Hasil untuk "Business ethics"

Francisco Javier Aznar Sala, Ángel Garrido Vila, Paula Cano Molla

El presente artículo se centra en el análisis bioético y científico de la eutanasia, con especial atención al caso español. Se aborda el fenómeno de la posible pendiente resbaladiza en aquellos países donde ha sido implementada en el marco de una comparativa global que nos permita establecer pautas y sinergias sinónimas en los distintos lugares desde su desarrollo. El análisis ha sido trabajado desde fuentes primigenias que nos permiten recoger los últimos datos.

Rafsanjani Mohamad Arief, Kamalia Putri Ulfa, Ghofur Muhammad Abdul et al.

This study explores the factors influencing student engagement with artificial intelligence (AI) tools in higher education, focusing on the Faculty of Economics and Business at Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Using a qualitative case study approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 undergraduate students who were experienced in using AI tools such as ChatGPT and Grammarly. Thematic analysis revealed four key themes. First, academic utility emerged as the primary driver, with students using AI to support writing, research, and data analysis. Second, emotional and motivational factors showed that AI helps reduce anxiety and boost confidence, especially under time pressure. Third, peer influence played a significant role in spreading AI usage through informal networks, often filling gaps left by formal instruction. Lastly, ethical and institutional considerations highlighted uncertainties about academic integrity and the absence of clear university guidelines. These findings suggest that beyond functionality, emotional, social, and ethical dimensions shape AI adoption. To promote responsible and effective AI use, universities should offer clear policies, ethics-based training, and supportive learning environments that address both technical and moral aspects of AI integration.

Joshua J. Beck, Tracie M. Dodson

The changing ideas of morality, the evolution of employment laws, and society have influenced ethical perspectives. Although business schools teach the art and science of ethics, identifying the potential future frameworks and morals of organizations and employees is fascinating and challenging to predict. Management, organizations, and society should be cognizant of ethical developments. To ascertain the direction of business ethics changes in the near term, this study compared questionnaire responses of MBA students in central West Virginia with the findings of the Institute of Business Ethics (IBE) at Work: 2021 International Survey of Employees. Some of the more notable findings are MBA students’ desire for the organization to practice honesty in their daily operations. The U.S. workers faced more pressure to take shortcuts and meet unrealistic objectives than MBA students. Moreover, U.S. workers were more likely to report unethical issues and more prone to retaliation than MBA students. Barriers to speaking up about ethical wrongdoings differed as the fear of job loss and alienation was greater for U.S. workers, while MBA students were hindered by uncertainty about the correct reporting channel. Furthermore, MBA students were more concerned about future workforce biases, unmet ethical standards, increased unethical behavior from new technologies, and evolving skill requirements due to digitalization. These findings underscore the need for organizations to adapt ethical programs to shifting values and generational expectations.

Kavita Roy, Khritish Swargiary

This mixed-methods comparative study explores entrepreneurship and business ethics education among young adults (20–30 years) in Bangalore, India, and Arizona, USA. Analyzing 200 participants (100 per region) through stratified random sampling, it highlights baseline disparities: Bangalore participants scored lower in entrepreneurial knowledge and ethical understanding compared to Arizona participants. Post-intervention, both groups showed significant improvements, with Bangalore participants experiencing notable gains in ethics knowledge, ethical scenario experience, and practical application interest. Arizona participants also improved ethics knowledge and scenario experience. Employment and socioeconomic differences were statistically significant. Using surveys, interviews, focus groups, and workshops, the study underscores cultural and institutional influences on learning, offering adaptive strategies to harmonize global standards with local contexts in entrepreneurship education.

Ion Nemteanu, Adir Mancebo, Leslie Joe et al.

Artificial intelligence (AI) offers incredible possibilities for patient care, but raises significant ethical issues, such as the potential for bias. Powerful ethical frameworks exist to minimize these issues, but are often developed for academic or regulatory environments and tend to be comprehensive but overly prescriptive, making them difficult to operationalize within fast-paced, resource-constrained environments. We introduce the Scalable Agile Framework for Execution in AI (SAFE-AI) designed to balance ethical rigor with business priorities by embedding ethical oversight into standard Agile-based product development workflows. The framework emphasizes the early establishment of testable acceptance criteria, fairness metrics, and transparency metrics to manage model uncertainty, while also promoting continuous monitoring and re-evaluation of these metrics across the AI lifecycle. A core component of this framework are responsibility metrics using scenario-based probability analogy mapping designed to enhance transparency and stakeholder trust. This ensures that retraining or tuning activities are subject to lightweight but meaningful ethical review. By focusing on the minimum necessary requirements for responsible development, our framework offers a scalable, business-aligned approach to ethical AI suitable for organizations without dedicated ethics teams.

Simon Kolker, Louise A. Dennis, Ramon Fraga Pereira et al.

Machine Ethics decisions should consider the implications of uncertainty over decisions. Decisions should be made over sequences of actions to reach preferable outcomes long term. The evaluation of outcomes, however, may invoke one or more moral theories, which might have conflicting judgements. Each theory will require differing representations of the ethical situation. For example, Utilitarianism measures numerical values, Deontology analyses duties, and Virtue Ethics emphasises moral character. While balancing potentially conflicting moral considerations, decisions may need to be made, for example, to achieve morally neutral goals with minimal costs. In this paper, we formalise the problem as a Multi-Moral Markov Decision Process and a Multi-Moral Stochastic Shortest Path Problem. We develop a heuristic algorithm based on Multi-Objective AO*, utilising Sven-Ove Hansson's Hypothetical Retrospection procedure for ethical reasoning under uncertainty. Our approach is validated by a case study from Machine Ethics literature: the problem of whether to steal insulin for someone who needs it.

Benjamin J. Carroll, Jianlong Zhou, Paul F. Burke et al.

As AI systems increasingly permeate everyday life, designers and developers face mounting pressure to balance innovation with ethical design choices. To date, the operationalisation of AI ethics has predominantly depended on frameworks that prescribe which ethical principles should be embedded within AI systems. However, the extent to which users value these principles remains largely unexplored in the existing literature. In a discrete choice experiment conducted in four countries, we quantify user preferences for 11 ethical principles. Our findings indicate that, while users generally prioritise privacy, justice & fairness, and transparency, their preferences exhibit significant variation based on culture and application context. Latent class analysis further revealed four distinct user cohorts, the largest of which is ethically disengaged and defers to regulatory oversight. Our findings offer (1) empirical evidence of uneven user prioritisation of AI ethics principles, (2) actionable guidance for operationalising ethics tailored to culture and context, (3) support for the development of robust regulatory mechanisms, and (4) a foundation for advancing a user-centred approach to AI ethics, motivated independently from abstract moral theory.

Jianlong Zhou, Fang Chen

Despite the much proliferation of AI ethical principles in recent years, there is a challenge of assuring AI ethics with current AI ethics frameworks in real-world applications. While system safety has emerged as a distinct discipline for a long time, originated from safety concerns in early aircraft manufacturing. The safety assurance is now an indispensable component in safety critical domains. Motivated by the assurance approaches for safety-critical systems such as aviation, this paper introduces the concept of AI ethics assurance cases into the AI ethics assurance. Three pillars of user requirements, evidence, and validation are proposed as key components and integrated into AI ethics assurance cases for a new approach of user requirements-oriented AI ethics assurance. The user requirements-oriented AI ethics assurance case is set up based on three pillars and hazard analysis methods used in the safety assurance of safety-critical systems. This paper also proposes a platform named Ethical-Lens (E-LENS) to implement the user requirements-oriented AI ethics assurance approach. The proposed user requirements-based E-LENS platform is then applied to assure AI ethics of an AI-driven human resource shortlisting system as a case study to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Roman Kossak

This is a critical response to some arguments and general recommendations presented in a discussion paper Four Levels of Ethical Engagement [EiM Discussion Paper 1/2018 University of Cambridge Ethics in Mathematics Project, https://www.ethics-in-mathematics.com/assets/dp/18 1.pdf] by Maurice Chiodo and Piers Bursill-Hall. Much in their article is based on certain observations about characteristic psychological traits of mathematicians and their patterns of behavior that I find to be in stark contrast to my own observations. I argue against their assumptions and conclusions using examples.

Di Kevin Gao, Andrew Haverly, Sudip Mittal et al.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Ethics is a nascent yet critical research field. Recent developments in generative AI and foundational models necessitate a renewed look at the problem of AI Ethics. In this study, we perform a bibliometric analysis of AI Ethics literature for the last 20 years based on keyword search. Our study reveals a three-phase development in AI Ethics, namely an incubation phase, making AI human-like machines phase, and making AI human-centric machines phase. We conjecture that the next phase of AI ethics is likely to focus on making AI more machine-like as AI matches or surpasses humans intellectually, a term we coin as "machine-like human".

Abdelkader Belhadi, Noureddine Abdellah, Azzeddine Nezai

Big data is at the heart of the insurance industry through the uses it provides, where the year 2022 is considered the beginning of the “digital revolution” when humans were able to store more digital information in technological tools than ever before. Research results have shown the impact relationship between big data and various industries, including the insurance industry. Big data has improved all aspects of the insurance process, from pricing and underwriting to claims management and customer service to ultimately more effective risk management. Based on practical and theoretical practices in this framework, the question arises whether big data has brought about development in the insurance industry. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the impact of big data on all aspects of the insurance industry. The research findings showed that the quantity and quality of data collected and used by insurance companies directly impact the services produced and developed. Big data enables insurers to identify patterns, trends and behaviors, allowing them to develop customized products and services. Also, by collecting and utilizing quality big data, insurance companies can provide more efficient and effective services, improving customer satisfaction and increasing profitability. Although big data is a lucrative opportunity for the insurance industry, it is also a threat as companies that need the means to access big data, technologies and skills will see their competitiveness drop significantly in the future. On the other hand, intermediary platforms, particularly GAFTA (Google, Apple, Facebook, Twitter, Amazon) that control the entire data value chain, can seek a large percentage of profits by providing the value chain to insurers, or the purchase of these platforms for vulnerable insurance companies, allowing them to dominate the insurance market.

Anthony Kambi Masha, Patrick Bwowe, Ernest Nikisi

Educators play a crucial role in youth preparation, education, work, and life. They manage classroom environments, engage learners, and act as leaders. The public education system in South Africa is facing a crisis, with private family business schools (PFBSs) emerging. Educators in South Africa face challenges in youth preparation, education, work, and life, requiring a healthy leadership environment to manage classroom environments and engage learners. Thus, a healthy leadership environment is essential for educators to feel involved in their work. However, low employee engagement levels can lead to economic challenges such as unemployment, poverty, and inequality, exacerbated by illiteracy. This paper summarises the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of the significance of apt leadership for employee engagement. The aim of the paper was to examine the extent to which leadership predicts levels of engagement of educators in private family business schools. The relevance of this scientific study is that it gives key information to leaders in private family business schools on how leadership is paramount for educators to be engaged. The investigation of the topic in this study is carried out in the following logical sequence: Introduction, literature review, methodology, data analysis and results, discussion, recommendations, conclusion, limitations, future research, acknowledgements and research funding and references. The study followed an explanatory, non-experimental research design using a positivist research paradigm and approached this study from a unique axiology, ontology, epistemology, technique, and rhetorical stance that set the tone for ontological, epistemological, methodological, axiological, and rhetorical positions. Using a census sampling technique, data was collected using structured, self-administered, emailed, and drop-off questionnaires. This study's hypothesis was tested using appropriate inferential statistics. Non-parametric analysis techniques were used to test the research hypothesis. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that leadership predicts engagement levels of educators in PFBSs. The results of the study can be helpful to leaders in private family business schools in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa and other regions of the world.

Marten H. L. Kaas, Zoe Porter, Ernest Lim et al.

The deployment and use of AI systems should be both safe and broadly ethically acceptable. The principles-based ethics assurance argument pattern is one proposal in the AI ethics landscape that seeks to support and achieve that aim. The purpose of this argument pattern or framework is to structure reasoning about, and to communicate and foster confidence in, the ethical acceptability of uses of specific real-world AI systems in complex socio-technical contexts. This paper presents the interim findings of a case study applying this ethics assurance framework to the use of Dora, an AI-based telemedicine system, to assess its viability and usefulness as an approach. The case study process to date has revealed some of the positive ethical impacts of the Dora platform, as well as unexpected insights and areas to prioritise for evaluation, such as risks to the frontline clinician, particularly in respect of clinician autonomy. The ethics assurance argument pattern offers a practical framework not just for identifying issues to be addressed, but also to start to construct solutions in the form of adjustments to the distribution of benefits, risks and constraints on human autonomy that could reduce ethical disparities across affected stakeholders. Though many challenges remain, this research represents a step in the direction towards the development and use of safe and ethically acceptable AI systems and, ideally, a shift towards more comprehensive and inclusive evaluations of AI systems in general.

Christian Hugo Hoffmann, Frederik F. Flöther

Artificial intelligence (AI) recently had its 'iPhone moment' and adoption has drastically accelerated. Quantum computing appears poised to follow suit over the next years. However, while there has been discourse about how to use AI responsibly, there is still little appreciation and awareness among executives, managers, and practitioners about the broader ethical questions and implications raised by the intersection of these emerging technologies. In this article, it is highlighted why quantum computing and AI ethics must be taken seriously by businesspersons and how these technologies affect strategic decisions; moreover, recommendations and action areas are formulated.

Oscar Jerome Stewart, Geoff Desa, Ian Dunham

This article describes and reflects upon a student art project assignment and accompanying issue-advocacy written piece that allows students to explore topics of social justice and environmental sustainability in a business and society senior seminar course. The process of producing art and creative writing allows students to critically reflect on current business ethics concepts that are relevant to their interests. The art is displayed in a gallery exhibit, allowing for further intellectual exploration as students explain their work to others. The learning outcomes of this art project are two-fold. First, students and faculty develop a greater sense of liberatory consciousness, a social identity-shaping mechanism that extends beyond disciplinary boundaries. Importantly, as faculty, we learn a great deal from our students, particularly during the art exhibit. Second, students develop competency in, and a passion for, issue advocacy about important social and environmental issues. Ultimately, this assignment inspires students to become future leaders in professional organizations that are ethical, inclusive, and environmentally sustainable.

Rakesh R. Menon, V. Ravi

Suppliers play an important role in achieving an organization's sustainability goals. By engaging sustainable suppliers, an organization gets clean and green materials to ensure that their end-products are environmentally friendly. Sustainable supplier selection is a challenging task as it involves a complex decision making process involving different objectives and organization priorities. We propose a combined AHP-TOPSIS multiple criteria decision-making approach to solve this problem considering the uncertainty involved and to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative data. In this research, ethics is taken as the fourth dimension of sustainability along with Triple Bottom Line, considering that ethics plays a crucial role in purchasing activity and supplier selection. These four dimensions for sustainable supplier selection criteria have been divided into 16 sub-criteria to evaluate the suppliers. The model is demonstrated by its application to select a sustainable supplier in a real world electronics case company. The results indicate that economic factors still dominate during sustainable supplier selection. In selecting a sustainable supplier, it is found that prominence is given to human rights, safety systems and occupational health, pollution control and resource reduction and consumption, code of conduct, and transparency in suppliers' business and accounting criteria, which covers the other dimensions of sustainability. The application of the proposed model demonstrates the evaluation of tangible and intangible sustainability criteria in selecting a supplier. The result provides a ranking for the suppliers by showing their distances from the positive ideal solution of a sustainable supplier.

Travis LaCroix

Autonomous systems are being developed and deployed in situations that may require some degree of ethical decision-making ability. As a result, research in machine ethics has proliferated in recent years. This work has included using moral dilemmas as validation mechanisms for implementing decision-making algorithms in ethically-loaded situations. Using trolley-style problems in the context of autonomous vehicles as a case study, I argue (1) that this is a misapplication of philosophical thought experiments because (2) it fails to appreciate the purpose of moral dilemmas, and (3) this has potentially catastrophic consequences; however, (4) there are uses of moral dilemmas in machine ethics that are appropriate and the novel situations that arise in a machine-learning context can shed some light on philosophical work in ethics.

I Wayan Ruspendi Junaedi, Gerson Feoh, I Gusti Bagus Rai Utama

The partnership program between Dhyana Pura University and Catu Graha Mandiri BUMDES was applied by socialization activity, management training, mentoring, and evaluation. The program used a business management indicator that aims to improve the knowledge and skills of the Catu Graha Mandiri BUMDES community business group members. The partnership programs were measured by Pre-Test and Post-Test Method so that the effectiveness and output of the program can be measured accurately. The program offered the solution in terms of providing assistance and training on the use of appropriate technology in increasing the quantity and quality of production of BUMDES Catu Graha Mandiri Gumbrih Village, as well as making financial reports, providing assistance and training on management, education on ethics and consumer behavior, and training product marketing using social media. The results of this partnership program have been able to improve the services of BUMDES Catu Graha Mandiri Gumbrih to consumers and be able to make financial reports accurately. The sales turnover of partners BUMDES has also increased and developed so that job opportunities are open to the community as well as the addition of new entrepreneurs in Gumbrih Village. The increase in human resources in the application of professional management has also increased, an increase in business production has also occurred, marketing has also increased and financial reports can also be done regularly, and promotions on social media have increased so that the sales turnover of BUMDES partners Catu Graha Mandiri Desa Gumbrih more increasing.   Keywords: digital marketing; finance management; technology; tourism village

Elija Perrier

Quantum information technologies, covering quantum computing, quantum communication and quantum sensing, are among the most significant technologies to emerge in recent decades, offering the promise of paradigm-shifting computational capacity with significant ethical consequences. On a technical level, the unique features of quantum information processing have consequences for the imposition of fairness and ethical constraints on computation. Despite its significance, little if no structured research has been undertaken into the ethical implications of such quantum technologies. In this paper, we fill this gap in the literature by presenting a roadmap for ethical quantum computing (and quantum information processing more generally) that sets out prospective research programmes. We summarise the key elements of quantum information processing (focusing on quantum computation) relevant to ethical analysis and set-out taxonomies for use by researchers considering the ethics of quantum technologies. In particular, we demonstrate how the unique features of quantum information processing gives rise to distinct ethical consequences (including in the context of machine learning). We situate quantum ethics at the cross-disciplinary intersection of quantum information science, technology ethics and moral philosophy to assess the impacts of this newly emerging technology. We provide specific examples of how the emergence of quantum technologies gives rise to normative and distributional ethical challenges. Finally, we set out prospective research directions to help inaugurate the cross-disciplinary field of the ethics of quantum computing.

Cristina Godoy Bernardo de Oliveira, Evandro Eduardo Seron Ruiz

As the potential applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the financial sector increases, ethical issues become gradually latent. The distrust of individuals, social groups, and governments about the risks arising from Fintech's activities is growing. Due to this scenario, the preparation of recommendations and Ethics Guidelines is increasing and the risks of being chosen the principles and ethical values most appropriate to companies are high. Thus, this exploratory research aims to analyze the benefits of the application of the stakeholder theory and the idea of Social License to build an environment of trust and for the realization of ethical principles by Fintech. The formation of a Fintech association for the creation of a Social License will allow early-stage Fintech to participate from the beginning of its activities in the elaboration of a dynamic ethical code and with the participation of stakeholders.