Hasil untuk "1789-"

Aurora Giralt i Pérez

Aquest article té l’objectiu de repassar l’estat de la qüestió sobre els estudis envers la màxima institució d’assistència i beneficència del franquisme: l’Auxilio Social. Es pretén elaborar una revisió crítica de les investigacions envers la matèria des de finals de la dècada dels setanta i inicis dels vuitanta del segle XX, fins a l’avaluació del panorama actual. La proposta s’estructura en tres grans blocs que responen a criteris de classificació cronològica, amb la finalitat de posar èmfasi en l’evolució acadèmica d’aquest particular objecte d’estudi, la metodologia emprada i les principals línies d’investigació i interpretació. Finalment, es proposa un balanç general de l’estat actual de la recerca i la inclusió de noves línies d’investigació.

Anita Eschner, Paolo G. Albano, Katharina Mason et al.

The Natural History Museum Vienna houses a valuable and rich mollusc collection that traces back to the early days of the Linnaean system of nomenclature. Its foundation was laid by Emperor Franz I Stephan of Lorraine through the acquisition of the extensive natural history collection of Johann Ritter von Baillou in 1748. After the Emperor’s death, Ignaz von Born was commissioned to organise the imperial collection. Born began with the study of shells and produced a compact yet extensive book in 1778, containing numerous new species, followed by a lavishly illustrated version in 1780. He was among the first to adopt the Linnaean system, thereby making the names he introduced available according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Due to the high number of available names and the early publication of his works, Born’s new species and the collection in Vienna play a pivotal role in molluscan taxonomy. Here, we present specimens from the Born collection bearing type status and belonging to Bivalvia, Scaphopoda, and Brachiopoda, including specimens illustrated by Born and later referred to by other authors for the introduction of new names (e.g., Cardium oblongum Gmelin, 1791; C. ventricosum Bruguière, 1789). We designated the lectotype of Cardium aeolicum Born, 1778 to stabilise the nomenclature. We considered the name Cardium magnum Born, 1780 to be unavailable, and thus its use for the designation of the type species of the genus Dinocardium inappropriate. Therefore, we designated Cardium ventricosum Bruguière, 1789 as the new type species of the genus.

Osmar Isay Urías Flores, Iram Isaí Evangelista Ávila

El presente artículo aborda la relevancia histórica de dos publicaciones literarias chihuahuenses, de la cuales se desprendieron autorías dominantes dentro del campo literario que cimentarían un canon en Chihuahua capital durante la década de los ochenta del siglo XX. El domingo 13 de noviembre de 1977 se edita el suplemento cultural “Cosecha”, a iniciativa del profesor Francisco Flores Aguirre, entonces director de la Escuela de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua (UACH), en la recién nacida sección “C” de El Heraldo de Chihuahua. En octubre del siguiente año, Lourdes Carrillo y Federico Urtaza editan de manera independiente el primer número de la revista Palabras sin arrugas. Durante el periodo de publicación de ambos espacios culturales, emergieron posiciones dominantes por parte de sus autores, situación que se vio reflejada en el campo literario durante las siguientes décadas. “Cosecha” y Palabras sin arrugas fueron importantes para las autorías que recién comenzaban a publicar sus textos literarios en tanto que determinaron sus respectivas posiciones. Para el siguiente análisis, se tomarán los conceptos de campo literario y habitus de Pierre Bourdieu (2002), así como “canon” de Wendell V. Harris e Itamar Even-Zohar, que se desprende de su teoría de los polisistemas culturales. De esta manera, se explicará mejor el papel que ambas publicaciones representaron dentro del campo literario de Chihuahua capital.

Haibin Deng, Fatlind Malsiu, Huixiang Ge et al.

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, with radiotherapy as a key treatment modality for inoperable cases. Lactate, once considered a by-product of anaerobic cellular metabolism, is now considered critical for cancer progression. Lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) converts lactate to pyruvate and supports mitochondrial metabolism. In this study, a re-analysis of our previous transcriptomic data revealed that LDHB silencing in the NSCLC cell lines A549 and H358 dysregulated 1789 genes, including gene sets associated with cell cycle and DNA repair pathways. LDHB silencing increased H2AX phosphorylation, a surrogate marker of DNA damage, and induced cell cycle arrest at the G1/S or G2/M checkpoint depending on the p53 status. Long-term LDHB silencing sensitized A549 cells to radiotherapy, resulting in increased DNA damage and genomic instability as evidenced by increased H2AX phosphorylation levels and micronuclei accumulation, respectively. The combination of LDHB silencing and radiotherapy increased protein levels of the senescence marker p21, accompanied by increased phosphorylation of Chk2, suggesting persistent DNA damage. Metabolomics analysis revealed that LDHB silencing decreased nucleotide metabolism, particularly purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis, in tumor xenografts. Nucleotide supplementation partially attenuated DNA damage caused by combined LDHB silencing and radiotherapy. These findings suggest that LDHB supports metabolic homeostasis and DNA damage repair in NSCLC, while its silencing enhances the effects of radiotherapy by impairing nucleotide metabolism and promoting persistent DNA damage.

Shravan Venkatraman, V. Pandiyaraju, A. Abeshek et al.

Being the most commonly known neurodegeneration, Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is annually diagnosed in millions of patients. The present medical scenario still finds the exact diagnosis and classification of AD through neuroimaging data as a challenging task. Traditional CNNs can extract a good amount of low-level information in an image while failing to extract high-level minuscule particles, which is a significant challenge in detecting AD from MRI scans. To overcome this, we propose a novel Granular Feature Integration method to combine information extraction at different scales along with an efficient information flow, enabling the model to capture both broad and fine-grained features simultaneously. We also propose a Bi-Focal Perspective mechanism to highlight the subtle neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques in the MRI scans, ensuring that critical pathological markers are accurately identified. Our model achieved an F1-Score of 99.31%, precision of 99.24%, and recall of 99.51%. These scores prove that our model is significantly better than the state-of-the-art (SOTA) CNNs in existence.

Muntaha M. Hadi, Majid Rasheed Majeed

The aim of this research is production of disinfection (Dettol) contains herbal formula and study the efficacy of it for inhibition of pathogenic bacteria as and comparing with traditional Dettol efficacy. In this research, a herbal disinfectant and antiseptic was prepared similarly to the industrial Dettol and in terms of composition, except for the active substance (chloroxylenol), which was replaced by a plant extract (thyme) and active compound (thymol) separately. total of 50 samples hand swabs were collected randomly from children and housewives and student at university of Baghdad. The following species were isolated from swabs and identified by microscopic morphology, morphological features on culture media, and Vital Index of Traditional Environmental Knowledge(VITEK2)System and that were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia.coli, Bacillus cereus ,pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae.  The results of study showed that the highest antimicrobial activity was belonged to thymol. while a lowest antibacterial effect was belonged to thyme. Highest value of minimum inhibitor concentration (mic) was (0.09) of thymol against staphylococcus aureus while a lowest mic value was (6.25) of thyme against Bacillus cereus the result of minimum bactericidal concertation (mbc) showed that thymol and Dettol were the same value (1.56) against Enterobacter cloacae.

Turan Kandemir, Serdar Ercan, Kemal Ertilav et al.

Amaçİntraparenkimal hematom nedeniyle opere ettiğimizhastaların hematom hacimleri ve preoperatif ASAskorlarının mortaliteye etkisini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.Gereç ve YöntemÇalışmamız hastanemiz Beyin ve Sinir Cerrahisi kliniğindeŞubat 2015 - Şubat 2020 tarihleri arasındaintraparenkimal hematom nedeniyle opere edilen 34hastanın dosyaları geriye dönük olarak taranması ileyürütüldü. Hastaların preoperatif glaskow koma skoru,hematom hacmi, antiagregan kullanımı, hipertansiyonvarlığı, kanamanın lokalizasyonu ve ventriküleaçılıp açılmadığı ve ASA skorları değerlendirilmek içintoplandı.BulgularÇalışmaya dahil edilen 34 hastanın 20’i erkek 14’ükadın hastaydı. Hastaların geliş anındaki ortalamahematom hacimleri 120cm3 ( min:41 – max: 278cm3)’dü. Hastaların takiplerinde 28 tanesi ex olmuşolup mortalite oranımız %82’dir. Hematom hacimleriile mortalite arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmıştır(P0.05).SonuçGlaskow koma skoru ve ASA skoru mortaliteyi belirleyenönemli faktörlerdir. Glaskow koma skoru ve ASAskoru birlikte değerlendirilmelidir. Glaskow koma skorudüşük bile olsa komorbid hastalıkları olmayan hastalardamortalite azalmaktadır.

David H Johnston, Mark Carver, Katrina Foy et al.

The COVID-19 pandemic was the catalyst for unprecedented change within education systems around the world. Teaching and learning which had traditionally taken place in school classrooms suddenly moved online. Teachers’ responses to the emergency changed not just pedagogy but who was teaching as well as when and where teaching took place. Bhabha’s ‘third space’ (1994) provides a way of re-imagining the new spaces (both physical and virtual) which were created in response to the pandemic. We report on data from two research studies in Scotland conducted in the 2020-21 academic year covering two lockdown (stay at home) periods: one comprising interviews with nine educators in Scotland; the other study using two rounds of focus groups with eleven early career teachers. Our research thus enquires into the lockdown practices of a range of teachers and managers across different local authorities in Scotland, exploring how they engaged learners using digital technologies during two national lockdowns. Across both studies, digital technology played a key role in how this third space was mediated and the findings show participants’ emotional highs and lows of working within this new space. It also shows teachers’ changing perceptions of children and families and how power relations evolved over the lockdown periods. Technology facilitated the emergency response, but questions remain as to what the legacy of this forced shift will be. This paper points to the importance of two-way communication between home and school and how third spaces using digital technologies could bring home and school funds of knowledge closer together.

P. M. Parés-Casanova, J. Minoves, J. Soler et al.

Asimetria divergent a les plaques de Testudo hermanni (Gmelin, 1789) pures i híbrides L’asimetria fluctuant (AF) es defineix com la presència de diferències subtils entre els costats dret i esquerre dels organismes bilateralment simètrics o les seves parts. Tant els canvis genètics com els ambientals poden incrementar l’AF, que representa la deterioració en l’homeòstasi del desenvolupament de la morfologia adulta a causa d’una disminució en l’estabilitat del desenvolupament. En aquest estudi examinem, mitjançant tècniques de morfometria geomètrica, asimetries en les plaques del plastró en una mostra de 31 individus purs i encreuats de Testudo (T. hermanni hermanni, n = 23 i els seus encreuaments amb T. hermanni boettgeri, n = 8), només femelles. Per a això utilitzem un conjunt de 19 referències anatòmiques. L’ANOVA de Procrustes va indicar una AF significativament més gran en els encreuaments, que a més van mostrar un grau més elevat de plasticitat fenotípica. Els autors concloem que l’encreuament entre aquestes subespècies podria produir un increment en l’homozigositat que seria responsable d’un augment de la inestabilitat del desenvolupament. D’altra banda, disposar de més informació sobre els fenotips dels encreuaments seria de gran interès per a la cria de la tortuga mediterrània amb vista als programes de reintroducció.

Anna Łysiak-Łątkowska

Folwark Wymysłów was part of the land property Pabianice which until 1795 belonged to the Cracow cathedral chapter. As a result of the 2nd and 3rd partitions of Poland, it was seized by Prussia and included in the then established South Prussia which became a territory of the Prussian settlement action. The seized land properties were divided into farms and organized into new colonies. Wymysłów was one of such settlements, established as a result of parcelling out Folwark Wymysłów. However, it was not populated with the typical Prussian settlers. Frederick William II of Prussia in 1796 gave consent that the land divided in Wymysłów might be settled by the French emigrants who were leaving their country because of the revolution (1789–1799). It was a group of aristocrats one of whom was Stanislas Jean de Boufflers. Granting land to the members of French aristocracy served not only the Prussian policy of settlement of the seized lands, but also implemented one of the principles of the policy of the Prussian authorities towards the emigrants from France, namely separating the refugees in order to prevent them from forming larger groupings in one place. It was also the effect of the contacts established by Stanislas Jean de Boufflers with the King of Prussia. The article describes the rise of the colony Wymysłów as a result of the Prussian settlement action, the emigration policy, and the principles of establishing and running new settlements. It also discusses the questions of the French emigration as a collective and individual experience seen in the context of the revolutionary legislature.

Lucia Santaella

Este artigo discorre sobre a estética da fascinação, aqui caracterizada como uma modalidade estética. O texto está dividido em quatro partes, buscando explicitar os sentidos da fascinação, a questão filosófica, as características de uma estética da fascinação e com um epílogo voltado para algumas reflexões sobre a fascinação no campo da arte.

Fernando Rosas

Este texto dirige o seu debate para os significados do retorno do corporativismo ao estudo da História contemporânea, em geral, e à História do Estado novo português, em particular. Procurando uma hermenêutica do corporativismo enquanto conceito histórico, esta reflexão realça a ligação umbilical das ideias corporativistas aos fascismos do período de entre as duas guerras mundiais, quer ao fascismo-movimento quer aos fascismos-regime. Contestando as perspectivas des-historicizadas do corporativismo, salientam-se as suas principais finalidades instrumentais.

Morris Altman

One of the early key empirical findings of the happiness literature is that at higher levels of per capita real income there appears to be diminishing returns to income at least with regards to marginal changes in ‘happiness’ measured by various survey instruments. Although these results have been recently challenged, these earlier findings and the results of many contemporary studies suggest that an inelastic relationship exists between real per capita income and happiness after a relatively low threshold of per capita income is reached. Appling some of the results of prospect theory I argue that even if it were true that the marginal effect of income on happiness is zero, a reduction in income would probably reduce the level of happiness, yielding a kink in the ‘happiness curve’. Also, applying a target income approach to the happiness literature, one can argue that pursuing higher target income, in itself, is a means of increasing life satisfaction. These two theoretical instruments yield results consistent with some of the most recent empirical finding based on Gallup Poll Survey data. In addition, applying insights from the capabilities approach, I argue, that increasing income is a means of purchasing the capabilities to increase individual levels of happiness through the production of public goods, such as health care and education. A given marginal increase in income need not generate any increase in happiness if this income increase is highly unequally distributed in a population or is not used to purchase goods and services that contribute to increases in the level of happiness.

Justo Serna

Brigitta Palatinus

The main reason of the research is to make a survey of the habits of foreign visitors arriving in Debrecen by air and their satisfaction. What was experienced in 2013 regarding low foreign proportion is also noticable in 2014. In the examined two months, of the whole passenger traffic between London and Debrecen only 10-15% is tourism by foreign visitors. There was not any information before about consumption of tourists arriving in Debrecen by air. In the course of my research I was examining the main elements of consumptions. From the gathered infromation from the questionaires it can be ascertained that on many occasions service providers failed to accomplish satisfying levels, quality. Underachievement occured and the experience of the visitors was worse than their expectations. This gives reasons for the indicators detailed analysis. The results of the satisfaction test might be an essential basis to further develop the city’s tourist products and services in the future. Personal experience of either visitors satisfaction or dissatisfaction, gets stored as a memory which influences future decisions on travelling. Because of this the city has to make an effort to provide higher standards of quality to people travelling into Debrecen by air from the first moment of arrival till the last moment of departure and leave satisffied.

Fernando Molina, Miguel Cabo

Historiografia i nacionalització a Espanya. Reflexions finals

Andrea Emese Matkó, Csaba Berde

One of the five basic factors in the Lengyel-type pyramid model – institutions and social capital – is essential in the economic growth of the region. Economic success however, does not only depend on participants in the economy, but on social factors such as the roles played by local authorities, including their functions, operation and organisational culture, all of which are crucial factors. Based on the results obtained regarding organisational culture it can be stated that performance orientation, dominant motivation based on calculated risk, forward planning and regular feedback are expected values at local authorities in all three counties. All local authorities emphasise the importance of the need for forecasting. Respondents find it important that organisations encourage and reward individual action and contributions as expected values. The degree of human orientation expected by local authorities reflects the fact that respect for colleagues and attention to their well-being should be at the highest level. Reinforcing these organisational culture values (dimensions) is the basis for the efficient and successful operation of organisations (local authorities). The study examines the organisational culture of local authorities in the Northern Great Plain, looking for any relationships it might have with the competitiveness of the region. This study is an element of the wider research into organisational culture. We used the GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organisational Behaviour Effectiveness) survey, which had been successfully applied in the research programme In Competition with the World at the Corvinus University of Budapest. Koopman, Den Hartog, Konrad et al. (1999) examined the culture variables of 21 European countries in organisations. Based on Hungarian and international literature it can be stated that a similar survey of local authorities has not yet been conducted.

Josefina Martínez

Durante la guerra civil española (1936- 1939) el cine se convirtió en una de las armas principales de la retaguardia. En la zona republicana se optó por la colectivización o la incautación de las salas de exhibición y de las empresas cinematográficas para convertirlas en el elemento clave de la propaganda plural del gobierno, partidos y sindicatos, así como en una fuente de ingresos. Las más de 400 obras producidas pretendían educar y elevar la moral de los españoles a la vez que solicitar al resto del mundo una ayuda que nunca llegó. Entre tanto, en la zona rebelde, con poco más de la cuarta parte de la producción, se creaba un aparato cinematográfico único, bajo las claras consignas censoras de la Falange que, tras el triunfo franquista, dirigirá las líneas de la producción cinematográfica nacional. Along the Spanish civil war (1936-1939) the cinema became one of the main weapons in the rear. The republican area the theatres and the cinema companies were either collectivized or withheld to turn them into a key element in the government propaganda, political parties and syndicates, as well as an incoming font. The more-than four hundred of titles produced tried to educate and raise the moral of the Spanish while using the films to pledge for the never coming external help. Meanwhile in the rebel area was produced only a quarter of the pieces, but there was created an unique cinematographic machine highly controlled and censored by the Spanish Falangist party which, after the triumph of Franco, would mark the lines of the national cinematographic production.

J. Conant

Delbert Harold Gilpatrick