This work presents Orient Anything V2, an enhanced foundation model for unified understanding of object 3D orientation and rotation from single or paired images. Building upon Orient Anything V1, which defines orientation via a single unique front face, V2 extends this capability to handle objects with diverse rotational symmetries and directly estimate relative rotations. These improvements are enabled by four key innovations: 1) Scalable 3D assets synthesized by generative models, ensuring broad category coverage and balanced data distribution; 2) An efficient, model-in-the-loop annotation system that robustly identifies 0 to N valid front faces for each object; 3) A symmetry-aware, periodic distribution fitting objective that captures all plausible front-facing orientations, effectively modeling object rotational symmetry; 4) A multi-frame architecture that directly predicts relative object rotations. Extensive experiments show that Orient Anything V2 achieves state-of-the-art zero-shot performance on orientation estimation, 6DoF pose estimation, and object symmetry recognition across 11 widely used benchmarks. The model demonstrates strong generalization, significantly broadening the applicability of orientation estimation in diverse downstream tasks.
The oriented Turán number of a given oriented graph $\overrightarrow{F}$, denoted by $\exo(n,\overrightarrow{F})$, is the largest number of arcs in $n$-vertex $\overrightarrow{F}$-free oriented graphs. This concept could be seen as an oriented version of the classical Turán number. In this paper, we first prove several propositions that give exact results for several oriented graphs. In particular, we determine all exact values of $\exo(n,\overrightarrow{F})$ for every oriented graph $\overrightarrow{F}$ with at most three arcs and sufficiently large $n$. After that, we prove a stability result and use it to determine the Turán number of an orientation of $C_4$. Finally, we prove oriented versions of the random zooming theorem by Fernández, Hyde, Liu, Pikhurko and Wu and the almost regular subgraph theorem by Erdős and Simonovits, and use them to obtain an oriented version of the Füredi-Alon-Krivelevich-Sudakov Theorem, which generalizes the famous KST Theorem.
In this paper, we prove that the composition of the standard orientation double covering map and a non-orientable Lefschetz fibration is an achiral Lefschetz fibration and specify a monodromy factorization of this composition. As an application of these results, we also give three transformations with respect to monodromy factorizations of non-orientable Lefschetz fibrations which do not change their isomorphism classes via the similar result to orientable Lefschetz fibrations.
We develop foundations for oriented category theory, an extension of $(\infty,\infty)$-category theory obtained by systematic usage of the Gray tensor product, in order to study lax phenomena in higher category theory. As categorical dimension increases, classical category-theoretic concepts generally prove too rigid or fully break down and must be replaced by oriented versions, which allow more flexible notions of naturality and coherence. Oriented category theory provides a framework to address these issues. The main objects of study are oriented, and their conjugate antioriented, categories, which are deformations of $(\infty,\infty)$-categories where the various compositions only commute up to a coherent (anti)oriented interchange law. We give a geometric description of (anti)oriented categories as sheaves on a deformation of the simplex category $Δ$ in which the linear graphs are weighted by (anti)oriented cubes. To demonstrate the utility of our theory, we show that the categorical analogues of fundamental constructions in homotopy theory, such as cylinder and path objects, join and slice, and suspension and loops, are not functors of $(\infty, \infty)$-categories, but only of (anti)oriented categories, generalizing work of Ara, Guetta, and Maltsiniotis in the strict setting. As a main result we construct an embedding of the theory of $(\infty,\infty)$-categories into the theory of (anti)oriented categories and characterize the image, which we call (anti)oriented spaces. We provide an algebraic description of (anti)oriented spaces as (anti)oriented categories satisfying a strict (anti)oriented interchange law and a geometric description as sheaves on suitable categories of (anti)oriented polytopes, generalizing Grothendieck's philosophy of test categories to higher categorical dimension and refining Campion's work on lax cubes and suitable sites.
Giuseppe Esposito, Juan David Guerrero-Balaguera, Josie Esteban Rodriguez Condia
et al.
The reliability of Neural Networks has gained significant attention, prompting efforts to develop SW-based hardening techniques for safety-critical scenarios. However, evaluating hardening techniques using application-level fault injection (FI) strategies, which are commonly hardware-agnostic, may yield misleading results. This study for the first time compares two FI approaches (at the application level (APP) and instruction level (ISA)) to evaluate deep neural network SW hardening strategies. Results show that injecting permanent faults at ISA (a more detailed abstraction level than APP) changes completely the ranking of SW hardening techniques, in terms of both reliability and accuracy. These results highlight the relevance of using an adequate analysis abstraction for evaluating such techniques.
The article discusses the issues of mutual influence of European and Asian artistic traditions important for the formation and development of the Tatar national fine art on the example of the work of its founder Baki Idrisovich Urmanche (1897-1990). Ways and means of overcoming the religious ban on the depiction of man and animals are revealed. The religious ban strictly observed by some Muslim peoples of Russia, including the Tatars, restricted the development of their artistic culture. Russian avant-garde is noted for its role in understanding the importance of Oriental artistic traditions for the development of Russian art in general, for B.I. Urmanche and Tatar art in particular. The author analyzes several graphic series created by B.I. Urmanche mainly in the last Kazan period of life (1958-1990), representing interpretations of landscape, Tatar ornament, theatrical masks, illustrations to the works of outstanding Tatar writers and poets of the early twentieth century. (G. Tukai, Deardmand). The author shows how B.I. Urmanche expresses his artistic individuality in graphics, searches for the national character of art, combines Western European visual traditions, techniques of Oriental miniature painting, Chinese Guohua painting, Arabic calligraphy and the ornamental system of Tatar decorative art.
Farhana Afrose Swarna, Tasfia Hayder, Shreema Mandal Barsa
et al.
The red spider mite, <i>Tetranychus macfarlanei</i>, is a serious pest of many cultivated crops in Bangladesh and other East-Asian and South-East Asian countries, in the Afrotropical, Oriental, and Palearctic regions. Sublethal concentration of pesticides, such as LC<sub>15</sub> and LC<sub>30</sub> (the concentrations that result in 15 and 30 percent lethality, respectively) impact reproduction, behavior, development, and physiology. This study assessed the effects of different concentrations of spirotetramat, an insecticide that disrupts lipid production, on the biological traits of <i>T. macfarlanei</i>. The LC<sub>15</sub>, LC<sub>30</sub>, LC<sub>50</sub>, and LC<sub>90</sub> values were 2.16, 6.57, 20.54, and 332.81 mg·L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Sublethal concentrations (LC<sub>15</sub> and LC<sub>30</sub>) slightly reduced female fecundity but did not significantly affect development duration, pre-oviposition, oviposition period, or longevity compared to the untreated control group. Life table parameters differed between the treated and control groups, with significant reductions in the intrinsic rate of increase (<i>r</i>), the net reproductive rate (<i>R</i><sub>0</sub>), and the finite rate of increase (<i>λ</i>) for LC<sub>15</sub> and LC<sub>30</sub>. LC<sub>15</sub> and LC<sub>30</sub> had negative effects on the intrinsic rate of increase for females. This study demonstrated that lower lethal concentrations of spirotetramat compromised survivability and negatively impacted the life-table parameters of subsequent generations of <i>T. macfarlanei</i>. These findings highlight the importance of sublethal effects in pest control, offering valuable insights for developing more effective and sustainable integrated pest management strategies.
The culture of migration is so deeply ingrained in the Nepal highlands, that individuals from marginalized households in the western provinces view migration to India as “a rite of passage to adulthood”. The western Himalayan region, due to its close proximity, attracts a significant number of Nepalese migrants during the non-agricultural season, where they engage in informal work opportunities and return to Nepal in the agricultural season. This type of migration is described in existing studies as ãune-jãne, or coming and going, which signifies the temporary and circular nature of the movement. However, over time, migrants have adopted a different approach, with a greater emphasis on choosing temporary migration to Gulf countries while also spending significant time in the western Himalayas, leading to semi-permanent migration as compared to earlier, temporary migration. This semi-permanent migration serves as the central focus of this essay. This photo essay displays the Nepalese migrants who have migrated to the remote regions of Uttarakhand, a state in the western Himalayas of India, and who have been residing in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand for the past few years. It aims to provide a closer peek into the realm of the everyday practices of these migrant workers, focusing on how they build their living space on agricultural fields, which they refer to as “Dyarā”; cultivate the abandoned fallow lands; and are involved in vegetable cultivation. Further, it also tries to show how their children perceive the space and adapt to it.
How do you remake place as home? In Toronto, Tibetan refugees do this through asylum petitions for citizenship, the purchasing of real estate, and the refashioning of a Canadian donut shop as Tibetan cultural space.
This flash ethnography explores the concept of home against the backdrop of the recent spectacle of building destruction and the forceful removal of street vendors enabled by the local government in Kathmandu, Nepal. Rituals provide the structure and stability of what one calls home. Home, and being able to feel home, are not experienced uniformly, especially by people who continue to be questioned about where home is—through the violent disruption of space in which one conducts everyday rituals of livelihood, and the erasure of markers in one’s mental map. It explores how being able to feel and call a place home is changed or severed by the forced inability to continue or renew rituals.
We show that the derivatives in the sense of Fréchet and Gâteaux can be viewed as derivatives oriented towards a star convex set with the origin as center. The resulting oriented differential calculus extends the mean value theorem, the chain rule and the Taylor formula in Banach spaces. Moreover, the oriented derivative decomposes additively along countably infinite orthogonal sums in Hilbert spaces.
Kevin Buchin, Joachim Gudmundsson, Antonia Kalb
et al.
Given a point set $P$ in the Euclidean plane and a parameter $t$, we define an \emph{oriented $t$-spanner} $G$ as an oriented subgraph of the complete bi-directed graph such that for every pair of points, the shortest closed walk in $G$ through those points is at most a factor $t$ longer than the shortest cycle in the complete graph on $P$. We investigate the problem of computing sparse graphs with small oriented dilation. As we can show that minimising oriented dilation for a given number of edges is NP-hard in the plane, we first consider one-dimensional point sets. While obtaining a $1$-spanner in this setting is straightforward, already for five points such a spanner has no plane embedding with the leftmost and rightmost point on the outer face. This leads to restricting to oriented graphs with a one-page book embedding on the one-dimensional point set. For this case we present a dynamic program to compute the graph of minimum oriented dilation that runs in $\mathcal{O}(n^7)$ time for $n$ points, and a greedy algorithm that computes a $5$-spanner in $\mathcal{O}(n\log n)$ time. Expanding these results finally gives us a result for two-dimensional point sets: we prove that for convex point sets the greedy triangulation results in a plane oriented $t$-spanner with $t=7.2 \cdot t_g$, where $t_g$ is an upper bound on the dilation of the greedy triangulation.
Introduction. The history of the Chagatai Ulus and Moghulistan remains an understudied area of medieval historiography, which is nonetheless essential enough and can yield a lot to researchers engaged in exploring the history of medieval Genghisid states. And it is Majmu al-Tawarikh by S. Akhsikendi which proves a most valuable source on the theme, since it contains a wealth of historical knowledge on Eastern peoples of the thirteenth to sixteenth centuries, including Kalmaks, Kyrgyzes, Moghuls, etc. Goals. The study examines Majmu al-Tawarikh for data relating to the Chagatai Ulus and Moghulistan, attempts a comparative analysis of the manuscript and other available sources on the investigated states, and seeks to determine the value of the text for Oriental historical science. Materials and methods. The work focuses on published sections of the well-known translations of Majmu al-Tawarikh and Zafarnama. In addition, the historical reliability of the identified data has been verified via the epic poem of Edige, Materials in the History of Kazakh Khanates, and History of Kazakhstan from Persian Sources. The key research principles include those of historicism and systemicity, while the key research methods are the comparative historical and ideographic ones. Results. The paper examines Majmu al-Tawarikh and analyzes data pertaining to the past of the Chagatai Ulus and Moghulistan, provides a historiographic review to explain the significance of the source. Despite some scholars tended to criticize Majmu al-Tawarikh for a variety of revealed inaccuracies and phantasmagorias, they did recognize its certain value. Majmu al-Tawarikh mentions names of a number of khans and emirs of the Chagatai Ulus and Moghulistan — with reported coincidences or differences in other sources. The work sets forth and substantiates a hypothesis that Zafarnama (‘Book of Victories’) by Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi may have been a fifth source for the author of Majmu al-Tawarikh. Conclusions. Majmu al-Tawarikh contains essential information on the history of the Chagataid states, as well as on the history of neighboring territories and peoples. However, the study of the obtained information should be approached critically, and it is urgent to compare the latter to related messages included in other sources. The introduction of the data into scientific discourse shall significantly expand and supplement contemporary historical knowledge on medieval Central Asian states.
History (General), Oriental languages and literatures
In this paper, the inverse problem of the Bitsadze–Samarsky type is studied for a fractional order equation with a
Hadamard–Caputo fractional differentiation operator. The problem is solved using the spectral method. The spectral aspects of
the obtained problem are investigated, root functions are found,
and their basis property is proved. The conjugate problem is investigated. The uniqueness and existence theorems for a regular
solution to this problem are proved.
We characterise the respective semigroups of mappings that preserve, or that preserve or reverse orientation of a finite cycle, in terms of their actions on oriented triples and oriented quadruples. This leads to a proof that the latter semigroup coincides with the semigroup of all mappings that preserve intersections of chords on the corresponding circle.
Los primeros estudios experimentales sobre el uso de Internet revelaron un efecto negativo de este sobre la acumulación de capital social. Desde entonces, muchos estudios han identificado efectos positivos. Estos resultados poco concluyentes se deben a la diversidad de usos de Internet, la ambigüedad conceptual del término ‘capital social’, la falta de estudios sobre diferentes culturas, y las limitaciones metodológicas de la inferencia causal. En este estudio, aplicamos inferencia causal estadística a datos del Asian Barometer Survey para estudiar si el uso de las redes sociales para conectar con otras personas incrementa el capital social en cuatro países y territorios de Asia Oriental. Hallamos resultados dispares, sin efectos claramente positivos en el impacto del uso de las redes sociales sobre la participación en asociaciones y la confianza en general. En cambio, vemos que el uso de las redes sociales incrementa el tamaño de la red interpersonal de forma bastante consistente. También analizamos las repercusiones de estos resultados.
Kemal Varol’s 2014 novel Haw is an account of the multiple facets of the war between the Turkish army, Kurdish guerrilla and other underground organizations during the 1990s in eastern Turkey, recounted by a dog. İdris Baluken’s Oko (2019) is the story of its eponymous dog protagonist Oko’s journey as he finds himself involved in a group fighting to prevent another dog massacre from happening again. By looking at two contemporary novels that address the Kurdish issue in Turkey from the perspective of dogs, this paper aims to explore the implications of the biopolitical reach of the sovereign state and its impact on the definition of citizenship. Taking this shared symbol as a point of departure, this paper investigates nation-building processes in Turkey and how the definition of citizenship is contingent on the voices and languages that are silenced. What is the relation between language and belonging? To what language does one belong? What possibilities of resistance does the language of the non-human animal contain in its encounter with the violence of the sovereign power?
Indo-Iranian languages and literature, Literature (General)
This paper addresses the ritualized power-balancing act illustrated by investiture ceremonies of what in Romanian historiography are designated as Phanariot princes or hospodars. The discussion focuses on the specific gifts exchanged in the highly ritualized transfer of power from the sultan to the Phanariot throne contender in the Danubian Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia in the 18th and 19th century. What are the symbols and meanings assigned to these gifts? What does sharing food at the sultan’s table and replicating the custom in Wallachia and Moldavia represent in terms of the Ottoman system and the local power dynamic? What do the textiles used in the ceremonial investiture signify in terms of regulating the relation between the sultan and the throne contender? The use of specific markers for each stage has an anthropological value; however, the emphasis on material culture in a symbolical setting would make it more suitable for a cultural history methodology. Given the recent contribution of Romanian scholars on the topic of the mobility of material culture, especially in the confirmation of post-1821 rulers of Moldavia, the paper also engages with how the historiographical discourse has constructed the interval between 1711/1716 and 1821 as a particular historical period.
Indo-Iranian languages and literature, Literature (General)