Hasil untuk "Building construction"

Shu Tang, Dennis R. Shelden, C. Eastman et al.

Abstract The integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) with real-time data from the Internet of Things (IoT) devices presents a powerful paradigm for applications to improve construction and operational efficiencies. Connecting real-time data streams from the rapidly expanding set of IoT sensor networks to the high-fidelity BIM models provides numerous applications. However, BIM and IoT integration research are still in nascent stages, there is a need to understand the current situation of BIM and IoT device integration. This paper conducts a comprehensive review with the intent to identify common emerging areas of application and common design patterns in the approach to tackling BIM-IoT device integration along with an examination of current limitations and predictions of future research directions. Altogether, 97 papers from 14 AEC related journals and databases in other industry over the last decade were reviewed. Several prevalent domains of application namely Construction Operation and Monitoring, Health & Safety Management, Construction Logistic & Management, and Facility Management were identified. The authors summarized 5 integration methods with description, examples, and discussion. These integration methods are utilizing BIM tools' APIs and relational database, transform BIM data into a relational database using new data schema, create new query language, using semantic web technologies and hybrid approach. Based on the observed limitations, prominent future research directions are suggested, focusing on service-oriented architecture (SOA) patterns and web services-based strategies for BIM and IoT integration, establishing information integration & management standards, solving interoperability issue, and cloud computing.

Peng Wu, Jun Wang, Xiangyu Wang

Abstract 3-D printing, which is an automated production process with layer-by-layer control, has been gaining rapid development in recent years. The technology has been adopted in the manufacturing industry for decades and has recently been introduced in the construction industry to print houses and villas. The technology can bring significant benefits to the construction industry in terms of increased customization, reduced construction time, reduced manpower, and construction cost. A few isolated products and projects have been preliminarily tested using the 3-D printing technology. However, it should be noted that such tests and developments on the use of 3-D printing in the construction industry are very fragmented at the time of the study. It is therefore necessary for the building and construction industry to understand the technology, its historical applications and challenges for better utilization in the future. A systematic review shows that 3-D printing technology, after years of evolution, can be used to print large-scale architectural models and buildings. However, the potential of the technology is limited by the lack of large-scale implementation, the development of building information modeling, the requirements of mass customization, and the life cycle cost of the printed projects. It is therefore expected that future studies should be conducted on these areas to consolidate the stability and expand the applicability of 3-D printing in the construction industry.

A. Rashad

Vincent Guillerm, Dongwook Kim, Jarrod F. Eubank et al.

In this review, we describe two recently implemented conceptual approaches facilitating the design and deliberate construction of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), namely supermolecular building block (SBB) and supermolecular building layer (SBL) approaches. Our main objective is to offer an appropriate means to assist/aid chemists and material designers alike to rationally construct desired functional MOF materials, made-to-order MOFs. We introduce the concept of net-coded building units (net-cBUs), where precise embedded geometrical information codes uniquely and matchlessly a selected net, as a compelling route for the rational design of MOFs. This concept is based on employing pre-selected 0-periodic metal–organic polyhedra or 2-periodic metal–organic layers, SBBs or SBLs respectively, as a pathway to access the requisite net-cBUs. In this review, inspired by our success with the original rht-MOF, we extrapolated our strategy to other known MOFs via their deconstruction into more elaborate building units (namely polyhedra or layers) to (i) elucidate the unique relationship between edge-transitive polyhedra or layers and minimal edge-transitive 3-periodic nets, and (ii) illustrate the potential of the SBB and SBL approaches as a rational pathway for the design and construction of 3-periodic MOFs. Using this design strategy, we have also identified several new hypothetical MOFs which are synthetically targetable.

Mingyan Deng, C. Menassa, V. Kamat

The widespread adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and the recent emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) applications offer several new insights and decision-making capabilities throughout the life cycle of the built environment. In recent years, the ability of real-time connectivity to online sensors deployed in an environment has led to the emergence of the concept of the Digital Twin of the built environment. Digital Twins aim to achieve synchronization of the real world with a virtual platform for seamless management and control of the construction process, facility management, environment monitoring, and other life cycle processes in the built environment. However, research in Digital Twins for the built environment is still in its nascent stages and there is a need to understand the advances in the underlying enabling technologies and establish a convergent context for ongoing and future research. This paper conducted a systematic review to identify the development of the emerging technologies facilitating the evolution of BIM to Digital Twins in built environment applications. A total of 100 related papers including 23 review papers were selected and reviewed. In order to systematically classify the reviewed studies, the authors developed a five-level ladder categorization system based on the building life cycle to reflect the current state-of-the-art in Digital Twin applications. In each level of this taxonomy, applications were further categorized based on their research domains (e.g., construction process, building energy performance, indoor environment monitoring). In addition, the current state-of-art in technologies enabling Digital Twins was also summarized from the reviewed literature. It was found that most of the prior studies conducted thus far have not fully exploited or realized the envisioned concept of the Digital Twin, and thus classify under the earlier ladder categories. Based on the analysis of the reviewed work and the trends in ongoing research, the authors propose a concept of an advanced Digital Twin for building management as a baseline for further studies.

Jingke Hong, G. Shen, Zhengdao Li et al.

Abstract Prefabricated construction has attracted worldwide concern because of its significant role in the creation of sustainable urbanization. In Mainland China, the practice of applying prefabrication technology in the construction industry still lags behind. In fact, the economic benefit is a key concern of various stakeholders involved in the construction process and is expected to influence the delivery of prefabricated buildings significantly. Therefore, this study established a cost–benefit analysis framework to explore the basic cost composition of prefabrication and examined the effect of adopting prefabrication on the total cost of real building projects. Results show that the concrete and steel used in the typical prefabricated components were responsible for 26% to 60% of the total cost, followed by labor cost (17%–30%) and transportation (10%). The average incremental cost is highly linearly correlated with the prefabrication rate, which ranged from 237 yuan/m2 to 437 yuan/m2, in eight building projects. To fully gain the economic benefits from the precast construction, the future focus should lie in providing financial support for promoting the development of prefabrication technology, optimizing the structure integrity of prefabricated buildings, and improving the maturity of the precast market.

H. Thai, T. Ngo, B. Uy

Abstract Modular construction is considered as a game-changing technology since it offers faster construction, safer manufacturing, better quality control, and lower environmental impacts compared with the traditional onsite construction. These benefits can be maximised in high-rise buildings due to their inherently topological modular form and the increased number of repeatable modules. However, current applications of modular construction for high-rise buildings are very limited due to the lack of strong structural systems and joining techniques to ensure structural integrity, overall stability, and robustness of an entirely modular building. In addition, the unavailability of design guidelines also inhibits the construction industry in implementing such technology. With recent advancements in structural systems and materials, there is great potential for real world applications of modular construction in high-rise buildings. This paper presents a critical review of recent innovations in modular construction technology for high-rise buildings with an emphasis on structural systems, joining techniques, progressive collapse and structural robustness. The developments of design codes for modular construction are also discussed. The paper concludes by highlighting the technical challenges that hinder the widespread adoption of modular construction, and proposing potential solutions for future research. This review paper is expected to be a complete reference for experts, researchers and professionals in this field of study.

B. Sizirici, Y. Fseha, C. Cho et al.

Construction is among the leading industries/activities contributing the largest carbon footprint. This review paper aims to promote awareness of the sources of carbon footprint in the construction industry, from design to operation and management during manufacturing, transportation, construction, operations, maintenance and management, and end-of-life deconstruction phases. In addition, it summarizes the latest studies on carbon footprint reduction strategies in different phases of construction by the use of alternative additives in building materials, improvements in design, recycling construction waste, promoting the utility of alternative water resources, and increasing efficiencies of water technologies and other building systems. It was reported that the application of alternative additives/materials or techniques/systems can reduce up to 90% of CO2 emissions at different stages in the construction and building operations. Therefore, this review can be beneficial at the stage of conceptualization, design, and construction to assist clients and stakeholders in selecting materials and systems; consequently, it promotes consciousness of the environmental impacts of fabrication, transportation, and operation.

Jianli Hao, B. Cheng, Weisheng Lu et al.

Prefabrication has gained its popularity in countries including China due to its various advantages such as quality control, waste reduction, onsite and offsite parallel coordination, and so on. It has also been recognized as a key strategy to reduce construction-induced carbon emissions. However, there is limited research to examine carbon emission reduction in prefabrication by using the advanced technological artefacts, e.g., building information modeling (BIM), emerging from the technology sphere. As a digital representation of a facility, BIM provides a cyber platform based on which many assessment and simulation works can be performed without having to construct the physical facility. This paper aims to develop a BIM-based approach to measuring carbon emission reduction during the materialization stage of a prefabricated building project. Findings from the study indicate that BIM is an efficient and effective method for measuring carbon emissions from the construction of new buildings and that prefabrication reduces carbon emissions when compared with conventional construction methods. The research contributes to the body of knowledge relating to the reduction of carbon emissions through prefabrication. This is pertinent to contractors, homebuyers and governments who are constantly seeking ways to achieve a circular economy.

Shan Hu, Yang Zhang, Ziyi Yang et al.

R. Silva, J. Brito, R. Dhir

Abstract In the light of the ever-increasing need of circular economy in the construction industry and of the recent advances in research and development on the use of recycled aggregates, produced from construction and demolition waste, in new construction materials, this paper presents a compilation of representative case studies of several applications, namely recycled aggregates in unbound, hydraulically-bound and bitumen-bound applications, as well as in (non-)structural concrete in road and building construction. Experience has shown that, in spite of the positive outcomes and comprehensive know-how gained over the course of several years in those exploratory studies, there is a considerable underuse of recycled aggregates mostly due to lack of confidence in the material amongst contractors and designers. This paper, using a range of case studies undertaken in several countries worldwide, highlights the technical viability and appropriateness of using recycled aggregates in a broad range of construction applications.

Calin Boje, A. Guerriero, Sylvain Kubicki et al.

Abstract As the Architecture, Engineering and Construction sector is embracing the digital age, the processes involved in the design, construction and operation of built assets are more and more influenced by technologies dealing with value-added monitoring of data from sensor networks, management of this data in secure and resilient storage systems underpinned by semantic models, as well as the simulation and optimisation of engineering systems. Aside from enhancing the efficiency of the value chain, such information-intensive models and associated technologies play a decisive role in minimising the lifecycle impacts of our buildings. While Building Information Modelling provides procedures, technologies and data schemas enabling a standardised semantic representation of building components and systems, the concept of a Digital Twin conveys a more holistic socio-technical and process-oriented characterisation of the complex artefacts involved by leveraging the synchronicity of the cyber-physical bi-directional data flows. Moreover, BIM lacks semantic completeness in areas such as control systems, including sensor networks, social systems, and urban artefacts beyond the scope of buildings, thus requiring a holistic, scalable semantic approach that factors in dynamic data at different levels. The paper reviews the multi-faceted applications of BIM during the construction stage and highlights limits and requirements, paving the way to the concept of a Construction Digital Twin. A definition of such a concept is then given, described in terms of underpinning research themes, while elaborating on areas for future research.

S. Pessoa, A. S. Guimarães, S. Lucas et al.

Abstract Building Information Modelling (BIM) paved the way to better information management in the construction sector, simplifying and encouraging the advent of digital technologies and tools. The application of large-scale additive manufacturing (AM) is growing and therefore subject to intensive research – on account of its disruptive potential to revolutionise the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. With this systematic literature review, the authors aim to identify the major advances made so far on AM's applicability to the construction sector, with particular attention being given to the thermal efficiency of 3D printed buildings. The article begins by presenting the review methodology applied and offering an outline of the current situation in the construction industry, followed by a discussion on different AM processes. Applications in the construction industry are presented and the development of extrudable materials is addressed. The influence of the thermal insulation of the building's envelope on its energy consumption is explained and experimental applications presented. The state-of-the-art shows that 3D printing (3DP) is still in an early stage and the research remains focused on the printability and structural capacity. There is a noticeable gap on physical aspects such as thermal and acoustic behaviour, which are of major importance to the indoor environment quality. By discussing the difference in performance between commercial thermal insulation materials and the existing 3D printed materials, this research outlines new ways of improving the thermal performance of 3D printed structures, by using additives in the printed mix or by acting on the wall's structure.

Mustafa Batikha, Rahul Jotangia, Mohamad Yasser Baaj et al.

: Literature about 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) examined small-printed elements or structures, while the 11 data available about printed buildings are from the market. Therefore, there is no robust answer regarding 3DCP efficiency 12 compared to other construction methods. In this research, a two-storey building was designed using five construction 13 methods: 3DCP, prefabricated modular construction, cast-in-situ reinforced concrete, cold-formed steel and hot-rolled 14 steel. The aim is to compare 3DCP to other construction techniques in terms of the construction duration, cost and CO 2 15 emissions. This study shows that excluding prefabricated modular concrete, 3DCP reduces the construction duration by 16 about 95%. 3DCP also offers the greatest cost savings and behaves similarly to cold-formed steel to produce 17 approximately 32% less CO 2 emissions. Thus, this work provides a necessary outlook on the current viability of 3DCP 18 to relevant stakeholders and industry professionals and inspires future research on 3DCP as an economical and sustainable 19 construction solution.

Wenlong Yan, Haoran Cheng, Meng Zhang et al.

This study investigates the performance of alkali-activated mortar incorporating slag, fly ash, and desert sand, with a focus on flowability, mechanical properties, sulfate resistance, and microstructural characteristics. A four-factor, three-level orthogonal experimental design was used to analyze the effects of the fly ash substitution rate, alkali content (Na₂O/b), activator modulus, and desert sand replacement rate for natural sand. The results indicate that increased slag and desert sand contents reduce mortar flowability. Despite this, the mortar exhibits excellent mechanical strength, with compressive strength reaching 77.7 MPa at 28 days and increasing to 89.34 MPa under sulfate exposure. However, after 120 days of sulfate erosion, a decline in strength is observed due to the formation of expansive products such as gypsum and caliche, leading to cracking. Microstructural analyses (XRD, SEM/EDS, MIP) reveal partial dissolution of desert sand under alkali activation, enhancing gel formation and reducing cumulative porosity. The pore structure predominantly consists of harmless pores. These findings demonstrate the potential of slag–fly ash–desert sand alkali-activated mortar as a durable and sustainable material for structural and construction engineering applications, especially in sulfate-rich environments or arid regions where desert sand is abundant.

Jinhua Wang, Nengzhong Lei, Xiaolin Tang et al.

Taking the shield construction of Xiamen Metro Line 2 tunnel side-crossing the Tianzhushan overpass and under-crossing the Shen-Hai Expressway as the engineering background, FLAC3D 6.0 software was used to examine the deformation of adjacent structures based on shield construction parameters in upper-soft and lower-hard strata. The reliability of the numerical simulation results was verified by comparing measured and predicted deformations. The study results indicate that deformation of the pile will occur during the construction of the tunnel shield next to the pile foundation. The shape of the pile deformation curve in the horizontal direction is significantly influenced by the distance from the pile foundation to the adjacent tunnel’s centerline, as well as by soil bin pressure, grouting layer thickness, and stress release coefficient. During the tunnel shield construction beneath the expressway, increasing the soil bin pressure, the grouting layer thickness, and reducing the stress release coefficient can effectively minimize surface deformation and differential settlement on both sides of the deformation joints between the bridge and the roadbed. The practice shows that, by optimizing shield construction parameters in upper-soft and lower-hard strata, the deformation of nearby bridges and pavements can be kept within allowable limits. This is significant for reducing construction time and costs. The findings offer useful references for similar projects.

علیرضا طاهری مقدم, سمانه کاظم نژاد

گنبد سبز مشهد یکی از بناهای تاریخی دوره صفویه و تزیینات اصلی این آرامگاه شامل کاشی‌کاری‌های بیرونی متعلق به دوره پهلوی است. هدف از این پژوهش، شناسایی پالت رنگی کاشی‌کاری‌های گنبد سبز و تطبیق کمّی رنگ‌ها براساس سیستم رنگی NCS است. نظر به اهمیت و نقش محوری عنصر رنگ در هنر کاشی‌کاری ایرانی، این پژوهش در پی پاسخ به دو پرسش اساسی است: نخست آنکه معادل‌سازی کمّی پالت رنگی کاشی‌های بنای گنبد سبز براساس سیستم استاندارد رنگی NCS چیست؟ و دوم اینکه میزان فراوانی و قدرت رنگی در پالت کاشی‌کاری بنای گنبد سبز چگونه است و رنگ‌های غالب آن کدام هستند؟ روش گردآوری داده‌ها بر اساس مطالعات میدانی میدانی و از طریق انطباق سیستم رنگ NCS با کاشی‌های اصیل بنا است. در نتیجه تطبیق رنگ‌ها، ۱۲۲ کد رنگی از ۷ خانواده رنگی به دست آمد و با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی مورد بررسی و ارزیابی قرار گرفت. علاوه بر این، رنگ های غالب، قدرت رنگی و درصد تنوع رنگی نیز مشخص شد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که هر چه رنگ‌ها روشن‌تر باشند، دامنه رنگی آن‌ها گسترده‌تر می‌شود و هر چه به سمت رنگ‌های تیره نزدیک می‌شویم، تنوع رنگی آن‌ها کاهش یافته و رنگ‌ها یکنواخت‌تر می‌شوند.

Jiasong CHEN, Xuefeng BAI, Guijiu WANG et al.

ObjectiveGiven that most salt rock strata in China consist of thin-layered salt formations, conventional single-well and single-cavity construction technologies are no longer adequate for the efficient construction of large-size salt cavities. In this context, the application of horizontal multi-step cavity-building technology for salt cavern gas storage can enhance the construction of salt cavities with expanded volumes in salt rock strata of limited thickness. MethodsThis study explored the influence of key parameters on the final shapes of cavities created through the horizontal multi-step cavity-building approach and analyzed both the cavity shape and the construction process from an engineering perspective, thus presenting recommended values for these key parameters. A physical simulation experimental setup was designed to examine cavity expansion patterns during horizontal multi-step cavity construction. Subsequent experiments incorporated various cavity-building parameters to generate horizontal cavities of different shapes. Finally, 3D scanning technology was employed to create complete 3D cavity models based on the cavities obtained from the experiments through mirroring operations. ResultsThe following results were derived from analyzing these 3D cavity models corresponding to various cavity-building parameters. For cavities with equal volumes, variations in water injection flow rates had a significant influence on their height, length, and maximum width. Tubing withdrawal distances had a major impact on the shape of the cavity roofs, while their effect on the overall size of the cavities was relatively minor. Additionally, the air cushion used during cavity construction to protect the roofs resulted in “flat top” shapes, which not only affected the stability of the cavities but also increased the economic costs for cavity construction. ConclusionWater injection rates ranging from 160 m3/h to 240 m3/h are considered rational for horizontal multi-step cavity building. It is recommended to use small tubing withdrawal distances. Additionally, continuous injection of dissolution inhibitors during construction for cavity roof protection is not advised. The research results offer valuable references and guidance for shape design and process parameter optimization of cavities using the horizontal multi-step construction approach for salt cavern gas storage.

Simon Bechert, Simon Aicher, Lyudmila Gorokhova et al.

Segmented timber shells present a novel building system that utilizes modular, planar building components to create lightweight free-form structures in architecture. Recent advancements in the research field of segmented timber shells pursue, among others, two fundamentally opposing research objectives. 1. The modularity of their building components facilitates the reuse of such structures in response to a changing built environment. 2. Advanced developments aim at establishing segmented timber shells as permanent building structures for sustainable architecture. This paper addresses the first research objective through the successful relocation of the BUGA Wood Pavilion in the context of the proposed methodology of Co-Design for circular construction. The methods and results involve integrative design and engineering processes and advanced quality assessment methods, including structural, geodetic, and physical properties for modular timber constructions. The BUGA Wood Pavilion serves as a building demonstrator for the presented research on segmented shells as lightweight, reusable, and durable timber structures.

Hamza Pervez, Y. Ali, A. Petrillo

Abstract Building construction serves a vital purpose from a social and economic perspective by meeting the housing needs of society and contributing to the economic growth of a country. However, from an environmental perspective, this sector contributes negatively by releasing tons of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in the atmosphere, which consequently gives rise to other environmental hazards such as global warming and ozone depletion. The use of off-site modular construction practices in developed countries is increasing due to its environmental benefits over conventional cast-in-situ method. However, the environmental performance of a construction method may vary across various geographical regions, which is why environmental assessment of construction methods specific to a region is required. This study provides a calculation of GHG emissions in modular and conventional construction methods utilized in Pakistan, considering two single-family single-storey buildings with similar characteristics. The study also provides recommendations to homebuilders for the improvements in low-performance areas in both modular and conventional building methods. The results of the study show that modular building accounts for a total of 3449.73 kgCO2-equivalent GHG emissions whereas conventional building resulted in a total of 6501.91 kgCO2-equivalent GHG emissions. Modular building results in a reduction of 3052.19 kgCO2-equivalent GHG emissions (46.9%) as compared to a conventional site-built building. This implies that the modular construction method is a more environmentally viable option than conventional construction, which needs to be adopted on a large scale to reduce GHG emissions.