs. In sketch drawings, the benefits can also be seen in various interactions experienced, such as interactions among fellow students, interactions with localresidents, interactions with the atmosphere of the location, and interactions with the observed objects. The result of the research is expected to engage discourses for up-to-date Visual Communication Design education

Qiang Zou, Guoyue Luo

Microstructures, characterized by intricate structures at the microscopic scale, hold the promise of important disruptions in the field of mechanical engineering due to the superior mechanical properties they offer. One fundamental technique of microstructure design and manufacturing is geometric modeling, which generates the 3D computer models required to run high-level procedures such as simulation, optimization, and process planning. There is, however, a lack of comprehensive discussions on this body of knowledge. The goal of this paper is to compile existing microstructure modeling methods and clarify the challenges, progress, and limitations of current research. It also concludes with future research directions that may improve and/or complement current methods, such as compressive and generative microstructure representations. By doing so, the paper sheds light on what has already been made possible for microstructure modeling, what developments can be expected in the near future, and which topics remain problematic.

Sai Krishna Revanth Vuruma, Ashley Margetts, Jianhai Su et al.

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) has shown tremendous prospects in all aspects of technology, including design. However, due to its heavy demand on resources, it is usually trained on large computing infrastructure and often made available as a cloud-based service. In this position paper, we consider the potential, challenges, and promising approaches for generative AI for design on the edge, i.e., in resource-constrained settings where memory, compute, energy (battery) and network connectivity may be limited. Adapting generative AI for such settings involves overcoming significant hurdles, primarily in how to streamline complex models to function efficiently in low-resource environments. This necessitates innovative approaches in model compression, efficient algorithmic design, and perhaps even leveraging edge computing. The objective is to harness the power of generative AI in creating bespoke solutions for design problems, such as medical interventions, farm equipment maintenance, and educational material design, tailored to the unique constraints and needs of remote areas. These efforts could democratize access to advanced technology and foster sustainable development, ensuring universal accessibility and environmental consideration of AI-driven design benefits.