Hasil untuk "Details in building design and construction. Including walls, roofs"

Atthaillah, Rizki A. Mangkuto, Andik Bintoro

This study examines the daylighting performance of a classroom with bilateral opening typology and an adjacent building on one side. The openings are located on the east and west sides of the classroom, with the adjacent building situated on the west side. The case selection is based on the observation that many Indonesian urban classrooms are often blocked from daylight by the adjacent building. Accordingly, this study examines the optimal design for annual visual comfort and daylighting performance criteria for such cases, which are prevalent in the tropical regions of Indonesia. To achieve this, computational simulation was conducted. The model was constructed using Ladybug Tools, while the annual visual comfort and daylight simulation was performed simultaneously using Radiance under Grasshopper. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the most significant façade design variables, including external horizontal shading depth, shading elevation, window-to-wall ratio (WWR), and distance to the adjacent building on a bilateral opening typology classroom. The most optimal design was obtained from multilinear regression prediction model based on 5,731 simulation samples. The three most influential design variables on the annual visual comfort and direct sunlight are the horizontal shading depth, shading elevation, and WWR on the east facade. The optimal design solution for the horizontal shading depth, shading elevation, and window-to-wall ratio (WWR) on the east and west façades have similar values of 2.6 m, 2.7 m, and 10%, respectively. The distance to adjacent buildings is recommended to be maintained at 0.5 m from the edge of the external shading on the west side.

Anna Yunitsyna, Esi Sulaj

Building design is a product of multiple factors, such as concept and aesthetics, building materials and technologies, environmental conditions, and daylight requirements of the inner spaces. Biomimicry is an innovative approach that is used for the design of adaptable kinetic façade systems that can emulate the behavior of living organisms and provide an optimal solution to reduce heat gain and visual discomfort. This research is focused on the evaluation of the daylight performance of the south-facing architectural studios of the university building and the further proposal of a parametric shading system that emulates nature-based behavior. The study proposes multiple scenarios of kinetic façade behavior based on different degrees of openness and location of the shading elements. Computational simulations are used to evaluate visual comfort and find the solution that increases the use of natural light and provides visual comfort in the studios. The study considers the range of activities performed by architecture students, such as modeling, drawing, reading, writing, and computer use. As a result, several scenarios are selected, providing façade design that varies depending on the season and classroom.

Sana’a Al-Rqaibat, Mayyadah Al-Khdairat, Luna Hamad et al.

This study examines the daylighting performance of parametric Mashrabiya-inspired shading devices in a Mediterranean climate, aiming to enhance occupant comfort and visual performance. Using Grasshopper/Rhinoceros for motif design and Climate Studio for annual daylight simulations, 21 shading patterns were evaluated by varying opening ratios (30%, 50%, 70%), depth angles (30°, 45°, 90°), and directions. Metrics such as Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI), spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA), and Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE) were used for performance assessment. Four scenarios with a 50% opening ratio and either downward or eastward-facing depths achieved balanced daylight sufficiency, with sDA values between 57.4% and 65.3%, ASE values from 0.5% to 7.4%, and UDI-a between 54% and 61.5%. The study highlights the potential of combining traditional Mashrabiya with modern parametric design to create energy-efficient, culturally responsive façades. Future research should explore in-situ validation and kinetic Mashrabiya systems for dynamic daylight control.

Neeraj Deshmukh, Felix Sefzig

In this article, we give a construction of the (un-)stable motivic homotopy category of an algebraic stack in the spirit of Morel-Voevodsky. We prove that this new construction agrees with the stable motivic homotopy category defined by Chowdhury and D'Angelo. As an application, we extend Bachmann's spectral rigidity theorem to algebraic stacks. Moreover, we extend the construction of the framed motivic homotopy category to algebraic stacks and prove Hoyois' Reconstruction Theorem in this setting. Finally, we discuss an extension of the formalism of cocomplete coefficient systems à la Drew-Gallauer to algebraic stacks.

Ahmed Allam, Youssef Mansour, Mohamed Shalan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in Register Transfer Level (RTL) design, enabling high-quality code generation from natural language descriptions. However, LLMs alone face significant limitations in real-world hardware design workflows, including the inability to execute code, lack of debugging capabilities, and absence of long-term memory. To address these challenges, we present ASIC-Agent, an autonomous system designed specifically for digital ASIC design tasks. ASIC-Agent enhances base LLMs with a multi-agent architecture incorporating specialized sub-agents for RTL generation, verification, OpenLane hardening, and Caravel chip integration, all operating within a comprehensive sandbox environment with access to essential hardware design tools. The system leverages a vector database containing documentation, API references, error knowledge, and curated insights from the open-source silicon community. To evaluate ASIC-Agent's performance, we introduce ASIC-Agent-Bench, the first benchmark specifically designed to assess agentic systems in hardware design tasks. We evaluate ASIC-Agent with various base LLMs, providing quantitative comparisons and qualitative insights into agent behavior across different design scenarios. Our results demonstrate that ASIC-Agent, when powered by Claude 4 Sonnet, successfully automates a broad range of ASIC design tasks spanning varying levels of complexity, showing the potential of significantly accelerating the ASIC design workflow.

Eman Mayah

This study evaluates the availability of daylight inside a university’s dining halls over two days (one sunny and one cloudy) using light meters in real-life sittings. Quantitative monitoring was conducted for horizontal and vertical illuminance levels (HILs and VILs) derived from daylight inside of the dining halls and outside under an unobstructed sky, along with monitoring of the illuminance levels of the artificial light inside. The results are discussed in relation to the minimum recommended HIL value in dining halls of educational buildings (150 lux) set by the Jordanian National Construction Constitution’s lighting code. Further, a questionnaire was conducted with 239 students and employees to evaluate daylight and artificial light from the user’s perspective of the dining halls. HIL, as a dependent variable, was found to vary between the two examined halls, which had different façade fenestrations and hall characteristics. The analysis found that, within the halls, only the area within a 2-metre distance from the north- and west-oriented windows complied with the recommended value, except at breakfast time on a cloudy day. The middle and deepest areas of both halls were significantly lacking in daylight on both cloudy and sunny days. The subjective mean evaluation corresponds with the daylight VILs but contradicts the artificial illuminance levels. As such, subjective needs and preferences may not correspond with objective measurements. This study opens a new path of daylighting research for a largely neglected space: foodservice halls in educational buildings.

Doris A. Chi

This paper evaluates how design adjustments applied to roller shades and louvres (namely the height of the shadings head and the angles of the louvre slats) can improve their annual and spatial effectiveness to provide autonomous daylight levels, reduce daylight glare problems, and offer views outside. The strategies were analogous to the rule of thumb that relates the window head height with the depth of daylight penetration. Climate-based daylight simulations were performed to calculate the Useful Daylight Illuminance, spatial Disturbing Glare, and View Factors in a classroom located at a 19° latitude. Temporal maps were included to assess the shadings’ performance not only over space but also over time. Results showed that roller shades performed better when they were applied letting the top of the window clear. On the contrary, louvres performed better when they covered the entire glazing. It is concluded that simple design adjustments can greatly improve the daylight and visual performance in buildings.

Yasmine Mahmoud Saad Abdelhamid, Sherine M. Wahba, Mennat-Allah ElHusseiny

Parametric design is one of the thriving contemporary architectural treatments that not only has an influence on the design of building envelopes but is capable of affecting the users physically and psychologically. The efficiency of the daylight resulting from the facade is greatly affected by the envelope’s perforation shapes, sizes, and distribution. This research builds upon a prior study which investigated the effect of Parametric Patterned Façade on daylight performance, quality, and visual comfort concluding with the choice of the highest-performing pattern for daylight metrics. The chosen pattern is the “Triangles Pattern” which was put in situ where the field experiment took place. The current study analyzed the effect of illuminance, and illuminance distribution resulting from the parametric patterned facade on architecture students’ mood and task performance in the setting of an architecture studio-based tutoring. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were adopted; quantitative through the utilization of a Spatial Ability Test to assess students’ task performance, and qualitative through a self-reporting mood assessment, and subjective daylight perception questionnaire. The analysis was conducted through three types of tests to investigate the research hypothesis; statistical analysis of hypothesis (t-test), PANAS schedule for mood assessment, and comparative analysis of the subjective questionnaire between the base case condition and the parametric patterned façade condition. The results of paired sample study indicated that the students’ performance was enhanced after the exposure to the second condition (PPF condition) over the first (BC condition). Also, for the NA assessment, both PANAS assessment and t-test analysis results showed a difference in means between the two conditions indicating that there was an enhancement of the NA. Finally, a framework is proposed for the utilization of a Parametric Patterned façade in an educational setting. The implications of this experiment inform architects of the importance of daylighting techniques to enrich the educational environment, and how to establish a research methodology for the enhancement of daylight design using both technical and psychological approaches.

Emani Dotch, Vitica Arnold

We explore ideas and inclusive practices for designing and testing child-centered artificially intelligent technologies for neurodivergent children. AI is promising for supporting social communication, self-regulation, and sensory processing challenges common for neurodivergent children. The authors, both neurodivergent individuals and related to neurodivergent people, draw from their professional and personal experiences to offer insights on creating AI technologies that are accessible and include input from neurodivergent children. We offer ideas for designing AI technologies for neurodivergent children and considerations for including them in the design process while accounting for their sensory sensitivities. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of adaptable and supportive AI technologies and design processes and call for further conversation to refine child-centered AI design and testing methods.

Sai Krishna Revanth Vuruma, Ashley Margetts, Jianhai Su et al.

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) has shown tremendous prospects in all aspects of technology, including design. However, due to its heavy demand on resources, it is usually trained on large computing infrastructure and often made available as a cloud-based service. In this position paper, we consider the potential, challenges, and promising approaches for generative AI for design on the edge, i.e., in resource-constrained settings where memory, compute, energy (battery) and network connectivity may be limited. Adapting generative AI for such settings involves overcoming significant hurdles, primarily in how to streamline complex models to function efficiently in low-resource environments. This necessitates innovative approaches in model compression, efficient algorithmic design, and perhaps even leveraging edge computing. The objective is to harness the power of generative AI in creating bespoke solutions for design problems, such as medical interventions, farm equipment maintenance, and educational material design, tailored to the unique constraints and needs of remote areas. These efforts could democratize access to advanced technology and foster sustainable development, ensuring universal accessibility and environmental consideration of AI-driven design benefits.

Oktavianus Kristian Buntaran, Tessa Eka Darmayanti

Boarding houses or what are often known as boarding houses are buildings that are definitely frequent and often found around campuses, especially in urban areas. A boarding house is a residential or residential building that is intended to be able to accommodate individual residents who are able to accommodate many residents. This causes the boarding house to be one of the buildings that consumes a lot of energy, is prone to generate a lot of waste, and is one of the buildings that is prone to causing environmental problems or global warming. That is why it is important for a boarding house to apply the concept of sustainable design. One of the boarding houses in the city of Bandung is Home Sweet Home which is located around the Maranatha Christian University campus. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of sustainable development principles to Home Sweet Home boarding houses. It is also hoped that this paper can help readers understand how important it is to apply the concept of sustainable design to residential buildings, especially boarding houses. The method used to collect data in writing this article is a qualitative method using a case study theory approach. The result of data analysis from writing this article is that the Home Sweet Home boarding house is a residential building that has not yet implemented a sustainable design. This also shows that there are still many boarding houses or residential buildings in big cities in Indonesia that have not yet implemented the concept of sustainable design.

Wiro Krisman Halawa, Rahmadhani Fitri, Novalinda

Art galleries are a place for art lovers who are used as a medium of interaction between artists and art connoisseurs. In the city of Medan there are communities of art lovers that are possible to develop. However, these communities cannot develop because of the activities carried out separately. The Medan art gallery will be a solution to the problem of the limitations of art lovers in the city of Medan. The purpose of this study is to examine the Medan Fine Art Gallery with an approach to the elements of Neo-Vernacular Architecture and develop it in a more modern form. In the design of the Medan Fine Arts Gallery, there are three main functions, namely without the visual arts communities in the city of Medan, Wadah trades the works of Medan children, and develops a creative economy which includes applying elements of the Neo-vernacular Architecture theme. This theme can be a basic reference in design as well as a unique value that displays the overall design result. The theme approach will produce a modern form but still have local cultural values. The concept is "Batak Traditional House and Ulos Fabric motif" which is one of Medan's cultural icons. Overall the building characterizes predetermined themes and concepts. A combination of themes and concepts that will produce a modern form but still apply local cultural values.

Anna Yunitsyna, Amadea Toska

The daylight in classrooms is a crucial aspect that affects the quality of the learning environment and the overall performance of the students. Visual arts, such as painting, sculpture, carving, textile design and photography, require specific lighting conditions, which are different from the regular classroom standards. Due to the limited number of studies in this area, it is necessary to examine the specificities of different types of visual arts and to provide specific design guidelines for lighting enhancement. This study focuses on the evaluation of the daylight performance of the classrooms of the “Jordan Misja” art school located in Tirana, Albania. The research methodology begins with the site survey and observations. Ten art studios are selected, including painting, sculpture, scenography, photography, textiles, carving, drawing, and mixed arts. Further, computational simulations including the illuminance, daylight factor and the glare are conducted in order to evaluate the daylight performance. The daylight satisfaction survey is focused on the visual comfort, glare, usage of artificial light and light control strategies. Based on that, the generalized standards for the arts and crafts studios are revised and specific design strategies and daylight control guidelines are suggested for different types of arts.

adli nadia, Della Clarissa

Ramps as part of the inclusion design have been implemented in various spaces and public service buildings in Jakarta. In addition to facilitating accessibility for persons with disabilities, ramps also play a role in building a sense of equality in the social aspects of society. However, even though ramps have been attempted to be present in most public service buildings, the quality and consistency of the application of laws and regulations and the perception of equality among users have never been studied further. This research will involve 17 Kelurahan offices in West Jakarta and will be measured by 10 design criteria from PERMEN no 30/PRT/M/2006 Technical Guidelines for Facilities and Accessibility in Buildings and the Environment. Research method applied in this study involved direct observation and empirical measurement and involved 5 people with disabilities to build a narrative perception of equality. This study aims to reveal the actual condition of the ramp in Kelurahan offices and the consistency of its application to SNI. In addition, this study also aims to explain the importance of involving communities with disabilities in the planning, monitoring and evaluation phases of ramps as a means of accessibility in public service buildings in the future.

Kevin Ma, Daniele Grandi, Christopher McComb et al.

Concept generation is a creative step in the conceptual design phase, where designers often turn to brainstorming, mindmapping, or crowdsourcing design ideas to complement their own knowledge of the domain. Recent advances in natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) have led to the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) capable of generating seemingly creative outputs from textual prompts. The success of these models has led to their integration and application across a variety of domains, including art, entertainment, and other creative work. In this paper, we leverage LLMs to generate solutions for a set of 12 design problems and compare them to a baseline of crowdsourced solutions. We evaluate the differences between generated and crowdsourced design solutions through multiple perspectives, including human expert evaluations and computational metrics. Expert evaluations indicate that the LLM-generated solutions have higher average feasibility and usefulness while the crowdsourced solutions have more novelty. We experiment with prompt engineering and find that leveraging few-shot learning can lead to the generation of solutions that are more similar to the crowdsourced solutions. These findings provide insight into the quality of design solutions generated with LLMs and begins to evaluate prompt engineering techniques that could be leveraged by practitioners to generate higher-quality design solutions synergistically with LLMs.

Li Li, Qingqing Li, Guozheng Xu et al.

Roof plane segmentation from airborne LiDAR point clouds is an important technology for 3D building model reconstruction. One of the key issues of plane segmentation is how to design powerful features that can exactly distinguish adjacent planar patches. The quality of point feature directly determines the accuracy of roof plane segmentation. Most of existing approaches use handcrafted features to extract roof planes. However, the abilities of these features are relatively low, especially in boundary area. To solve this problem, we propose a boundary-aware point clustering approach in Euclidean and embedding spaces constructed by a multi-task deep network for roof plane segmentation. We design a three-branch network to predict semantic labels, point offsets and extract deep embedding features. In the first branch, we classify the input data as non-roof, boundary and plane points. In the second branch, we predict point offsets for shifting each point toward its respective instance center. In the third branch, we constrain that points of the same plane instance should have the similar embeddings. We aim to ensure that points of the same plane instance are close as much as possible in both Euclidean and embedding spaces. However, although deep network has strong feature representative ability, it is still hard to accurately distinguish points near plane instance boundary. Therefore, we first group plane points into many clusters in the two spaces, and then we assign the rest boundary points to their closest clusters to generate final complete roof planes. In this way, we can effectively reduce the influence of unreliable boundary points. In addition, we prepare a synthetic dataset and two real datasets to train and evaluate our approach. The experiments results show that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the existing state-of-the-art approaches.

Amilcare Porporato, Lamberto Rondoni

For 1D Hamiltonian systems with periodic solutions, Helmholtz formalism provides a tantalizing interpretation of classical thermodynamics, based on time integrals of purely mechanical quantities and without need of statistical description. Here we extend this approach to include heat flux and pressure at the walls, thereby enabling it to describe actual thermodynamic transformations, such as isothermal compressions and expansions. The presence of hard walls, which gives rise to non zero pressure, is justified by means of the virial theorem, while the heat fluxes are introduced as quasi-static limits of suitably thermostatted Hamiltonians. Particular attention is paid to generalizing the minimalist cases of the harmonic oscillator and elastic bouncer, which afford clear physical interpretations. With such extensions, a complete picture of thermodynamics emerges, amenable to cyclic transformations capable of producing mechanical work from heat, like the Carnot cycle.

Felix Wiesner, Rory Hadden, Susan Deeny et al.

Destia Farahdina, Dina Purnama

Riverside settlement in the Lower Badur Bawah area, precisely along the deli river in Hamdan village, Medan Maimoon sub-district , are one of the slum settlements being unorganized and densely populatade and the disposal of household waste water is not in place which makes this area prone to slum. Therefore, it is necessary to revitalize the area with land consolidation method in order to create a healthy and comfortable encironmental area in accordance with the social, economic, and cultural conditions of the surrounding community but do not forget the regulations that apply in the city of Medan. This research was conducted by conducting interviews with stakeholders and field observations by observing the behavior and activities of the residents of Badur bawah to produce a physical desription of the exixting settlements. Based on the results of observations, it was found that the characteristics of residential residents showed the orientation of the building back to the river, the lack of sewerage and the lack of public space and open space areas. The solution to the existing problems through consolidation of regional land by providing decent housing in accordance with the needs and income of the population and utilizing the river border as a open space that can be used as an area of social activity between residents to strengthen a sense of togetherness so that a sense of protecting, maintaining security and evironmental comfort, especially the cleanliness of the Deli river.

lintang pangesti, Muhd Arief Al Husaini, Gun Faisal

Berkembangnya Industri kreatif terutama pada bidang animasi semakin banyak dan semakin meluas. Penggunaan animasi kini telah mencangkup ke seluruh bidang, mulai dari dunia hiburan, pendidikan, dan kini animasi juga banyak dipakai dalam dunia bisnis sebagai media untuk mempromosikan barang dan jasanya. Perkembangan minat masyarakat Pekanbaru terhadap dunia animasi belum terlalu dapat dilihat. Untuk dapat meningkatkan minat masyarakat terhadap animasi maka dibutuhkanlah sebuah wadah yang dapat menampung keahlian serta kreativitas animator untuk bekerja sesuai dengan bidang yang dikuasainya yaitu animasi. Perancangan Studio Animasi ini berada di kota Pekanbaru ini berfungsi sebagai rumah produksidan kantor. Metode prinsip desain Norman Foster merupakan pendekatan yang digunakan sebagai sebuah solusi dalam merancang bangunan yang memiliki fleksibilitas ruang, penggunaan bentuk struktur yang menarik, dan tentunya mengikuti perkembangan teknologi yang nantinya akan sejalan dengan fungsi bangunan yaitu Studio Animasi.