Koen Hufkens, Elizabeth Kearsley, Piet Stoffelen
et al.
Abstract We present a unique dataset of historical tropical tree phenology observations at two sites from different bioclimatic regions across the Congo Basin. We cover both the Atlantic Mayombe forest and the tropical forest in the central Congo Basin. To our knowledge this is the complete extant historical (1937–1957) phenology data across the Congo basin. The data contains ~10 million observations of 876 species, across 6339 individuals, and phenology metrics including leaf, flowering, and fruiting phenology. The data were recovered through expert transcription and validated community science based crowdsourcing. These data may provide a reference baseline and key information on how tree species are responding to a changing climate.
Kalpan Ved, Hermann Folke Johann Rolf, Tzvetan Ivanov
et al.
The characteristic of our hearing is essentially based on the mechanics in our inner ear. Around 3000 hair cells in the cochlea decode vibrations into electrical signals, covering frequencies from 0.020–20 kHz with relative resolutions normalized by their natural frequency of 0.1%–0.4% and a high dynamic range of 0–120 dB. These dynamic properties can be described by critical oscillators as they provide high resolution and nonlinear response near their critical points. However, the wide frequency range cannot be achieved as high sensitivity requires high Q -factors and is therefore associated with narrow frequency range. To overcome this, frequency tunability could be used to increase the detectable frequency range while maintaining high sensitivity. One solution to achieve frequency tuning is the mutual coupling of oscillators. To this end, a bio-inspired sensing system based on coupled resonators tuned near their critical points is presented, whose frequency can be tuned by varying the feedback of the individual resonator. In the coupled system three Andronov–Hopf bifurcations are identified, where two of them enable frequency tunability. We show that this adaptability of the frequency enables the coverage of a wide frequency range with limited number of resonators and yet preserves a high resolution with low number of resonators, which make them suitable for hardware implementation.
Thymus quinquecostatus Celak., a traditional aromatic edible plant from Lamiaceae, is widely used as food additive, food condiment, spice, and herbal teas. Polyphenol-rich fraction of T. quinquecostatus (PRF) has been proven to be effective protective effect for cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI) in our previous study. In this study, we developed a novel "Gut flora-Compound-Target-Pathway" (GCTP) network based on network pharmacology coupled with gastrointestinal metabolism for screening bio-active components, key targets and gut floras through the classical technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). This compensates for the lack of gut floras and gastrointestinal metabolism in network pharmacology. Firstly, four incubation models covering simulated gastric juice, simulated intestinal juice, gut floras of normal and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) rat in vitro were applied to PRF. The 109 proto-components and 64 metabolites were elucidated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Q exactive orbitrap-mass spectrometry (UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS). Then, the key targets of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), tyrosine-protein kinase fyn (FYN), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), amyloid precursor protein (APP), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and gut floras of Enterococcus avium LY1 were selected. Moreover, the selected key proto-components were rosmarinic acid, daidzein, quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, methyl rosmarinate, kaempferol, luteoloside, and caffeic acid, and the key metabolites were isokaempferide, isorhamnetin, isoquercetin, and mangiferin. Binding of compounds to the key proteins was analyzed by molecular docking, and also verified though an 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride (AAPH) induced oxidative stress zebrafish model and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays. This study provides a new idea and a better understanding of PRF for its protective effects on CIRI and its underlying mechanisms.
<p>
X. Shen, Y. Guo, X. Wang, Y. Ye, Q. Chi, W. Zhou, Y. Xu, P. Wu, H. Zhou, Y. Chen, C. Li, Y. Chen
</p>
<p>
Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
</p>
<p>
<b>Aim:</b> to develop a novel baffle to decrease aerosols and microbial aerosols produced during non-contact tonometry (NCT) measurements.
</p>
<p>
<b>Materials and Methods: </b>the cluster analysis performed by Autof Analyzer software contained in MALDI-TOF MS (Autof MS 600, Autobio, China) based on microbes detected in microbial aerosols samples during NCT measurements, in human conjunctiva samples, in the air and typical strains in the database. Overall, 1594 person-time were included. The participants randomly divided into groups: NCT with a novel antimicrobial aerosol nanocomposite baffle (Group 1), NCT with a plastic baffle (Group 2), NCT without a baffle (Group 3) and participants without NCT measurements (Background investigation). NCT measurements performed in Groups 1–3.We used Air quality detectors and Air Ideal® 3P to monitor and sample aerosols and microbial aerosols during NCT measurements. Blood agar plates (Bio-kont, China) were used in the microbial sampler with a diameter of 90 mm. The plates were kept in aerobic conditions at about 25°C for 3–5 days, then the colonies on the plates were counted.
</p>
<p>
<b>Results: </b>Staphylococcus epidermidis from microbial aerosols samples cluster with those from human samples rather than those from air. Burkholderia spp. and other microbes tested in the microbial aerosols cluster with each other rather than those in the air. Aerosols and microbial aerosols in the background did not show stable accumulation effect nor upward trend. Compared with the increasing trend of aerosols and microbial aerosols in Group 2 and Group 3, those in Group 1 were low,and showing a significant downward trend.
</p>
<p>
<b>Conclusion: </b>Aerosolized ocular surface microorganisms (AOSM) can spread by human eyes NCT measured, pathogens may among them. The effect of plastic baffle was beneficial but volatile. Antimicrobial aerosol nano-composite baffle can effectively reduce aerosols and microbial aerosols during NCT measurements.
</p>
<p>
<b>Keywords: </b>Baffle, Bio-aerosols, Global human health, Nanocomposites, Non-contact tonometer, COVID-19, Infection surveillance and control, Glaucoma, Cornea, Sampling method.
</p>
<p>
<b>For citation:</b> Shen X., Guo Y., Wang X., Ye Y., Chi Q., Zhou W., Xu Y., Wu P., Zhou H., Chen Y., Li C., Chen Y. A novel nanomaterial baffle decrease aerosols and microbial aerosols during non-contact tonometry measurements. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2024;24(4):217–221 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2024-24-4-9
</p>
Wireless body sensor networks are intelligent enough to efficiently sense the signals for vital parameters of the patient, which aids in offering a better healthcare facility to the patients. Wearable bio-sensors with networking capability have led to the possibility of implementing WBSN and thus promising health care facility can be offered to the community with this upcoming technology. These WBSN basically consist of few sensors or nodes that observe the vital parameters of the patient and communicate them to the required destination with the help of the intermediate nodes, through the best possible paths. This paper proposes a Cluster-based routing Protocol using reinforcement learning with Q-Learning approach to achieve optimal route. Simulations are carried with a set of biomedical sensors covering an area of 1000 × 1000 m2. The simulation is carried out for … seconds. The reinforcement algorithm has been found to route the packets faster when compared with other algorithms.
Electric apparatus and materials. Electric circuits. Electric networks
Louay Mohammed Musa Jasim, Masoud Homayouni Tabrizi, Elham Darabi
et al.
Background: Herniarin, a simple coumarin found in chamomile leaf rosettes is known as the oxidative stress protector. In the current study, herniarin was captured into Graphene oxide nanoparticles and coated with chitosan poly-cationic polymer to be used as a novel bio-compatible nano-drug delivery system and investigate its antioxidant, anti-angiogenic and anti-cancer impacts on human lung A549 cancer cells. Method: The Chitosan-coated Herniarin-Graphene oxide nanoparticles (CHG-NPs) were designed, produced, and characterized utilizing DLS, FESEM, FTIR, and Zeta-potential analysis. The CHG-NPs’ antioxidant activity was analyzed by conducting ABTS and DPPH antioxidant assays. The CHG-NPs’ anti-angiogenic activity was analyzed by CAM assay and verified by measuring VEGF and VEGFR gene expression levels following their increased treatment doses by applying Q-PCR technique. Finally, the CHG-NPs’ cytotoxicity was studied in the human lung A549 cancer cells. Result: The stable (+27.11 mV) 213.6-nm CHG-NPs significantly inhibited the ABTS/DPPH free radicals and exhibited antioxidant activity. The suppressed angiogenesis process in the CAM vessels was observed by detecting the decreased length/number of the vessels. Moreover, the down-regulated VEGF and VEGFR gene expression of the CAM blood vessels following the increased CHG-NPs treatment doses verified the nanoparticles’ anti-angiogenic potential. Finally, the CHG-NPs significantly exhibited a selective cytotoxic impact on human A549 cancer cells compared with the normal HFF cell line. Conclusion: The selective cytotoxicity, strong antioxidant activity, and significant anti-angiogenic property of the nano-scaled produced CHG-NPs make it an appropriate anticancer nano-drug delivery system. Therefore, the CHG-NPs have the potential to be used as a selective anti-lung cancer compound.
Erdong Gao (EDG), consisting equally of roots of Asparagi Radix and Ophiopogonis Radix, is a well-known traditional Chinese formulation that has been used to treat cough and throat pain for centuries. However, the bioactive components in EDG remain to be elucidated. In this study, a rapid and effective method involving live cell bio-specific extraction and HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was established to rapidly screen and identify the anti-inflammatory compounds of an EDG extract. One hundred and twenty-four components were identified in EDG extract using HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis. After co-incubation with 16HBE, HPAEpiCs and HUVECs, which have been validated as the key target cells for pulmonary diseases, sixteen components were demonstrated to exhibit an affinity for binding to them. Furthermore, fifteen components were subsequently verified to exert anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced 16HBE, HPAEpiCs and HUVECs via inhibiting the release of TNF-α and IL-6, indicating that nine steroidal saponins may possess potential for the treatment of lung-related diseases. Taken together, our study provides evidence that live cell biospecific extraction combined with the HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technique was an efficient method for rapid screening potential bioactive components in traditional Chinese medicines and the structure activity relationship of steroidal saponins in EDG was summarized for the first time.
An experiment was conducted for kharif (2015-16 to 2017-18) in the field conditions to evaluate different insecticide usage tactics as resistance management strategies against Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee a serious shoot and fruit borer pest of brinjal (Solanu melongena L.). The results on bio-efficacy of insecticides revealed that in terms of shoot infestation, rotational strategy (chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 150 ml/ha followed by emmamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 200 ml/ha, spinosad45 SC @ 125 ml/ha, chorpyrifos20EC @ 1000 ml/ha, cypermethrin 25 EC @ 250 ml/ha) was significantly effective and recorded least per cent shoot infestation as compared to other resistance management strategies. Rotational strategy was highly effective in reducing fruit infestation and it was followed by chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, emmamectin benzoate 5SG and Spinosad 45 SC which comes under sequential strategy. Fruit yield obtained highest i.e. 360 q/ha with rotational strategy, however due to higher cost of chemicals, benefit cost ratio was found to be low but net profit was highest and it was followed by sequential strategy and mixture strategy. Based on the overall mean population of natural enemy, i.e. coccinellids (Cheilomenes sexmaculata and Coccinella septempunctata) it was apparent that the majority of the newer molecules were safer to the predator. Hence, rotational strategy, i.e. spraying of chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, emmamectin benzoate 5 SG, spinosad45 SC, chorpyrifos 20 EC and cypermethrin25 EC at 15 days interval can be used as a new tool by farmers for effective management against L. orbonalis.
Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo, Adebola Busola Ojo, Charles Okolie
et al.
Neurodegenerative diseases, for example Alzheimer’s, are perceived as driven by hereditary, cellular, and multifaceted biochemical actions. Numerous plant products, for example flavonoids, are documented in studies for having the ability to pass the blood-brain barrier and moderate the development of such illnesses. Computer-aided drug design (CADD) has achieved importance in the drug discovery world; innovative developments in the aspects of structure identification and characterization, bio-computational science, and molecular biology have added to the preparation of new medications towards these ailments. In this study we evaluated nine flavonoid compounds identified from three medicinal plants, namely <i>T. diversifolia</i>, <i>B. sapida,</i> and <i>I. gabonensis</i> for their inhibitory role on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, using pharmacophore modeling, auto-QSAR prediction, and molecular studies, in comparison with standard drugs. The results indicated that the pharmacophore models produced from structures of AChE, BChE and MAO could identify the active compounds, with a recuperation rate of the actives found near 100% in the complete ranked decoy database. Moreso, the robustness of the virtual screening method was accessed by well-established methods including enrichment factor (EF), receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), Boltzmann-enhanced discrimination of receiver operating characteristic (BEDROC), and area under accumulation curve (AUAC). Most notably, the compounds’ pIC<sub>50</sub> values were predicted by a machine learning-based model generated by the AutoQSAR algorithm. The generated model was validated to affirm its predictive model. The best models achieved for AChE, BChE and MAO were models kpls_radial_17 (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.86 and Q<sup>2</sup> = 0.73), pls_38 (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.77 and Q<sup>2</sup> = 0.72), kpls_desc_44 (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.81 and Q<sup>2</sup> = 0.81) and these externally validated models were utilized to predict the bioactivities of the lead compounds. The binding affinity results of the ligands against the three selected targets revealed that luteolin displayed the highest affinity score of −9.60 kcal/mol, closely followed by apigenin and ellagic acid with docking scores of −9.60 and −9.53 kcal/mol, respectively. The least binding affinity was attained by gallic acid (−6.30 kcal/mol). The docking scores of our standards were −10.40 and −7.93 kcal/mol for donepezil and galanthamine, respectively. The toxicity prediction revealed that none of the flavonoids presented toxicity and they all had good absorption parameters for the analyzed targets. Hence, these compounds can be considered as likely leads for drug improvement against the same.
Background Lecanicillium lecanii is an entomopathogenic fungi, which was isolated from insects suffering from disease. Now, it is an effective bio-control resource that can control agricultural pests such as whitefly and aphids. There are many studies on the control of various agricultural pests by L. lecanii, but no report on its control of Bemisia tabaci biotype-Q exists. In this work, we studied the susceptibility of B. tabaci Q-biotype (from Ningxia, China) to L. lecanii JMC-01 in terms of nymph mortality and the changes in detoxifying protective enzymes activities. Methods B. tabaci nymphs were exposed to L. lecanii JMC-01 conidia by immersion with the host culture. Mortality was assessed daily for all nymph stages. The detoxifying and protective enzyme activity changes, weight changes, and fat, and water contents of the nymphs were determined spectrophotometrically. Results All instars of B. tabaci died after being infested with 1 × 108 conidia/mL. The 2nd-instar nymphs were the most susceptible, followed by the 3rd-instar nymphs. The corrected cumulative mortality of the 2nd- and 3rd-instar nymphs was 82.22% and 75.55%, respectively. The levels of detoxifying and protective enzymes initially increased and then decreased. The highest activities of carboxylesterase, acetylcholinesterase, peroxidase, and catalase occurred on the 3rd day, reaching 10.5, 0.32, 20, and 6.3 U/mg prot, respectively. These levels were 2.2-, 4.3-, 2.4-, and 1.4-fold the control levels, respectively. The highest activities of glutathione-S transferase and superoxide dismutase on the 2nd day were, respectively, 64 and 43.5 U/mg prot. These levels were, respectively, 2.7 and 1.1-fold that of the control level. The water and fat content in the infected B. tabaci nymphs decreased and differed significantly from the control levels. The weight increased continuously in the first 24 h, decreasing thereafter. At 72 h, the infestation level was about 0.78-fold that of the control level. Conclusions The studied L. lecanii JMC-01 strain is pathogenic to the B. tabaci Q-biotype. This strain interferes with the normal functioning of detoxifying and protective enzymes, and is also involved in the disruption of normal physiological metabolism in B. tabaci.
Abstract Squash (Cucurbita pepo L.), is one of the most important vegetable crops for human nutriment in Egypt and the world. One of the most serious diseases that infect squash and cause yield losses was powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera xanthisii. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Bacillus subtilis, Paenibacillus polymyxa (109 cell ml/1), Trichoderma harzianum, T. album, T. viride and T. hamatum (107 spore ml/l) for controlling disease under greenhouse conditions. Results indicated that all treatments significantly inhibited the conidial germination of P. xanthii than control in vitro and decreased the incidence and disease severity after spraying with the bio-agents on squash plants under greenhouse conditions. The fungicide, Topas-100 (10.0% penconazole “w/v” [(R,S-1-(2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-Q pentyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole]), followed by B. subtilis was highly significant for decreasing disease incidence (2.8 and 5.3%, respectively) and disease severity percentage (3.5 and 4.8%, respectively) than the control. The activities of biochemical changes, i.e., peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and total phenols, were significantly upregulated as results of most treatments. Also, bio-agent treatments caused significant increase in yield characteristics of squash plants such as fruit number/plant and fruit weight/plant than control. B. subtilis recorded the highest increase (110.9% and 98.7%) in fruit number and fruit weight/plant than control.
Cecil J. Weale, Glenda M. Davison, Gloudina M. Hon
et al.
Telomeres are DNA-tandem repeats situated at the ends of chromosomes and are responsible for genome stabilization. They are eroded by increased cell division, age and oxidative stress with shortened leucocyte telomeres (LTL) being associated with inflammatory disorders, including Type II diabetes. We assessed LTL in 205 participants across glucose tolerance groups at baseline and after three years in the mixed ancestry population of South Africa which have been shown to have high rates of obesity and T2DM. Baseline and follow-up data included glucose tolerance status, anthropometric measurements, lipids, insulin, γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), cotinine, and HbA1c. Telomere length was measured using the absolute telomere q-PCR method performed on a Bio-Rad MiniOpticon Detector. No significant difference was detected in LTL across glucose tolerance groups at both time points, including in subjects who showed a deterioration of their glucose tolerance status. There was, however, a significant negative correlation between LTL and age which was more pronounced in diabetes (<i>r</i> = −0.18, <i>p</i> = 0.04) and with GGT (<i>r</i> = −0.16, <i>p</i> = 0.027). This longitudinal study has demonstrated that LTL shortening is not evident within three years, nor is it associated with glycaemia. Further studies in a larger sample and over a longer time period is required to confirm these results.
Although many security systems with biometric information have appeared, they only have been used the static bio-information, e.g., a fingerprint, ris, and so on. However, because these values are permanent, the attackers can modify and abuse that. To overcome this problem, many researchers would like to use dynamic bio-information, e.g., electrocardiograms (ECG), in security systems. In this case, a sensor in the system must measure the dynamic bio-information instead. The difficulty is that usually, the measured data is different whenever it measures. Therefore if the data is applied to existing algorithms, the results will not be matched and the user will be rejected to pass. This is because an unstable base point, which are Q and S values in the ECG, is used to calculate. To solve this, it suggests an adjusted (Q<sub>i *</sub> S<sub>i</sub>) algorithm that defines a specific distance from the location of R-peak to obtain the Q<sub>i</sub> and S<sub>i</sub> values. The algorithm can use balanced input data to determine the features, thereby enabling a highly accurate dynamic biometric system.
Our understanding of hydrological and chemical processes at the
catchment scale is limited by our capacity to record the full breadth of the
information carried by river chemistry, both in terms of sampling frequency
and precision. Here, we present a proof-of-concept study of a <q>lab in the
field</q> called the <q>River Lab</q> (RL), based on the idea of permanently
installing a suite of laboratory instruments in the field next to a river.
Housed in a small shed, this set of instruments performs analyses at a
frequency of one every 40 min for major dissolved species (Na<sup>+</sup>,
K<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>)
through continuous sampling and filtration of the river water using
automated ion chromatographs. The RL was deployed in the Orgeval Critical
Zone Observatory, France for over a year of continuous analyses. Results
show that the RL is able to capture long-term fine chemical variations with
no drift and a precision significantly better than conventionally achieved
in the laboratory (up to ±0.5 % for all major species for over a
day and up to 1.7 % over 2 months). The RL is able to capture the
abrupt changes in dissolved species concentrations during a typical 6-day
rain event, as well as daily oscillations during a hydrological low-flow
period of summer drought. Using the measured signals as a benchmark, we
numerically assess the effects of a lower sampling frequency (typical of
conventional field sampling campaigns) and of a lower precision (typically
reached in the laboratory) on the hydrochemical signal. The high-resolution,
high-precision measurements made possible by the RL open new perspectives
for understanding critical zone hydro-bio-geochemical cycles. Finally, the
RL also offers a solution for management agencies to monitor water quality
in quasi-real time.
Some biological particles, such as Snomax, are very active ice nucleating
particles, inducing heterogeneous freezing in supercooled water at
temperatures above −15 and up to −2 °C. Despite
their exceptional freezing abilities, large uncertainties remain regarding
the atmospheric abundance of biological ice nucleating particles, and their
contribution to atmospheric ice nucleation. It has been suggested that small
biological ice nucleating macromolecules or fragments can be carried on the
surfaces of dust and other atmospheric particles. This could combine the
atmospheric abundance of dust particles with the ice nucleating strength of
biological material to create strongly enhanced and abundant ice nucleating
surfaces in the atmosphere, with significant implications for the budget and
distribution of atmospheric ice nucleating particles, and their consequent
effects on cloud microphysics and mixed-phase clouds.<br><br>
The new critical surface area <q><span style="text-decoration: overline;"><i>g</i></span></q> framework that was developed
by Beydoun et al. (2016) is extended to produce a heterogeneous ice
nucleation mixing model that can predict the freezing behavior of
multicomponent particle surfaces immersed in droplets. The model
successfully predicts the immersion freezing properties of droplets
containing Snomax bacterial particles across a mass concentration range of 7
orders of magnitude, by treating Snomax as comprised of two distinct
distributions of heterogeneous ice nucleating activity. Furthermore, the
model successfully predicts the immersion freezing behavior of a
low-concentration mixture of Snomax and illite mineral particles, a proxy for
the biological material–dust (bio-dust) mixtures observed in atmospheric
aerosols. It is shown that even at very low Snomax concentrations in the
mixture, droplet freezing at higher temperatures is still determined solely
by the second less active and more abundant distribution of heterogeneous ice
nucleating activity of Snomax, while freezing at lower temperatures is
determined solely by the heterogeneous ice nucleating activity of pure
illite. This demonstrates that in this proxy system, biological ice
nucleating particles do not compromise their ice nucleating activity upon
mixing with dust and no new range of intermediary freezing temperatures
associated with the mixture of ice nucleating particles of differing
activities is produced. The study is the first to directly examine the
freezing behavior of a mixture of Snomax and illite and presents the first
multicomponent ice nucleation model experimentally evaluated using a wide
range of ice nucleating particle concentration mixtures in droplets.
The field experiments were conducted at ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India during 2011–2012 to evaluate some bio-pesticides and newly introduced insecticides against shoot and fruit borer of brinjal. The experiments were laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The treatments viz., azadirachtin 1 EC (2 ml l-1), karanjin 2 EC (2 ml l-1), anonin 1 EC (2 ml l-1), Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt.) (2 g l-1), emamectin benzoate 5 SG (0.4 ml l-1), flubendiamide 480 SC (0.3 ml l-1), chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC (0.4 ml l-1), chlorpyriphos 20 EC (2 ml l-1) were applied thrice at fifteen days interval starting from initiation of shoot and fruit borer infestation. Results showed that chlorantraniliprole (2.46%) was the best treatment in reducing the shoot infestation (81.88% reduction) which was statistically at par with flubendiamide (3.08%) and emamectin benzoate (3.76%) with 77.37% and 71.95% reduction over untreated control, respectively. The overall mean fruit infestation were also minimum in chlorantraniliprole (5.76%) and flubendiamide (5.93%) treated plots with 79.45% and 78.84% reduction over untreated control plots (28.03%), respectively. Pooled data of two years experimental results indicated that highest marketable yield was recorded in chlorantraniliprole treated plots (155.01 q ha-1) followed by flubendiamide (149.50 q ha-1), emamectin benzoate (134.24 q ha-1) and chlorpyriphos (125.43 q ha-1). Among bio-pesticides, highest mean marketable yield was recorded in Bacillus thuringiensis treated plots (114.45 q ha-1) followed by azadirachtin (101.11 q ha-1).
Guidelines for Article Submission
SiELE journal accepts articles on research and development in the field of teaching and learning of English, linguistics, educational development, policy and cultural studies in education.
To be considered for publication, the article should be presented in the following system:
First page: include a title page with the full title of the paper (must not exceed 16 words), the author(s’) name(s), affiliation(s), phone number(s) and e-mail address of the corresponding author. A brief bio-data of the author(s) (maximum of 100 words) is provided in this page.
Second page and subsequent page: Submissions should be between 4000-6000 (including abstract, table(s), figure(s) and references) in A4 size paper with margins as the following: top 3 cm, bottom 3 cm, right 2.5 cm and left 4 cm. The font is Times New Roman, size 12 and single spaced. The article should generally consist of the following sections: introduction, review of literature, method, findings, discussion and conclusion.
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1.1 Subheading of the content
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The reference list should be arranged alphabetically following the guidelines of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed.). See the following examples:
Book:
Ellis, R. (2003). Task-based language learning and teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Internet source:
Andrewes, S. (2003). Group work v. whole-class activities. Retrieved October 1, 2012 from http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/think/articles/group-work-v-whole-class-activities
Journal:
Yusuf, Y. Q., Pillai, S., & Mohd. Ali, N.T.A. (2013). Speaking Acehnese in Malaysia. Language and Communication, 33(1): 50-60.
Chapter in an edited volume:
Lee, E. M., & Lim, L. (2000). Diphthongs in Singaporean English: Their realizations across different formality levels, and some attitudes of listeners towards them. In A. Brown, D. Deterding & E. L. Low (Eds). The English language in Singapore: Research on pronunciation (pp. 101-111). Singapore: Singapore Association for Applied Linguistics.
Conference proceedings publications:
Al-Tamimi, J., & Ferragne, E. (2005). Does vowel space size depend on language vowel inventories? Evidence from two Arabic dialects and French. Proceedings of Interspeech (pp. 2465-2468). Lisbon, Portugal.
Published dissertation:
Asyik. A. G. (1987). A contextual grammar of Acehnese sentences. (Doctoral dissertation). University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Retrieved February 4, 2014 from http://www.acehbooks.org/pdf/00402.pdf. (Order number: 8720237)
Unpublished thesis/dissertation:
Yasin, B. (2004). Sistem informasi manajemen pendidikan: Studi pengembangan model sistem informasi manajemen bidang adminsitrasi akademik dan kemahasiswaan pada FKIP Unsyiah. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Universitas Negeri Malang Malang.
Unpublished paper presented at a conference:
Yasin, B. (2007, December). Membangun masa depan pendidikan Aceh Barat: Strategi dan kebijakan. Paper presented at the Seminar Pembangunan Pendidikan Kabupaten Aceh Barat, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.
Mass media/newspaper:
Akmal, S. (2011, March 13). Nasib Bahsa Aceh di tengah euforia nasionalisme Keacehan. Serambi Indonesia, p. Opini column.
For in-text citations, use the name of the author(s) followed by the year of publication.
Submit the article to sielejournal@gmail.com, with the subject: SUBMISSION TO SiELE. For further information on the submission guideline, please visit our page at http://www.jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE.
Once your article is accepted, the publication fee is Rp. 250.000,-.
T.L. Da Silva, A.C. da Silva Junior, M. Ribani
et al.
Sericin is a globular water-soluble protein that constitutes 25 to 30 % of silk proteins weight in silkworm`s cocoons. This protein envelopes silk fibers gluing them and ensuring the cohesion of the cocoon. During raw silk production, sericin is separated from silk fibers and it is discarded in wastewater, leading to a high biological oxygen demand to be degraded. The sericin molecular weight ranges from 10 to 400 kDa and the structure and molecular weight depend on the method which is extracted and purified. Lower molecular weight sericin peptides are mainly used in cosmetic products, whereas higher molecular ones enable its use for many other applications, like, medical biomaterials, functional bio membranes, and others. This study evaluates the molecular weight distribution of sericin in solutions in which this protein was concentrated by precipitation by ethanol and precipitation by freezing/thawing. The solutions, which were subjected to precipitations, were filtered and the two solutions obtained (the concentrated one and the permeated one) had their molecular weight distribution analyzed. The sericin molecular weight distribution in the solutions was analyzed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). In this analysis, the mobile phase is ultra-pure water (Milli-Q) and a standard curve was made with pullulan polysaccharide standards. The results showed that the degumming process in autoclave (1 kgf/cm2 – 40 min) was able to extract high molecular weight sericin and both precipitation methods could concentrate sericin in solution with no significant change in the molecular weight distribution, which ranges from lower than 20 kDa and up to 400 kDa values.
Chemical engineering, Computer engineering. Computer hardware