Hasil untuk "Socialism. Communism. Anarchism"

A. Przeworski

A. Yurchak

A. Dobson

Acknowledgements Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the Third Edition Introduction Part 1: Thinking About Ecologism: sustainable societies reasons to care for the environment crisis and its political-strategic consequences universality and social change lessons from nature left and right: communism and capitalism historical specificity conclusion Part 2: Philosophical Foundations: Ethics: a code of conduct Ethics: a state of being anthropocentrism Part 3: The Sustainable Society: limits to growth possible positions more problems with growth questioning consumption questioning consumption: need questioning consumption: population questioning consumption: technology energy trade and travel work bioregionalism agriculture diversity decentralization and its limits Part 4: Strategies for Green Change: democracy and authoritarianism action through and around the legislature lifestyle communities direct action class conclusion Part 5: Ecologism and Other Ideologies: liberalism conservatism socialism eco-feminism conclusion. Conclusion Bibliography Index

Huansheng Ning, Jianguo Ding

Human communication is undergoing a fundamental paradigm shift. Physical space, social relations, mental states, and digital information are converging into a unified cyber-physical-social-thinking (CPST) fusion space, rendering them no longer separable domains. However, all existing communication systems, including natural and programming languages, as well as interaction protocols, were designed for a world in which these four dimensions remained distinct. We introduce Cyberlanguage, a theoretically grounded communicative framework that is native to the CPST fusion space. Grounded in the philosophical orientation of cyberism and employing CPST theory as an analytical framework, Cyberlanguage possesses four core characteristics: native four-dimensional fusion, multi-agent universality, dynamic compilability, and contextual adaptability. We have constructed a semiotic model based on the Cybersign unit, a four-dimensional synchronous grammar, a five-layer architectural stack, and a context-driven pragmatic mechanism. We also present testable empirical predictions and a staged implementation roadmap. Cyberlanguage is not intended to replace natural or programming languages, but rather to serve as a meta-communication infrastructure capable of coordinating heterogeneous agents, humans, artificial intelligences, robots, and digital entities, within an increasingly fused cyber-physical-social-cognitive reality.

Maite Iglesias

Este trabajo revisa la división de la Federación Anarquista Uruguaya (FAU) de 1963-1964 a la luz de nuevos acervos documentales y realiza un primer esbozo de la historia de la Alianza Libertaria del Uruguay (ALU), organización que formaron algunas de las agrupaciones y personas de la FAU tras su escisión. La hipótesis es que la ALU pretendió preservar el tercerismo y el anticomunismo de izquierdas prósperos a fines de los años 50 en el movimiento anarquista uruguayo, en un contexto de realineamientos de las izquierdas ante la definición de la Revolución Cubana como marxista-leninista.  

AAVV

Número Completo

Ernesto Alejandro Najmias

Con una larga trayectoria en Argentina, las experiencias autogestivas enfrentaron durante la pandemia de COVID-19 (2020-2021) dificultades específicas, que pusieron en riesgo su continuidad. Este artículo indagará en la experiencia de la gráfica recuperada Madygraf (ex Donnelley), buscando recuperar las formas en que el nuevo contexto condicionó las estrategias desenvueltas por el colectivo obrero, que debió reconvertir su producción hacia la manufactura de sanitizante, establecer nuevas redes de solidaridad y encarar un proceso inédito de incorporación de maquinaria para la apertura de una nueva línea de producción ambientalmente sustentable. Se buscará reconstruir estas nuevas dinámicas de innovación social y adecuación socio-técnica, sus limitaciones, y las formas en que afectaron a la movilización y pliego de reclamos desplegados por los trabajadores.

Long Teng, Yanhao Wang, Zhe Lin et al.

Influential community search (ICS) finds a set of densely connected and high-impact vertices from a social network. Although great effort has been devoted to ICS problems, most existing methods do not consider how relevant the influential community found is to specific topics. A few attempts at topic-aware ICS problems cannot capture the stochastic nature of community formation and influence propagation in social networks. To address these issues, we introduce a novel problem of topic-aware most influential community search (TAMICS) to discover a set of vertices such that for a given topic vector q, they induce a $(k, l, η)$-core in an uncertain directed interaction graph and have the highest influence scores under the independent cascade (IC) model. We propose an online algorithm to provide an approximate result for any TAMICS query with bounded errors. Furthermore, we design two index structures and an index-based heuristic algorithm for efficient TAMICS query processing. Finally, we experimentally evaluate the efficacy and efficiency of our proposed approaches on various real-world datasets. The results show that (1) the communities of TAMICS have higher relevance and social influence w.r.t.~the query topics as well as structural cohesiveness than those of several state-of-the-art topic-aware and influential CS methods and (2) the index-based algorithm achieves speed-ups of up to three orders of magnitude over the online algorithm with an affordable overhead for index construction.

Sirry Chen, Shuo Feng, Songsong Liang et al.

Social media bot detection is increasingly crucial with the rise of social media platforms. Existing methods predominantly construct social networks as graph and utilize graph neural networks (GNNs) for bot detection. However, most of these methods focus on how to improve the performance of GNNs while neglecting the community structure within social networks. Moreover, GNNs based methods still face problems such as poor model generalization due to the relatively small scale of the dataset and over-smoothness caused by information propagation mechanism. To address these problems, we propose a Community-Aware Heterogeneous Graph Contrastive Learning framework (CACL), which constructs social network as heterogeneous graph with multiple node types and edge types, and then utilizes community-aware module to dynamically mine both hard positive samples and hard negative samples for supervised graph contrastive learning with adaptive graph enhancement algorithms. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our framework addresses the previously mentioned challenges and outperforms competitive baselines on three social media bot benchmarks.

Joaquín Alberto Aldao

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la dinámica identitaria de camioneros desde fines del siglo XX hasta la actualidad ampliando los factores explicativos del poder sindical del colectivo más allá del éxito en sus estrategias de adaptación organizativa, el aprovechamiento de las oportunidades políticas y su poder estructural en la economía. Para ello se hará foco en la expansión de la identidad político-sindical, la recurrente y sostenida estrategia de protagonismo en nuevos nucleamientos sindicales y multisectoriales, así como en las pretensiones de restablecer la influencia del sindicalismo en la política. La consideración cualitativa de fuentes secundarias, junto a entrevistas a exdelegados, militantes y dirigentes del gremio, dan sustento al presente artículo.

Suat Evren

We show that computing the optimal social surplus requires $Ω(mn)$ bits of communication between the website and the bidders in a sponsored search auction with $n$ slots on the website and with tick size of $2^{-m}$ in the discrete model, even when bidders are allowed to freely communicate with each other.

Franco Galante, Luca Vassio, Michele Garetto et al.

The increasing popularity of online social networks (OSNs) attracted growing interest in modeling social interactions. On online social platforms, a few individuals, commonly referred to as influencers, produce the majority of content consumed by users and hegemonize the landscape of the social debate. However, classical opinion models do not capture this communication asymmetry. We develop an opinion model inspired by observations on social media platforms {with two main objectives: first, to describe this inherent communication asymmetry in OSNs, and second, to model the effects of content personalization. We derive a Fokker-Planck equation for the temporal evolution of users' opinion distribution and analytically characterize the stationary system behavior. Analytical results, confirmed by Monte-Carlo simulations, show how strict forms of content personalization tend to radicalize user opinion, leading to the emergence of echo chambers, and favor structurally advantaged influencers. As an example application, we apply our model to Facebook data during the Italian government crisis in the summer of 2019. Our work provides a flexible framework to evaluate the impact of content personalization on the opinion formation process, focusing on the interaction between influential individuals and regular users. This framework is interesting in the context of marketing and advertising, misinformation spreading, politics and activism.

Paddy Gordon

Left accelerationism and the transhuman subject who embodies this movement’s political potential have multivalent relations to Marxism. Whilst recent interventions such as Srnicek and Williams’ #Accelerate: Manifesto for an Accelerationist Politics and Bastani’s Fully Automated Luxury Communism (FALC) situate themselves within the Marxist tradition (typically relying heavily on the “fragment on machines” section of the Grundrisse), immediately apparent is a problem of both politics and epistemology. In positing a transhuman subject that resolves ontologically the antagonism between labour and capital, left accelerationism flattens and dehistoricizes the specific and contingent historical and material conditions that make possible the thinking of this subject at all, and lapses from a properly dialectical mode of thought in its breathless rush to adumbrate the “inevitable” conditions for this subject’s emergence. Here, we are close to Althusser’s notion of history as a “process without a subject” (Althusser 1969), and a similar lack of dialectical rigour can be discerned. E.P Thompson’s polemic against Althusser reminds us of what is at stake in a Marxism that is fundamentally antagonistic to a thorough engagement with – and immersion in – history, specifically history as lived and made by real human subjects, and we can likewise trace in left accelerationism’s idealised transhuman a subject for whom history offers no socially embedded place, only an abstract theoretical subject-position. In short, despite the inventiveness and optimistic constructivism evident in Bastani and Srnicek and Williams’ manifestos, these very qualities speak to the lack of a properly and consistently dialectical epistemic framework: they thus implicitly reject what Jameson describes as “the austere dialectical imperative” necessary to think capitalism as “progress and catastrophe all together” (Jameson 2000, 226). Drawing on Noys, Brassier, Wood, Thompson and Jameson, this paper will critique left accelerationism’s consistent divergence from a materialist dialectic, and show how these lapses elide the contingent and always in-process nature of the political struggles that determine who the subject/s of any future historical period will be or can be. Left accelerationism contains seeds of radical political potential, however the lapses into idealism and techno-utopianism to which it is so prone result precisely from an abandonment of dialectical materialism in the very instances where a generic transhuman subject is articulated: in conceiving class relations thus, an inattention to “the hard lesson of some more genuinely dialectical way to think historical development and change” (Jameson 2000, 225) is revealed. The paper will contrast Srnicek and Williams and Bastani’s manifestos with the Xenofeminist Manifesto, arguing that this latter offers a more promising basis for an emancipatory class politics precisely because it demands serious and sustained engagement with the forces and relations of production at the level of their bounded and contingent historical specificity. It is only by resisting the abandonment of the dialectic in order to imagine the future that we might seriously arrive at a useful picture of our destination.

Simone Casale-Brunet, Mirko Zichichi, Lee Hutchinson et al.

This paper presents an analysis of the role of social media, specifically Twitter, in the context of non-fungible tokens, better known as NFTs. Such emerging technology framing the creation and exchange of digital object, started years ago with early projects such as "CryptoPunks" and since early 2021, has received an increasing interest by a community of people creating, buying, selling NFT's and by the media reporting to the general public. In this work it is shown how the landscape of one class of projects, specifically those used as social media profile pictures, has become mainstream with leading projects such as "Bored Ape Yacht Club", "Cool Cats" and "Doodles". This work illustrates how heterogeneous data was collected from the Ethereum blockchain and Twitter and then analysed using algorithms and state-of-art metrics related to graphs. The initial results show that from a social network perspective, the collections of most popular NFTs can be considered as a single community around NFTs. Thus, while each project has its own value and volume of exchange, on a social level all of them are primarily influenced by the evolution of values and trades of "Bored Ape Yacht Club" collection.

Santiago Regolo

Reseña de Carlos Miguel Herrera, En vísperas del diluvio: el gremialismo socialista ante la irrupción del peronismo, Buenos Aires, Grupo Editor Universitario-EUDEM, 2019, 146 pp.

Jon Emil Halvorsen

Streiken mot trelastkartellet Christiania Tømmerdirection i 1795 var en av Norges aller første organiserte streiker med moderne trekk, mer enn et halvt århundre før en organisert arbeiderbevegelse oppsto. Aksjonen blant plankekjørerne på Skedsmo viste en gryende følelse av fellesskap og solidaritet i krav om bedre lønn, og var kanskje også spiren til det som skulle utvikle seg til en egen klassebevissthet blant arbeidere i Norge. Denne artikkelen undersøker bakgrunnen for streiken og følger utviklingen av den ved hjelp av originalt kildemateriell slik som tidsskrifter og journaler, samt nyere litteratur. I tillegg drøfter artikkelen streiken blant plankekjørerne i lys av politisk kultur og folkelig motstandskultur i Norge på 1700-tallet, hvordan aksjoner som denne ble legitimert, og hva som er brudd og kontinuitet i forhold til tidligere sammenlignbare aksjoner i det tidlig moderne og førindustrielle Norge.

Andrew Specian, Ross Mead, Simon Kim et al.

Hardware platforms for socially interactive robotics can be limited by cost or lack of functionality. This paper presents the overall system -- design, hardware, and software -- for Quori, a novel, affordable, socially interactive humanoid robot platform for facilitating non-contact human-robot interaction (HRI) research. The design of the system is motivated by feedback sampled from the HRI research community. The overall design maintains a balance of affordability and functionality. Initial Quori testing and a six-month deployment are presented. Ten Quori platforms have been awarded to a diverse group of researchers from across the United States to facilitate HRI research to build a community database from a common platform.

David Ifeoluwa Adelani, Ryota Kobayashi, Ingmar Weber et al.

Social media users post content on various topics. A defining feature of social media is that other users can provide feedback -- called community feedback -- to their content in the form of comments, replies, and retweets. We hypothesize that the amount of received feedback influences the choice of topics on which a social media user posts. However, it is challenging to test this hypothesis as user heterogeneity and external confounders complicate measuring the feedback effect. Here, we investigate this hypothesis with a predictive approach based on an interpretable model of an author's decision to continue the topic of their previous post. We explore the confounding factors, including author's topic preferences and unobserved external factors such as news and social events, by optimizing the predictive accuracy. This approach enables us to identify which users are susceptible to community feedback. Overall, we find that 33\% and 14\% of active users in Reddit and Twitter, respectively, are influenced by community feedback. The model suggests that this feedback alters the probability of topic continuation up to 14\%, depending on the user and the amount of feedback.

Merete Camilla Ødegaard

Skiferdriften i Alta har historie tilbake til 1850-tallet, de første hundre årene i hovedsak som en sidenæring til jordbruk. Utover 1900-tallet ble markedet for produkter av altaskifer stadig større, og skiferdriften vokste til å bli en viktig næring. Andelslaget Alta Skiferbrudd ble stiftet i 1933. Alle skiferdrivere var og er selvstendig næringsdrivende, men medlemskap i andelslaget har alltid vært en forutsetning for å delta i skiferdriften. Skiferforekomstene i Alta ligger på statlig grunn, og Alta Skiferbrudd forpakter rettighetene til å drive steinbrudd på vegne av medlemmene. Skiferdrift er et håndverk som krever mye kunnskap og erfaring, men lite investeringer for å gi et godt økonomisk utbytte. Etterkrigstidens industri- og distriktspolitikk nådde også skifernæringen i Alta, og i perioden fra 1950 til 1980 ble det startet flere bedrifter som hadde som formål å modernisere og effektivisere skiferdriften. Dette skjedde med liten forankring i skiferdrivernes organisasjon, og uten å ta hensyn til drivernes opparbeidede kunnskap om skifer og skiferarbeid. Det var Utbyggingsfondet for Nord-Norge, Distriktenes utbyggingsfond og Industridepartementet som i stor grad styrte planlegging og gjennomføring og som støttet prosjektene økonomisk. Det var store forventninger til resultatene, men de uteble. Artikkelen diskuterer noen forklaringer til hvorfor de store statlige prosjektene slo feil gang på gang, og årsakene til at den «tradisjonelle skiferdriften» – som den ble kalt i de statlige utredningene, fremdeles er en av Altas viktigste næringer.