Hasil untuk "Architectural engineering. Structural engineering of buildings"

Semi Emrah Aslay

Crystal Tang, Judy Bush

Non-communicable diseases are rising globally and require holistic responses to address the social and environmental determinants that shape health outcomes. Transport is one such determinant of health, and active transport (walking and cycling) has been correlated with a reduction in cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease and diabetes. However, rising urban temperatures pose barriers to active transport goals, by discouraging outdoor physical activity and increasing exposure to heat-related illness. Urban planning has the potential to tackle emerging public health threats through interventions in the built environment that increase physical activity, improve air quality and reduce urban heat. For example, many cities are implementing urban forest strategies and street tree planting. This study triangulates policy and spatial analysis to investigate how the City of Melbourne’s transport and urban forestry strategies are aligned to achieve public health goals. This study finds that while the City of Melbourne embeds the social determinants of health framework into its policies, it can do more to strengthen linkages between policies to achieve public health goals. Additionally, cycling infrastructure and tree canopy can be better aligned to respond to interconnected health and climate challenges. These complex and interconnected challenges require integrated solutions, yet disciplinary silos limit policy and infrastructure alignment. Policy relevance City planners are increasingly facing intersecting complex challenges that span multiple policy domains, such as the rise of non-communicable diseases, and resulting public health implications at the same time as climate change impacts, such as urban heatwaves, increase in frequency and severity. These urban challenges require coordinated interdisciplinary solutions. Active transport and urban forestry are built-form interventions that cities may adopt to increase physical activity and facilitate urban cooling. Greater policy and infrastructure alignment will drive more integrated solutions to tackle common public health goals. This study applies a combination of policy and spatial analysis to generate insights into the alignment of active transport, urban forestry and public health and wellbeing policies and goals in the City of Melbourne, with insights applicable to cities around the world. It highlights the benefits that can flow from bringing together policy development across these domains to foster multifunctional outcomes. In particular, aligning the active transport network with existing urban forest canopy may support uptake in the short term, while planning for tree planting locations that create a shaded active transport network may also support the future resilient and healthy city.

Tomoko Tokumura, Hiroki Takahashi, Kazuki Wada et al.

Abstract This study explores the pre‐ and post‐renovation differences in communication behaviors of office workers at a construction company's research facility that had carried out renovations to promote open innovation through internal and external interactions. We conducted an analysis by combining both objective survey of conversation time, conversation partners, and stay location information using sensing terminals and subjective evaluations by office workers using a questionnaire survey. As the work style transitioned from fixed seats pre‐renovation to activity‐based working post‐renovation, the attendance rate analysis around each worker's personal workspace throughout the measurement period decreased from 74% to 60%, and the tendency to use various places in the office increased. Additionally, the number of conversation partners increased by 1.9 times on average and inter‐department conversation rate increased from 46% to 53% when activity‐based working was performed post‐renovation. However, while the introduction of activity‐based working significantly increased the level of communication satisfaction among workers in other departments, it tended to decrease the level of communication satisfaction within a department. This study maintains that organizational and operational efforts must sustain and promote intra‐departmental communication when activity‐based working is introduced and confirms that the introduction of activity‐based working was effective in promoting interaction between office workers.

Atsushi Suzuki, Ruiyu Che, Takeru Niihori et al.

ABSTRACT In general, a steel beam is connected to a concrete slab using shear connectors, forming a composite beam. This composite action shifts the neutral axis under bending, resulting in a buckling behavior that differs from that of a bare steel beam. Moreover, the structural performance of composite beams is significantly influenced by the stress transfer mechanism facilitated by the shear connectors. However, the impact of shear connector and slab properties on buckling behavior has not been fully explored. To address this gap, this research first proposes a simplified method. For modeling composite beams that accurately reflects the behavior of shear connectors. Additionally, a comprehensive parametric study is conducted using an experimentally validated finite element analysis (FEA) model, exploring the influence of various shear connectors and slab properties. Based on the analytical results, a modified evaluation index and equation are ultimately proposed to enhance the assessment of composite beam performance.

Belén Onecha, Patricio Suárez

In the current context of necessary reduction of environmental impact, retrofitting historical buildings is essential, but it must be specified the total carbon footprint, considering the original construction and the current restoration. This research has a double objective: firstly, to develop a methodology to establish the carbon footprint of three historic Catalan Modernist buildings at the time of their construction; and secondly, to determine the carbon footprint of the restoration works of one of them. An exhaustive analysis is carried on about the materials used, their extraction, transportation and manufacturing methods at the time. Following the methodological structure of contemporary EPDs and LCA, both aligned with the UNE-EN 15804 standard. This ensures methodological consistency between historical and modern datasets and provides a robust basis for comparison. Then, the embodied carbon of these buildings is compared with that of modern buildings construction, in order to establish which is higher. Finally, the carbon footprint of retrofitting one of them is also calculated. The importance of this research lies in the methodology for the quantification of the total environmental impact of historic buildings, from their original construction to their restoration. The limitation of the study lies in the fact that only one of the three case studies has been retrofitted so far.

Joy Chandra Bormon

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) plays a critical role in ensuring the safety, serviceability, and long-term resilience of foundations and high-rise structures, especially in urban areas susceptible to seismic events, wind loads, and environmental degradation. Conventional SHM techniques, which rely on periodic inspections and isolated sensing devices, often fall short in providing continuous, real-time, and predictive assessments of structural integrity. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning into SHM frameworks has opened new possibilities for intelligent, data-driven infrastructure management.This paper presents an AI-assisted SHM framework specifically tailored for foundations and high-rise buildings. The proposed system combines distributed Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, vibration-based monitoring, and advanced machine learning algorithms to analyze large volumes of structural response data. Techniques such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are employed to detect hidden patterns, classify damage states, and predict long-term settlement or degradation trends. Numerical simulations and case studies demonstrate that AI-assisted SHM significantly enhances early anomaly detection, improves prediction accuracy, and enables adaptive monitoring under both operational and extreme loading conditions.The findings underscore the potential of AI-enhanced SHM to revolutionize infrastructure management. By supporting proactive maintenance, reducing life-cycle costs, and improving resilience, this framework provides a pathway toward safer and more sustainable high-rise construction in hazard-prone regions.

Elvira R. Kuzhakhmetova, Valerii I. Sutyrin

The authors present the results of a modal analysis of finite element models of a large-span building with a cylindrical-and-slab roof as a large mechanical system. During the numerical study, the following spatial models are considered: 1) superstructure - fixed-end; 2) superstructure - pile foundation - soil base. The purpose of the study is to compare the results of a modal analysis of the design of a large-span building with different boundary conditions, physical and mechanical properties of the soil base. Modal analysis of a large-span building with a cylindrical-and-slab roof was carried out using the Femap NX Nastran CAE-class software package implementing the finite element method. The authors compare the frequencies and modes of natural oscillations of the construction of spatial models obtained on models of types 1 and 2 of the large-span building with a cylindrical-and-slab roof. As a result of the modal analysis of model 2, the influence of the physical and mechanical properties of the soil base on the characteristics of the structure's own oscillation was revealed. In the prospect, it is proposed to conduct a dynamic analysis of a large-span building with a cylindrical-and-slab roof for seismic effects.

Iulius Stroe, Ionel SIMION

A vertebral compression fracture is a compression of a vertebra, which occurs in the anterior portion of the vertebral body. In the treatment of compression-induced spinal fractures, there are two main directions of treatment: conservative treatment (bed rest, pharmacological treatment, orthosis) and minimally invasive surgical treatment - vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, combined technology (uses implant and cement in the treatment method). Recently, coupled with technological advancements, the combined technology has become increasingly attractive to manufacturers of implantable medical devices. This article presents the combined technologies for minimally invasive surgical treatment that are currently available. Some of them have already been used to treat compression-induced spinal fractures for nearly a decade, sometimes being regarded as a reference for new medical devices entering the market.

Maria Christina Prasetya, Frengky Benediktus Ola

The basement lobby area in Campus II of Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta was originally designed to function as a vehicle parking and laboratory space with noise-generating equipment, but it is currently being used as a place for students to do assignments. Meanwhile, it has been discovered that psychosocial stress can be caused by continuous exposure to noise, thereby, making it necessary to consider the quality factor of the indoor environment of this area for students use. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of the noise in the basement lobby area on student work productivity and psychosocial stress. This involved the use of a quantitative method by measuring the noise level using Phonic PAA3 per one point in the 4 segments of the corridor according to the provisions of SNI 7231:2009. Moreover, a qualitative approach was also applied by distributing online and offline questionnaires to determine the perception of noise, psychosocial stress, and its effect on work productivity. A total of 109 respondents consisting of 48 architecture, 40 civil engineering, and 21 techno-biology students using the lobby as a place to do assignments were used as the respondents. The data obtained were analyzed using a simple regression method in the SPSS25 program. It is important to note that the quantitative and qualitative measurements were not conducted simultaneously. The results showed that the study room does not fulfill the standard reference value of 45dB required for the noise level as indicated by the highest and lowest noise (Leq) values recorded to be 74.10dB and 64.34dB in segments B and A, respectively, as well as the overall average of 70.1dB. Furthermore, the combination of the qualitative and quantitative data showed that the noise affects students' psychosocial stress by 43% and productivity by 45%, hence, this means the noise reduced the student productivity. Therefore, the noise factor needs to be considered in planning a workspace or converting the function of space in order to ensure its purpose is achieved maximally.

Valentina Giacometti, Alessandro Greco, Carola Ricci et al.

The University of Pavia, established in 1361, is well known for its historical and cultural importance, also reflected in the value of its architectural heritage. It includes several ancient structures, most of which are located in the city centre. The Palazzo Centrale is the main building: its architectural complexity is due to its big dimensions and composite configuration, the result of an expansion process during several centuries. Moreover, it is one of the rare examples of “passing architecture” allowing people to cross the building from the cardo of the Roman grid of Pavia, Corso Strada Nuova, towards the eastern part of the city centre. For these reasons, Palazzo Centrale presents several difficulties of accessibility and orientation for students, visiting academics and cultural tourists, but most of all for people with blindness or low vision. To tackle this problem, the research team is developing a pilot project in collaboration with a specialised NGO for the installation of vocal aids helping the orientation through selected paths. The project is aimed at providing a smartphone APP able to intercept the signals emitted by small e-beacons and to receive voice information enabling users to move easily and independently through a selected accessible path. The vocal aids will use the architectural elements to characterise and describe the space, underlining not only the obstacles to be avoided but also the points of interest for historical, architectural, and academic reasons. Once tested, this solution could be widespread also to other University buildings, creating more accessible, inclusive, and thus sustainable environments for students and tourists, in compliance with the international standards.

Leysan Sh. Akhtyamova, Batyr M. Yazyev, Anton S. Chepurnenko et al.

The study proposes a technique for optimizing trihedral lattice tower structures from the condition of maximum critical load. Towers with a cross section of elements in the form of round pipes are considered. The load is represented by a horizontal concentrated force at the upper end of the tower, simulating the operation of a wind turbine. A constraint on the constancy of the mass of the structure is introduced. The variable parameters are the width of the tower, which varies in height, the height of the panels, the external diameters of the cross-section of the chords and lattice. The solution of the nonlinear optimization problem is performed in the MATLAB environment using the Optimization Toolbox and Global Optimization Toolbox packages. A tower of constant width is taken as the initial approximation. The calculation of the critical load is performed by the finite element method in a linear formulation by solving the eigenvalue problem. To solve the nonlinear optimization problem, the interior point method, the pattern search method and the genetic algorithm are used. The efficiency of the listed methods is compared. It has been found that the interior point method is the most efficient. The critical load for the optimal tower compared to the tower of constant width with the same mass increased by 2.3 times.

Mette Mechlenborg, Kirsten Gram-Hanssen

Privately owned, domestic photovoltaic (PV) panels can play an important role in the transition to a low-carbon society by producing renewable energy for the grid and engaging households in energy management. In both aspects, gender is an issue, leading to the development of new theoretical concepts, 'e.g'. the ‘resource man’, the ‘flexibility woman’ and the ‘mother-multiple’. However, a deeper understanding of the role of masculinity may reveal gender complicity and can inform the design of these technologies to be more inclusive. This ethnographic study investigates masculine roles, practices and domesticities for energy management activities in the home. It examines Danish PV owners as domestic prosumers based on in-depth qualitative interviews of 18 participants in 12 households. The use of PV technologies (and their interfaces) reproduces several masculine domesticities that work both productively and counterproductively with feminine domesticities. Technology and energy management are often situated as male hobbies related to masculine self-expression, identity and homemaking. To unlock the full potential of sustainable energy engagement consumption and practices, both masculine and feminine approaches are needed at the conceptual and practical levels.   'Practice relevance' The successful deployment and operation of domestic PV systems depends on aligning the timing of production and consumption of energy in a household. This involves both traditional male and female domains within a household. Significant gaps in understandings, communication and practices were found in many households due to gendered roles. This compromises the potential of domestic generation of renewable energy. Awareness of gender relations can promote the integration and improve practices by providing households with information about technical and less technical aspects of time-shifting practices. Both feminine and masculine understandings of technology, practices and energy consumption are necessary for a more effective transition to the use of smart energy technologies, and with a more equal distribution of these competencies and practices in households with heterosexual couples. In addition, the design and usability of smart energy technology should embrace the needs of both female and male users.

Sophia A. Pechorskaya, Vera V. Galishnikova, Shishai B. Gebreslassie et al.

There are numerous software applications available to analyze and design massive projects in short time. Most of the software have 2-dimensional and 3-dimen- sional tools, while various structural engineers employ the use of the 3D analysis and design tools in their day-to-day tasks because of its ease to operate and graphical user interface. These tools help in modeling, analyzing, and design of structures much more efficient. Despite the availability of numerous software products, there are confusions on the software to be used in the analysis and design of specific building structures. There is a need of studying the strength and weakness of some of these software tools to help structural engineers in the selection of the best application in their daily tasks. The aim of this study is to investigate the structural analysis of high-rise building with ETABS and RSA software and compare the influences of the structural analysis results from the two software in design. The comparison between the axial forces and moment from the results of ETABS and RSA software are presented. Case studies are considered to analyze the structure with the gravitational loads and lateral loads due to wind load by the two software applications. The case studies include a thirty-stories reinforced concrete building frame. The results of the analysis of the frame are compared and their difference is presented. From the analysis, the results show that, the moments and forces presented from RSA are bigger than that of ETABS.

Jeferson Cristiano Tavares

O propósito deste artigo é problematizar o lugar da infraestrutura na construção das cidades brasileiras no período entre as décadas de 1930 e 1970 por meio da análise das obras de arquitetura e urbanismo que efetivaram investimentos na provisão infraestrutural. Parte-se dos conceitos de rede e tecnoburocracia para compreender como o território se constitui quando a infraestrutura torna-se estratégia das políticas públicas. O objeto dessa análise é a relação entre o planejamento e o processo de urbanização que se dá pela materialização das ações planejadoras, e o método apoia-se na compreensão da história urbana de Bernard Lepetit pelo reconhecimento da formação de sistemas em diferentes escalas. As conclusões demonstram que a apropriação dos padrões técnicos de infraestrutura pelas decisões políticas, entre as décadas de 1930 e 1970, resultou na configuração urbana e regional do espaço brasileiro pela constituição de redes de cidades, de equipamentos, de serviços e de moradias, mas também pela sua concentração desigual e setorizada no território ao transformar a infraestrutura em estratégia de desenvolvimento econômico.

Fionn Stevenson, Alison Kwok

Highlights Education and training are identified as a key means of reducing carbon emissions from buildings to help address the climate emergency. Institutional, industry and organisational responses are shown to be failing in this regard. This editorial introduces the themes and individual papers in the special issue and then explores the current state of the art through pedagogy, theory, training, policy, practice and standards. These areas are interrogated through three fundamental questions. How can education and training be rapidly changed to ensure the creation of zero-carbon built environments? How can this transition be implemented successfully? What positive examples and models can be drawn upon or adapted? In proposing an agenda for change, a new approach to education is set out which combines learning outcomes with new standards and personal values within a continual questioning and holding to account of all stakeholders involved through evidenced outcomes. This draws on evidence from the special issue and Capability Theory which allies competency with personhood to create capability through agency. The process to make this change requires: (1) government intervention, to ensure that the lowest common denominator is zero-carbon best practice within a negotiated, holistic approach to developing the built environment sustainably; (2) new ethical, interdisciplinary and collective educational working practices underpinned by new pedagogical theory and accreditation processes; and (3) rapid auditing and upskilling in climate literacy to bring pressure to bear on governments and institutions to carry out reforms.

Carinna Soares de Sousa, Almir Francisco Reis

A realidade brasileira tem mostrado umafastamento progressivo entre o homem e os rios urbanos: cidades com processos de crescimento urbano e estruturas naturais diferenciadas têm repetido uma relação de negligência e descaso nas margens desses corpos d’água. Partindo dessa premissa, este trabalho identifica relações espaciais estabelecidas entre traçado urbano e cursos d’água, tipificando interfaces e ambiências urbanas aí presentes. Problematizando o papel das configurações espaciais no desenvolvimento de condições adequadas para apropriação social e preservação ambiental nas margens dos rios urbanos, realizaram-se estudos morfológicos, complementados por leituras de campo, em duas bacias hidrográficas: a bacia hidrográfica do córrego Cascavel, na cidade de Goiânia, e a bacia hidrográfica do rio Itacorubi, situada em Florianópolis. A partir desses estudos de caso, que apresentam bacias hidrográficas em situações geomorfológicas e urbanísticas bastante específicas, o trabalho conclui que, na preservação dos rios urbanos, urbanidade e efetiva apropriação podem ser valores auxiliares para torná-los mais visíveis, reconhecíveis e acessíveis no cotidiano de sua população.

José Vela Castillo

Cinco estampas de Ryōan-ji son cinco aproximaciones al famoso jardín seco emplazado en el templo del mismo nombre en Kioto. Se ha buscado a través de ellas explorar distintas particularidades de este jardín y, por extensión, de los jardines secos japoneses de inspiración Zen desde distintos medios: la narrativa (Kawabata), la música (Cage y Takemitsu), el cine (Ozu, Iimura), la arquitectura (Isozaki y Mies, tangencialmente). No se ha pretendido ofrecer una visión unitaria de Ryōan-ji, antes bien, como el deslumbramiento en el verso final de un haiku, se ha querido construir un mecanismo de iluminaciones parciales que muestre, al menos, parte de su compleja esencia; pero que también ilumine simultáneamente la narrativa, las músicas o la arquitectura que se presenta. El protagonista real del texto es la muy particular espacialidad que pone en marcha este jardín (y la temporalidad que lo acompaña), así como el constante reenvío en el juego de huellas de sus (posibles) significados, que se diseminan en los distintos medios.

A. Thakur, Roshni J John

In present era, Flat slab buildings are commonly used for the construction. The use of flat slab building provides many advantages in terms of architectural flexibility, use of space, easier formwork and shorter construction time. The structural efficiency of the flat-slab construction is hindered by its poor performance under earthquake loading. The performance of flat slab and the vulnerability of purely flat slab models under different load conditions and under different grades of concrete were studied and for the analysis, seismic zone III is considered. The analysis is done with using E-Tabs software. It is necessary to analyze seismic behavior of building for different grades of concrete to see what changes are going to occur if the grade flat slab building changes. Therefore, the characteristics of the seismic behavior of flat slab suggest that additional measures for guiding the conception and design of these structures in seismic regions are needed and to improve the performance of building having flat slabs under seismic loading. The object of the present work is to compare the behaviour of multi-storey commercial buildings having different types of flat slabs with different grade of concrete and under seismic forces. Present work provides a good source of information on the parameters lateral displacement, storey drift, storey shear, column moments and axial forces, time period. Keywords— Flat Slab, Types of flat Slab, Grade of Concrete

Kesumaning Dyah Larasati, A. Pamungkas, S. Nurlaela

Surabaya has various kinds of potential aspects both economic, demographic, and infrastructure support, so that attract the domestic as well as foreign investment. This economic activity was followed by the land use change that responds to the demand for housing and settlements. Not only horizontally, but vertical developments also began to develop marked by the increased number of high-rise buildings. To prevent uncontrolled building growth, building permit or Izin Mendirikan Bangunan (IMB) became one of the spatial control instruments in Surabaya. Apart from the economic aspect, Surabaya also has a potential risk of earthquake, which newly announced in 2017 by The National Earthquake Center. This paper aims to review building permit regulations in Surabaya from the perspective of potential earthquake risk management. It can be analtyzed based on structural, architectural, and building utilities requirements of building permit regulation. In order to build resilience against earthquakes, Surabaya need to modify the building permit requirements that refer to building resilience principles. Keywords—Building permit; regulation; Surabaya;

Ertugrul Turker Uzun, M. Seçer

Abstract Buildings primarily provide shelter and acceptable comfort for its intended occupiers and they should also provide adequate protection in case of hazards. Unfortunately, in case of seismic events it is observed that in many cases earthquakes caused considerable damage to residential and commercial buildings, public facilities and infrastructures with substantial casualties due to inadequate engineering and faulty in construction practices. In this study, a reinforced concrete residential building that collapsed in 1999 Kocaeli Turkey Earthquake (MW 7.4) is focused and investigated using current seismic code. Afterwards, building is virtually retrofitted considering architectural plan and using common retrofitting methods for satisfying current seismic code requirements. These retrofit alternatives are then evaluated from structural, cost and environmental aspects and outcomes are discussed. Since structural components that are used in retrofitting the building consumes natural resources and responsible for energy consumption, sustainability criteria should be directly included in the retrofitting requirements. Consequently, structural engineers are able to use natural resources efficiently and reduce the environmental impacts in retrofitting.