Hasil untuk "Science (General)"

Christer Carlsson

As the contributions to this section of HSM are not very numerous I have found it necessary to generate some news of my own. Besides informing you about coming events, I will also put forward some concerns regarding present attitudes towards the theory of fuzzy sets and its applicability III management-oriented fields of research. Let us take as 'management-oriented fields of research' those labeled as behavioral science, cybernetics, decision theory, human systems management, management science, MCDM, operational research, probability theory, general systems research, utility theory what a variety of scientific endeavours aimed at functions any normally gifted and/or successful manager describes as mostly based on intuition, personality, experience and common sense. Into this jungle entered the theory of fuzzy sets in the early 70s with the fairly modest claim to be a way for handling imprecision, because it also claimed probability theory is no good for that purpose (see Bellman-Zadeh [3, B-141]):

P. Bourdieu, Richard Nice

Outline of a Theory of Practice is recognized as a major theoretical text on the foundations of anthropology and sociology. Pierre Bourdieu, a distinguished French anthropologist, develops a theory of practice which is simultaneously a critique of the methods and postures of social science and a general account of how human action should be understood. With his central concept of the habitus, the principle which negotiates between objective structures and practices, Bourdieu is able to transcend the dichotomies which have shaped theoretical thinking about the social world. The author draws on his fieldwork in Kabylia (Algeria) to illustrate his theoretical propositions. With detailed study of matrimonial strategies and the role of rite and myth, he analyses the dialectical process of the 'incorporation of structures' and the objectification of habitus, whereby social formations tend to reproduce themselves. A rigorous consistent materialist approach lays the foundations for a theory of symbolic capital and, through analysis of the different modes of domination, a theory of symbolic power.

M. Deza, E. Deza

J. Gold, M. Shadlen

J. Driscoll, Aart C. Kraay

Ronald Fagin

H. Bruch

J. Habermas, J. Shapiro

Melanie Mitchell

D. Rumelhart, James L. McClelland

Avrim Blum, P. Langley

B. McGill, B. Enquist, E. Weiher et al.

J. Gerring

J. Austin

S. Qin, T. A. Badgwell

W. Kast

R. H. Myers

D. Marr

Yunhuan Li, Xiaolin Hu

Background: Chinese lung cancer patients experience various cancer-related symptoms during the course of disease, which usually occur as symptom clusters, leading to heavy symptom burden and low quality of life. Identifying symptom cluster and core symptom is conducive to developing symptom management interventions so as to improve health-related outcomes of patients with lung cancer. To investigate the symptom clusters and core symptom of Chinese patients with lung cancer. Methods: Approved by the ethics committee, a cross-sectional study was conducted at one of the most influential general hospitals in Southwest China. The MD Anderson Symptom Inventory and the revised lung cancer-specific module were utilized to collect symptom experience of patients with lung cancer. R within the RStudio platform was used to conduct descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis and network analysis. Findings: A total of 219 lung cancer patients were recruited. Four symptom clusters were identified as psychoneurological, respiratory, gastrointestinal and fatigue-related symptom clusters, which could explain 59% of the total variance. The results of the symptom severity network analysis revealed that short of breath (rc= 1.35) was the symptom with the highest closeness score among all symptoms. In the symptom clusters network, short of breath (rc= 1.35), lack of appetite (rc= 1.27), fatigue (rc= 1.04) and feeling drowsy (rc= 0.82) were the symptoms with the closeness score in the four symptom clusters, respectively. Interpretation: Chinese lung cancer patients experienced four symptom clusters among lung cancer patients, which highlighted the significance of addressing general symptoms and cancer-specific symptoms in cancer symptom cluster management. The identification of core symptoms offered health care professionals potential interventional targets in future clinical practice in symptom management among patients with lung cancer. Tailored interventions based on symptom clusters are needed to synergistically reduce the symptom burden, thereby improving patients’ outcomes.

Martin Åhlén, Suzanna Törnroth, Åsa Wikberg-Nilsson

This article introduces the Design Sensibility Approach—a sensorial and embodied process for making sense of possible futures. The approach is applied through a case study on speculative energy design in the home, conducted and adapted within a participatory workshop held at a regional art hall in Northern Sweden. It unfolds in four phases—Imagine, Make, Explore, and Reflect—across a broader timeline comprising pre-workshop, active workshop, and post-workshop stages. During the workshop, participants were invited to engage with their senses through a series of activities designed to prompt reflection on their own future energy imaginaries, which they materialized using a MakeTools kit. The results reveal three themes: emotional responses elicited from embodied experiences with energy; energy as a lifestyle; and critique of the political landscape surrounding resource extractivism in Northern Sweden. These findings inform the research question: How might the human senses be leveraged to create stronger emotional connections with future domestic energy products and systems? The article concludes by proposing concrete applications of the Design Sensibility Approach at individual, community, and governance levels, highlighting its ethical and inclusive dimensions as areas for future development.