Hasil untuk "Style. Composition. Rhetoric"

Nana Ariel

La tradition de longue date de l’enseignement des sophismes dans l’enseignement de l’argumentation a fait l’objet de critiques importantes pour être dépassée, trop simpliste, hors contexte et antagoniste. Les détracteurs affirment que les sophismes sont rarement rencontrés dans le discours réel, que les listes traditionnelles de sophismes sont incohérentes et que cette méthode favorise un état d’esprit négatif et conflictuel. Cet article examine ces critiques et présente un modèle pédagogique collaboratif qui réfute certains arguments et répond à d’autres. Cette approche alternative des sophismes est illustrée par un cours d’argumentation conçu à l’université de Tel Aviv, qui propose une approche dynamique et collaborative de l’enseignement des sophismes. Le cours comprend trois volets collaboratifs : une analyse de groupe à travers un raisonnement collaboratif, la création d’un guide des sophismes en ligne à partir d’exemples recherchés de manière indépendante et de commentaires entre pairs, et l’engagement communautaire, qui fait de ce cours un projet d’humanités publiques. Ces éléments répondent aux critiques en situant les sophismes dans des contextes réels, en favorisant le dialogue critique et en encourageant la participation du public. Ce modèle pédagogique applicable démontre que l’enseignement des sophismes peut être efficace pour renforcer la pensée critique et démocratique dans l’enseignement supérieur, en particulier dans le contexte actuel d’une vague mondiale de populisme. Il remet également en question l’idée avancée par les opposants selon laquelle le plaisir d’apprendre les sophismes est une distraction superficielle qui vous détourne d’un travail intellectuel rigoureux.

Marianne Doury, Pierre Pilon

This paper analyzes five argumentation visualization software tools (MindMup, Rationale, bCisive, OVA, and MindManager) through the theoretical lens of O'Keefe's triple distinction between argument₁ (propositional content), making-an-argument (speech act) and argument₂ (argumentative interaction). Using examples from the play “Twelve Angry Men,” the study examines how these tools handle different dimensions of argumentation. While most tools effectively represent argument₁ structures, they struggle to capture the complexities of speech acts and interactive dynamics. The analysis reveals that visualization tools face inherent limitations in representing crucial aspects such as power relations, narrative force, and emotional dimensions of argumentative exchanges. Rather than viewing these limitations as mere technical constraints, the paper suggests reconsidering visualization tools as heuristic instruments illuminating specific aspects of argumentation.

Xiaolei Wu, Zhihao Hu, Lu Sheng et al.

In this work, we propose a new feed-forward arbitrary style transfer method, referred to as StyleFormer, which can simultaneously fulfill fine-grained style diversity and semantic content coherency. Specifically, our transformer-inspired feature-level stylization method consists of three modules: (a) the style bank generation module for sparse but compact parametric style pattern extraction, (b) the transformer-driven style composition module for content-guided global style composition, and (c) the parametric content modulation module for flexible but faithful stylization. The output stylized images are impressively coherent with the content structure, sensitive to the detailed style variations, but still holistically adhere to the style distributions from the style images. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons as well as comprehensive user studies demonstrate that our StyleFormer outperforms the existing SOTA methods in generating visually plausible stylization results with real-time efficiency.

Bill Hart-Davidson

Aiko Harris

English as a Second Language (ESL) students’ silent expression in writing is often perceived as “indirect” or “inarticulate” in the views of Western rhetoric and academia. However, the meaning of silence and its rhetorical practice can differ from culture to culture, and this difference forms a cultural ethos that is unique and significant to the writer. In response to Anne Gere’s aesthetic, ethical, and political dimensions of silence, I explore cultural ethos as another dimension to recognize ESL students’ silent rhetoric and to expand the theoretical and pedagogical landscape of rhetoric and composition.

Carrie Leverenz

This article uses the results of a five-year study of job seekers to argue for improving job search preparation. Graduate students entering the job market want advice that is knowledgeable, realistic, and honest and that goes beyond emphasizing tenure-track research jobs to include a consideration of their needs and interests.

Daniel Nii Aboagye Aryeh

The book is a reference material dedicated to rhetorical style in the Greco-Roman sense and how Paul engaged it in his epistles. Although the monograph was not formatted into chapters as is the norm in many academic compositions, the arrangements and succession of the topics flow well to prove the argument of the author to posit for Paul’s style of writing from a rhetorical perspective. Brookins identifies incorrectness in the style of Pauline's writings through barbarism, solecism, and ornament. It is a deliberate deployment by Paul to persuade his implied readers.

Helen J. Burgess

Chen Chen, Zeju Li, C. Ouyang et al.

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved remarkable segmentation accuracy on benchmark datasets where training and test sets are from the same domain, yet their performance can degrade significantly on unseen domains, which hinders the deployment of CNNs in many clinical scenarios. Most existing works improve model out-of-domain (OOD) robustness by collecting multi-domain datasets for training, which is expensive and may not always be feasible due to privacy and logistical issues. In this work, we focus on improving model robustness using a single-domain dataset only. We propose a novel data augmentation framework called MaxStyle, which maximizes the effectiveness of style augmentation for model OOD performance. It attaches an auxiliary style-augmented image decoder to a segmentation network for robust feature learning and data augmentation. Importantly, MaxStyle augments data with improved image style diversity and hardness, by expanding the style space with noise and searching for the worst-case style composition of latent features via adversarial training. With extensive experiments on multiple public cardiac and prostate MR datasets, we demonstrate that MaxStyle leads to significantly improved out-of-distribution robustness against unseen corruptions as well as common distribution shifts across multiple, different, unseen sites and unknown image sequences under both low- and high-training data settings. The code can be found at https://github.com/cherise215/MaxStyle.

Roselyne Koren

Giovanna Cermelli

Il romanzo di Grass, pubblicato nel 1995, è stato fatto oggetto a suo tempo di una virulenta discussione soprattutto a causa delle prese di posizione dell’autore in merito alla questione dell’unificazione tedesca. Fra gli aspetti discussi emerge anche la scelta di un protagonista che si presenta come un alter-ego o un révenant di Theodor Fontane e si esprime citandone l’opera o – soprattutto - parodiandone lo stile (in particolare lo stile epistolare e, dei romanzi, il tono delle conversazioni). Questa scelta comporterebbe una banalizzazione, soprattutto a livello discorsivo, delle drammatiche vicende svoltesi nei primi anni dopo la caduta del muro. Si tratta invece di una deliberata attenuazione: nella scelta del personaggio e del suo idioletto Grass riprende una figura tipica della tradizione letteraria tedesca, il Sonderling, assegnando all’innocuo pedante della tradizione, una figura con tratti anche comici, una funzione sottilmente eversiva rispetto alla retorica dei discorsi sull’unificazione.

Piero Latino

L’hétérotopie est un concept forgé pour la première fois par Michel Foucault et représente une localisation physique de l’utopie, liée à deux autres concepts : l’hétérologie et l’hétérochronie. L’hétérologie, c’est un discours sur l’« autre », tandis que l’hétérochronie est une sorte d’utopie temporelle. La littérature offre des exemples innombrables d’hétérotopies qui donnent la possibilité de réfléchir sur l’idée d’« altérité ». Cet article montre que le concept foucauldien d’hétérotopie peut être appliqué à La Nausée de Sartre, et se concentre sur une hétérotopie particulière qui est présente dans l’œuvre de Sartre : le jardin public.

Alice Krieg-Planque

This work aims at identifying some forms of ethos presented as breaking with the past (“ethos of rupture”) in politics, and to show its paradoxes in the context of French political life. The selected case study is the figure of Philippe Poutou (Nouveau Parti Anticapitaliste), as it can be observed on the public scene, in particular through his book Un ouvrier, c'est là pour fermer sa gueule ! (A worker is there to shut his mouth!) published by Poutou in 2012. The analysis of this political book highlights the use of language reflexivity in the construction of a “self-image”, thus underlining the importance of a rhetorical use of metadiscourse. At another level, this analysis allows for identifying the forms and stakes of a self-image that breaks with the social norms of legitimate political speech, thus questioning the conditions of access of dominated groups to controlled arenas.

Silvia Vizzardelli

Pensiamo perlopiù l’atto libero, il gesto creativo, come qualcosa di endometabolico, di aderente a una disposizione profonda e introversa, come un’azione che risponde alla volontà dell’agente, sincera, fedele. Il fantasma ci obbliga a una virata, a un cambio di prospettiva. Esso si scrive laggiù, lontano dal nostro corpo, in uno spazio separato, grazie a una telegrafia. Se balza fuori da cripte segrete, queste ultime non sono luoghi intimi, assimilati, bensì spazi mondani che della cripta condividono la latenza, il carattere inconscio, non certo la prossimità al soggetto. I fantasmi arrivano da lontano e diamo loro forma non plasmando materiali tra le mani, ma attraverso una tattilità a distanza. A mani libere.

Andrea D'Urso

Cette contribution veut montrer comment les réflexions de Ferruccio Rossi-Landi (1921-1985), dont certaines inédites et présentées pour la première fois dans cette étude, enrichissent celles de Lucien Goldmann (1913-1970) sur les concepts d’idéologie, de réification et de vision du monde, permettant ainsi de comprendre l’usage possible de la sémiotique rossi-landienne à l’intérieur d’une sociologie matérialiste-dialectique de la littérature telle que Goldmann la concevait.

Carmen Sánchez-Mañas

This paper focuses on the rhetoric of kinship in the early biography of the founder of the Persian Empire included in Herodotus’ Histories, that is, within the Herodotean account of Cyrus II of Persia’s birth, childhood and accession to the throne. Its aim is to demonstrate the influence exerted by family ties among characters over the construction of Cyrus’ identity. To this end, the paper examines the speech acts through which characters articulate their family relationships, as well as the clarifications and interpretations made in this respect by the narrator. Results show that there is not a unique identity of Cyrus, but three of them (prince, slave and conqueror) that combine to create a prime example of a hero archetype applicable to men who are born to rule but face great difficulties caused by relatives or people around them.

Mariella Combi

Gli stili di scrittura dell’esperienza etnografica, il metodo antropologico classico della ricerca sul campo, sono cambiati nel corso del Novecento e hanno implicazioni importanti per la teoria e il metodo della disciplina. Il ruolo e l’importanza delle convenzioni e delle strategie narrative nella scrittura dell’esperienza sul campo sono diventati oggetto di analisi anche se erano già stati rilevati, tra gli altri, nelle prime monografie di Bronislaw Malinowski e dei suoi allievi. La scrittura etnografica pone domande sostanziali quali i rapporti tra esperienza biografica e realtà osservata; tra costruzione culturale dello sguardo antropologico e traduzione; tra romanzo etnografico e finzione; tra realtà e immaginari culturali; tra oralità e scrittura e altro ancora. Da qui l’interesse per trovare dei luoghi di incontro tra antropologia e letteratura alcuni dei quali sono brevemente presentati in questo scritto. The Twentieth Century has witnessed important changes in the field of anthropology with particular reference to its traditional field research and the ethnographic writing styles, with important implications as to the theory and method of this discipline. The role and relevance of narrative strategies and conventions in the writing of field experience are now under scrutiny even if they had been analyzed –among others – by Bronislaw Malinowski and his followers. Ethnographic writing poses substantial questions on fundamental aspects of the discipline, such as the relationship between biographic experience and observed reality, as well as that between the cultural construct of the anthropological perspective and translation; between reality and cultural imagination; between orality and literature, and more. There is thus a need to investigate areas of culture in which anthropology and literature meet and confront each other, areas that will be addressed in this contribution.

Ioan Milică

The spread of Christianity determined major cultural changes all over Europe as well as in the entire world. Without further dwelling on the relationships between the new religion and the classical culture, we will show that, in the art of eloquence, the perspective of the fathers of the Christian Church favoured, on the one hand, the survival of some of the Ancient rhetorical works and led to the introduction of a religious rhetoric that gradually departed from the influence of the old models, on the other. This paper aims at synthetically and systematically describing St. Augustine's view on the importance and functions of elocution, in order to reveal the innovations brought by this scholar to the classical rhetorical canon.

Paola Roccella

Recensiamo il volume «Il piccolo vascello solca i mari». Tommaso Landolfi e i suoi editori. Bibliografia degli scritti di e su Landolfi (1929-2006) a cura di Idolina Landolfi. Firenze: Cadmo, 2015.

Giuliano Cenati

I diari di guerra gaddiani sono un documento memorialistico notevole sotto vari profili: biografico, storico, antropologico e anche letterario. Partito per il fronte della Grande Guerra con la baldanza dell’interventista figlio di buona famiglia, il giovane autore vi registra il tracciato di una crisi esistenziale in cui si rispecchia la stessa crisi nazionale italiana, attraverso la disfatta di Caporetto e l’esperienza annichilente della cattività germanica. Referto analitico, meticoloso, ossessivo della propria vicenda psicologica e militare, l’annotazione frastagliata di Gadda ora si inarca verso la contemplazione tragica di alti ideali disattesi ora inclina alla contraffazione umoristica del vissuto. Il risentimento etico-civile e il grottesco pluristilistico del futuro narratore sono davvero enucleati lungo la scrittura del Giornale di guerra e di prigionia, che si viene configurando come inopinato laboratorio di composizione letteraria e in pari tempo lacerante regesto di aberrazioni sociopolitiche.