Hasil untuk "Cadastral mapping"

Hongji Liu, Linwei Zheng, Yongjian Li et al.

In this study, we present a low-cost and unified framework for vectorized road mapping leveraging enhanced inverse perspective mapping (IPM). In this framework, Catmull-Rom splines are utilized to characterize lane lines, and all the other ground markings are depicted using polygons uniformly. The results from instance segmentation serve as references to refine the three-dimensional position of spline control points and polygon corner points. In conjunction with this process, the homography matrix of IPM and vehicle poses are optimized simultaneously. Our proposed framework significantly reduces the mapping errors associated with IPM. It also improves the accuracy of the initial IPM homography matrix and the predicted vehicle poses. Furthermore, it addresses the limitations imposed by the coplanarity assumption in IPM. These enhancements enable IPM to be effectively applied to vectorized road mapping, which serves a cost-effective solution with enhanced accuracy. In addition, our framework generalizes road map elements to include all common ground markings and lane lines. The proposed framework is evaluated in two different practical scenarios, and the test results show that our method can automatically generate high-precision maps with near-centimeter-level accuracy. Importantly, the optimized IPM matrix achieves an accuracy comparable to that of manual calibration, while the accuracy of vehicle poses is also significantly improved.

Orhun Soydan, Mertkan Fahrettin Tekinalp

This study develops a GIS-based, heritage-sensitive urban lighting framework for Niğde, Türkiye, integrating Sentinel-2 MSI Level-2A imagery (10 m), ASTER DEM, and municipal cadastral data. Five spatial criteria—land cover, parks, protected heritage assets, population distribution, and government institutions—were classified through supervised mapping, visibility analysis, and architectural integrity assessment. All layers were standardized and combined using a weighted-overlay approach, supported by sensitivity testing across three weighting scenarios to ensure model robustness. Priority zones are concentrated in the historic core, where cultural landmarks, central parks, and high-density residential areas overlap. Peripheral agricultural and rural zones exhibited minimal lighting needs. Field verification and expert consultation demonstrated 82% correspondence between modeled and observed priority and visibility patterns, while a structured nighttime audit and ecological checklist provided additional empirical grounding for lighting sufficiency, glare risks, and biodiversity considerations. Results emphasize context-specific lighting that strengthens cultural identity, improves pedestrian comfort and nighttime legibility, and reduces unnecessary energy use and light pollution. This approach offers a replicable workflow aligned with CIE 150:2017 and IES RP-8-18 guidance. Future work may incorporate dynamic population mobility, AHP-based weighting, and adaptive smart-lighting systems to scale the methodology across similar medium-sized heritage cities seeking balanced aesthetic, cultural, and ecological nighttime environments.

Edoardo Carlucci

Interview with Guido Levrini, already ESA Programme Manager for the IRIDE Constellation.

Donato Tufillaro

The availability of low-cost GNSS receivers opens up new possibilities for performing precision topographic surveys. To achieve acceptable survey precision, it is necessary to use the services provided by a network of permanent stations. The services consist of a stream of differential correction data of the detected positions, transmitted in the RTCM format (Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services, international standard) which are received through the NTRIP protocol following an authenticated connection to the network site.

David Clausen, Xiang Tang, Li-Sheng Tseng

On a smooth manifold, we associate to any closed differential form a mapping cone complex. The cohomology of this mapping cone complex can vary with the de Rham cohomology class of the closed form. We present a novel Morse theoretical description for the mapping cone cohomology. Specifically, we introduce a Morse complex for the mapping cone complex which is generated by pairs of critical points with the differential defined by gradient flows and an integration of the closed form over spaces of gradient flow lines. We prove that the cohomology of our cone Morse complex is isomorphic to the mapping cone cohomology and hence independent of both the Riemannian metric and the Morse function used to define the complex. We also obtain sharp inequalities that bound the dimension of the mapping cone cohomology in terms of the number of Morse critical points and the properties of the specified closed form. Our results are widely applicable, especially for any manifold equipped with a geometric structure described by a closed differential form. We also obtain a bound on the difference between the number of Morse critical points and the Betti numbers.

Xiangcheng Hu, Jin Wu, Jianhao Jiao et al.

Large-scale multi-session LiDAR mapping is crucial for various applications but still faces significant challenges in data redundancy, memory consumption, and efficiency. This paper presents MS-Mapping, a novel multi-session LiDAR mapping system that incorporates an incremental mapping scheme to enable efficient map assembly in large-scale environments. To address the data redundancy and improve graph optimization efficiency caused by the vast amount of point cloud data, we introduce a real-time keyframe selection method based on the Wasserstein distance. Our approach formulates the LiDAR point cloud keyframe selection problem using a similarity method based on Gaussian mixture models (GMM) and addresses the real-time challenge by employing an incremental voxel update method. To facilitate further research and development in the community, we make our code\footnote{https://github.com/JokerJohn/MS-Mapping} and datasets publicly available.

Tongyan Hua, Haotian Bai, Zidong Cao et al.

In this paper, we introduce Hi-Map, a novel monocular dense mapping approach based on Neural Radiance Field (NeRF). Hi-Map is exceptional in its capacity to achieve efficient and high-fidelity mapping using only posed RGB inputs. Our method eliminates the need for external depth priors derived from e.g., a depth estimation model. Our key idea is to represent the scene as a hierarchical feature grid that encodes the radiance and then factorizes it into feature planes and vectors. As such, the scene representation becomes simpler and more generalizable for fast and smooth convergence on new observations. This allows for efficient computation while alleviating noise patterns by reducing the complexity of the scene representation. Buttressed by the hierarchical factorized representation, we leverage the Sign Distance Field (SDF) as a proxy of rendering for inferring the volume density, demonstrating high mapping fidelity. Moreover, we introduce a dual-path encoding strategy to strengthen the photometric cues and further boost the mapping quality, especially for the distant and textureless regions. Extensive experiments demonstrate our method's superiority in geometric and textural accuracy over the state-of-the-art NeRF-based monocular mapping methods.

Marco Livesu

We present Advancing Front Mapping (AFM), a provably robust algorithm for the computation of surface mappings to simple base domains. Given an input mesh and a convex or star-shaped target domain, AFM installs a (possibly refined) version of the input connectivity into the target shape, generating a piece-wise linear mapping between them. The algorithm is inspired by the advancing front meshing paradigm, which is revisited to operate on two embeddings at once, thus becoming a tool for compatible mesh generation. AFM extends the capabilities of existing robust approaches, such as Tutte or Progressive Embedding, by providing the same theoretical guarantees of injectivity and at the same time introducing two key advantages: support for a broader set of target domains (star-shaped polygons) and local mesh refinement, which is used to automatically open the space of solutions in case a valid mapping to the target domain does not exist. AFM relies solely on two topological operators (split and flip), and on the computation of segment intersections, thus permitting to compute provably injective mappings without solving any numerical problem. This makes the algorithm predictable, easy to implement, debug and deploy. We validated the capabilities of AFM extensively, executing more than one billion advancing front moves on 36K mapping tasks, proving that our theoretical guarantees nicely transition to a robust and practical implementation.

Blake Gerard, Martin Kong

One of the key compilation steps in Quantum Computing (QC) is to determine an initial logical to physical mapping of the qubits used in a quantum circuit. The impact of the starting qubit layout can vastly affect later scheduling and placement decisions of QASM operations, yielding higher values on critical performance metrics (gate count and circuit depth) as a result of quantum compilers introducing SWAP operations to meet the underlying physical neighboring and connectivity constraints of the quantum device. In this paper we introduce a novel qubit mapping approach, string-based qubit mapping. The key insight is to prioritize the mapping of logical qubits that appear in longest repeating non-overlapping substrings of qubit pairs accessed. This mapping method is complemented by allocating qubits according to their global frequency usage. We evaluate and compare our new mapping scheme against two quantum compilers (QISKIT and TKET) and two device topologies, the IBM Manhattan (65 qubits) and the IBM Kolkata (27 qubits). Our results demonstrate that combining both mapping mechanisms often achieve better results than either one individually, allowing us to best QISKIT and TKET baselines, yielding between 13% and 17% average improvement in several group sizes, up to 32% circuit depth reduction and 63% gate volume improvement.

Thomas Gruber, Jonas Ågren, Detlef Angermann et al.

Traditionally, sea level is observed at tide gauge stations, which usually also serve as height reference stations for national leveling networks and therefore define a height system of a country. One of the main deficiencies to use tide gauge data for geodetic sea level research and height systems unification is that only a few stations are connected to the geometric network of a country by operating permanent GNSS receivers next to the tide gauge. As a new observation technique, absolute positioning by SAR using active transponders on ground can fill this gap by systematically observing time series of geometric heights at tide gauge stations. By additionally knowing the tide gauge geoid heights in a global height reference frame, one can finally obtain absolute sea level heights at each tide gauge. With this information the impact of climate change on the sea level can be quantified in an absolute manner and height systems can be connected across the oceans. First results from applying this technique at selected tide gauges at the Baltic coasts are promising but also exhibit some problems related to the new technique. The paper presents the concept of using the new observation type in an integrated sea level observing system and provides some early results for SAR positioning in the Baltic sea area.

Peter Karkus, Anelia Angelova, Vincent Vanhoucke et al.

Mapping and localization, preferably from a small number of observations, are fundamental tasks in robotics. We address these tasks by combining spatial structure (differentiable mapping) and end-to-end learning in a novel neural network architecture: the Differentiable Mapping Network (DMN). The DMN constructs a spatially structured view-embedding map and uses it for subsequent visual localization with a particle filter. Since the DMN architecture is end-to-end differentiable, we can jointly learn the map representation and localization using gradient descent. We apply the DMN to sparse visual localization, where a robot needs to localize in a new environment with respect to a small number of images from known viewpoints. We evaluate the DMN using simulated environments and a challenging real-world Street View dataset. We find that the DMN learns effective map representations for visual localization. The benefit of spatial structure increases with larger environments, more viewpoints for mapping, and when training data is scarce. Project website: http://sites.google.com/view/differentiable-mapping

Massimiliano Moraca, Antonio Pepe

At the half of July 2017, a big wildfire destroys a large area of Vesuvio and Mount Somma in the Vesuvio National Park. In this work, we have used Landsat8 multispectral set of images to study the area before and after the fire. We have used tiles of 05-05-2017 and 24-07-2017. On the set of the images, we have applied the DOS for pass from TOA (Top Of the Atmosphere) to BOA (Bottom Of the Atmosphere). After this correction, we have applied the Pansharpening with the aim of improving images resolution from 30m/px to 15m/px. Therefore we have estimate NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), NBR (Normalized Burn Ratio) and temperature of the ground before and after the fire.

Marco Lisi

Galileo and Copernicus are not only flagship technology programs of the European Union: they can be the ambassadors of European cooperation in other continents, an effective opportunity for growth and development together. On February 14th and 15th this year, a post-graduate course on satellites technologies and applications was held in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, at the Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña (UNPHU).

Rachele Grosso, Francesco Prizzon, Manuela Rebaudengo

The market of public contracts feeds most of the national construction market, with important consequences on the country’s professional and production associations, which have been suffering for a crisis that has now lasted for over 10 years. When the competition level rises, businesses increase rebates, with important repercussions for Public Administration on the stability of the subject matter of the contract, be it work, services or supply. After the new Code of Public Contracts was issued in 2016, and after the subsequent corrective measures of 2017 and the numerous ANAC Guidelines, the public consultation on the Code that recently came to an end demonstrated Italy’s interest in unlocking this situation and understanding the issues of the stakeholders that operate in this sector. Within this general framework, the aim of this article is to address in depth one of the more debated topics – the anomaly of the supply – and to highlight the impacts that the relevant regulations have on the way calls for tenders are carried out. The phenomenon will be presented and described both in terms of national legislation and in terms of the state of the art, at the international level as well; later we will apply the methods for determining the anomaly threshold provided for by the current legislation to some case studies, with the double aim to highlight their critical issues and orient future research in this field.

Clint D. Lombard, Corné E. van Daalen

For mobile robots to operate autonomously in general environments, perception is required in the form of a dense metric map. For this purpose, we present the stochastic triangular mesh (STM) mapping technique: a 2.5-D representation of the surface of the environment using a continuous mesh of triangular surface elements, where each surface element models the mean plane and roughness of the underlying surface. In contrast to existing mapping techniques, a STM map models the structure of the environment by ensuring a continuous model, while also being able to be incrementally updated with linear computational cost in the number of measurements. We reduce the effect of uncertainty in the robot pose (position and orientation) by using landmark-relative submaps. The uncertainty in the measurements and robot pose are accounted for by the use of Bayesian inference techniques during the map update. We demonstrate that a STM map can be used with sensors that generate point measurements, such as light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors and stereo cameras. We show that a STM map is a more accurate model than the only comparable online surface mapping technique$\unicode{x2014}$a standard elevation map$\unicode{x2014}$and we also provide qualitative results on practical datasets.

Kasra Rafi, Yvon Verberne

We construct explicit examples of geodesics in the mapping class group and show that the shadow of a geodesic in mapping class group to the curve graph does not have to be a quasi-geodesic. We also show that the quasi-axis of a pseudo-Anosov element of the mapping class group may not have the strong contractibility property. Specifically, we show that, after choosing a generating set carefully, one can find a pseudo-Anosov homeomorphism f, a sequence of points w_k and a sequence of radii r_k so that the ball B(w_k, r_k) is disjoint from a quasi-axis a of f, but for any projection map from mapping class group to a, the diameter of the image of B(w_k, r_k) grows like log(r_k).

Jaroslav Nesetril, Patrice Ossona de Mendez

We consider mappings, which are structure consisting of a single function (and possibly some number of unary relations) and address the problem of approximating a continuous mapping by a finite mapping. This problem is the inverse problem of the construction of a continuous limit for first-order convergent sequences of finite mappings. We solve the approximation problem and, consequently, the full characterization of limit objects for mappings for first-order (i.e. ${\rm FO}$) convergence and local (i.e. ${\rm FO}^{\rm local}$) convergence. This work can be seen both as a first step in the resolution of inverse problems (like Aldous-Lyons conjecture) and a strengthening of the classical decidability result for finite satisfiability in Rabin class (which consists of first-order logic with equality, one unary function, and an arbitrary number of monadic predicates). The proof involves model theory and analytic techniques.

Domenico Santarsiero

La società italiana di Fotogrammetria e Topografia tra passato e futuro

Erling Størmer

We study mapping cones and their dual cones of positive maps of the n by n matrices into itself. For a natural class of cones there is a close relationship between maps in the cone, super-positive maps, and separable states. In particular the composition of a map from the cone with a map in the dual cone is super-positive, and so the natural state it defines is separable.

Barvinskyi A.V.

Modern agricultural landuseof researched Tetiivskyi-Boguslavskyi nature-agricultural district of Kyiv region is characterized by high technological loading on the soil covering, associated with the transformation of lands structure and sowing areas of crops under the influence of market situations. The high level of technological loading on land resources causes the development of degradation processes, and as a result – reduced lands productivity. The main reasons are: unbalanced development of the productive forces and exhausting exploitation of land resources, producers ignoring of environmental imperatives, technical, technological and organizational backwardness of agricultural production; embryonic nature of ecological and economical mechanism of land use and realization of land protection measures, the lack of perfect legal framework of regulating and management of resource- ecological security at national, regional and local levels. Increasing of anthropogeneous pressure on soil (excessive soil tillage in agricultural landscapes, ecologically unsustainable use of agricultural chemicals, high intensity of heavy agricultural machinery, etc.) leads to increase of degradation processes almost on the all area of arable land (Medvedev, 1994). So important is the continuous monitoring of agrophysical condition of soils and development of scientific and practical foundations of optimizing the physical parameters of fertility. The environmentally unbalanced application of anthropogeneous factors results in agrophysical degradation of arable lands, what is displaied in top soil overcompaction.Experimentally found that depending on how the agricultural land use equilibrium bulk density of the gray forest soils varies between 1,35-1,58 g/cm3, dark-gray forest soils - 1,36-1,44, podzolized chernozem - 1,26-1,33, typical chernozem- 1,09-1,18 g/cm3, that indicating the imbalance of soil-physical factors, a significant deviation from the requirements of crops and could lead eventually to lower soil fertility on 50-60 % (Bondarev, 1989). To reduce the load process should be at soil-climatic zones and the landscape in general - to optimize the lands structure and sowing areas through technological distribution of arable land with regard to their suitability for growing of majorcropsgroups; at a particular catchment (slope) -to makeenvironmental assessment of certain technologicaloperations and technologies ofcrops growing in general; ensure environmental sustainability improvement of soil by increasing organic matter content and saturation of soil absorbing complex by calcium, and reducing mechanical stress on the soil of agricultural machinery by introducing the principles of conservative farming. According to experimental data obtained in the long stationary experiment, created in Kyiv agrosoil area, improve the environmental sustainability of light loamy gray forest soils requires an integrated systems approach with a view to the simultaneous optimization of both agro-chemical and physical properties. The combination of fertilization and liming, contributing to the saturation of the soil absorbing complex of calcium and magnesium to 70-73%, increase humus content to 1,6-1,7%, the growth factor structuring of 1,35 to 1,49, indicating increased the potentialability of the soil to the formation of microstructure. Thus, the studied soil bulk density decreased from 1,48 to 1,42 g/cm3, and water permeability increased from 48,9 to 60,7 mm/h. However, regression analysis of the data shows that optimizing the equilibrium bulk density of light loamy soils should increase the humus content to 2,2-2,4%, as improved physical-chemical and agrochemical properties of topsoil without substantial transformation of organic matter content is not leads to significant and sustainable changes in their physical properties.