Hasil untuk "River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General)"

Maryam Mirhashemi, Ali Shahnazari, Alireza Zarei Ghorkhodi

Extended Abstract Background: A broad understanding of the dimensions and elements of integrated management is necessary to achieve the effective management of water resources. According to the report of the Technical Committee of the Global Water Partnership, integrated management of water resources is a process that contributes to the protection, development, and coordinated exploitation of land water resources and other related resources to maximize economic and social well-being in an equitable manner without jeopardizing the stability of vital ecosystems. Achieving this goal requires providing the necessary tools to create the necessary infrastructure for the correct implementation of integrated management of water resources and achieving sustainable development goals. In this regard, the current research was conducted to identify the tools required for the integrated management of water resources to influence sustainable development. Methods: In the current descriptive-analytical research, information was collected through library studies and distribution of questionnaires. At first, the comprehensive concept of integrated management of water resources was chosen by reviewing different and varied international views and the results of world water meetings and conferences. Then, the principles, structure, challenges, and goals of integrated water resources management and the relationship with sustainable development were also examined by referring to international sources, such as World Bank reports, FAO documents and meetings, United Nations Development Program, documents related to the perspectives of the Technical Committee of the Global Water Partnership Program, documents of the United Nations Global Water Assessment Program, the United Nations 2030 document and also approved upstream documents, the water management of the country (including the macro water policies, the eighteen water policies of the country, the twenty-year vision document in the water sector, and the fourth development plan, documents and reports related to national and international conferences focusing on the integrated management of water resources and sustainable development, as well as the studies of researchers. To identify the tools needed for the integrated resource management approach to facilitate the sustainable development process, the effectiveness of four criteria, including 1) water resource protection and exploitation criteria, 2) policy making, 3) social, and 4) economic, on the implementation of the integrated water resources management approach in the Tajen catchment basin was evaluated by distributing 40 questionnaires among professors and students of the water engineering department at Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. The questionnaire of the water engineering department of Sari University of Agricultural Sciences was validated after making corrections, and the final version was completed for distribution. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The questionnaire was compiled in such a way that there were 13 items and 5 subcategories for each component based on the Likert scale with numerical scores including very low (1), low (2), medium (3), high (4), and very high (5). The Cronbach's alpha obtained for the prepared questionnaires was equal to 0.891, which indicates the very good reliability of the prepared questionnaires. Finally, the effectiveness of each of these components in the implementation of the integrated water resources management approach was determined based on percentage by using the ratio of the total scores of each component to the number of distributed questionnaires. Results: Based on the evaluations, the component of protection and exploitation of water resources had the most effectiveness (60.64%) on the implementation of integrated management of water resources in the Tajen catchment basin. On the other hand, policy levers had the second priority (40.52%) of effectiveness, and socioeconomic sectors had the third (52.40%) and fourth (43.30%) priorities, respectively. According to the above-mentioned results, it can be realized that in the current situation and the water crisis, the protection and exploitation of water resources is one of the basic pillars of achieving integrated management of water resources and ease in achieving sustainable development in the region. On the other hand, the impact of other components cannot be ignored because the successful implementation of an integrated approach to water resources and achieving sustainable development depends on comprehensive attention to all managerial, economic, social, and environmental sectors. This is because these tools are complementary to each other and the disruption in the availability of each of them leads to limitations in achieving the goals and perspectives of sustainable development in a region. This also requires the creation of necessary infrastructure in different sectors. Conclusion: Factors such as population growth, economic development, and climate change have adversely affected the water resources of the Tajen catchment basin. Since goals such as sustainable water supply, ensuring public health, wastewater treatment, irrigation and drainage plans, and watershed protection cannot be properly implemented by taking temporary measures, the integrated management of water resources will ensure the continuous implementation of these goals. In general and according to the studies conducted in the current research, integrated management of water resources and sustainable development in the Tajen watershed and other areas are two inseparable components for the continued survival of a region. Therefore, providing the necessary infrastructure for this matter should be considered the main pillar of watershed management planning. This will not be possible except with the participation and coordination of all bodies, organizations, stakeholders, and users of water resources. The lack of a cooperative perspective is one of the biggest challenges in managing water resources and, consequently, achieving sustainable development. Therefore, the expansion of the participatory management approach in all dimensions related to water resources and achieving the goals of sustainable development can improve the current conditions and guarantee favorable future conditions to some extent.

Liu Kejing, Liu Dawei

In the northern hemisphere, river subjects the right bank to the pressure generated by the Coriolis force, which will increase the erosion of the river on the right bank. On the other hand, the Coriolis force also causes the sediments in the water to move to the right bank, which will increase the sediment deposition on the right bank of the river. Therefore, for rivers with low sediment content, Coriolis force will increase the erosion of river water on the right bank; for rivers with high sediment content, Coriolis force will increase the sedimentation of sediment on the right bank. It is noted that the Lanzhou section of the Yellow River has siltation of sands and pebbles to the right (south) bank. It is believed that this is caused by the Coriolis force moving the sands and pebbles to the right bank.

Yuelin Han, Pengfei Li, Adam Wierman et al.

Water is a critical resource for data centers and an efficient means of cooling. However, meeting the growing water demand of data centers requires substantial peak water withdrawals, which many communities in the United States cannot supply, especially during the hottest days of the year. This largely overlooked water capacity constraint is emerging as a bottleneck for data centers and can force operators to rely on less efficient dry cooling, further stressing the power grid during summer peaks. In this paper, we focus on the direct water withdrawal of U.S. data centers for cooling and examine their impacts on public water systems. Our analysis indicates that, if the 2024 water use intensity persists, U.S. data centers could collectively require 697-1,451 million gallons per day (MGD) of new water capacity through 2030, comparable to New York City's average daily supply of roughly 1,000 MGD. Under an optimistic scenario with a compound annual water use intensity reduction by 10%, the water capacity demand decreases to 227-604 MGD, although high-growth IT loads could still require enough capacity to hypothetically supply about half of New York City for most of the year. The total valuation of the new water capacity is on the order of \$10 billion, reaching up to \$58 billion in the high-growth case. These impacts are highly concentrated on communities hosting data centers. Finally, we provide recommendations to address the growing water capacity demand of U.S. data centers, including reporting peak water use, developing corporate-community partnerships, adopting a Water Capacity Neutral approach (colloquially "Pipe Neutral") to allow host communities to retain limited water capacity resources, and implementing coordinated water-power planning to responsibly leverage water for peak power reduction and opportunistically utilize surplus power to mitigate impacts on public water systems.

Sonja M. Hyrynsalmi, Grischa Liebel, Ronnie de Souza Santos et al.

The discipline of software engineering (SE) combines social and technological dimensions. It is an interdisciplinary research field. However, interdisciplinary research submitted to software engineering venues may not receive the same level of recognition as more traditional or technical topics such as software testing. For this paper, we conducted an online survey of 73 SE researchers and used a mixed-method data analysis approach to investigate their challenges and recommendations when publishing interdisciplinary research in SE. We found that the challenges of publishing interdisciplinary research in SE can be divided into topic-related and reviewing-related challenges. Furthermore, while our initial focus was on publishing interdisciplinary research, the impact of current reviewing practices on marginalized groups emerged from our data, as we found that marginalized groups are more likely to receive negative feedback. In addition, we found that experienced researchers are less likely to change their research direction due to feedback they receive. To address the identified challenges, our participants emphasize the importance of highlighting the impact and value of interdisciplinary work for SE, collaborating with experienced researchers, and establishing clearer submission guidelines and new interdisciplinary SE publication venues. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the current state of the SE research community and how we could better support interdisciplinary research in our field.

Yan-wei Fan, Chong Ren, Zhi-wei Yang et al.

Moistube irrigation is a new micro-irrigation technology. Accurately estimating its wetting pattern dimensions presents a challenge. Therefore, it is necessary to develop models for efficient assessment of the wetting transport pattern in order to design a cost-effective moistube irrigation system. To achieve this goal, this study developed a multivariate nonlinear regression model and compared it with a dimensional model. HYDRUS-2D was used to perform numerical simulations of 56 irrigation scenarios with different factors. The experiments showed that the shape of the wetting soil body approximated a cylinder and was mainly affected by soil texture, pressure head, and matric potential. A multivariate nonlinear model using a power function relationship between wetting size and irrigation time was developed, with a determination coefficient greater than 0.99. The model was validated for cases with six soil texture types, with mean average absolute errors of 0.43–0.90 cm, root mean square errors of 0.51–0.95 cm, and mean deviation percentage values of 3.23%–6.27%. The multivariate nonlinear regression model outperformed the dimensional model. It can therefore provide a scientific foundation for the development of moistube irrigation systems.

Pengquan Wang, Runjie Li, Shengkui Cao

To achieve sustainable development goals in Huangshui River Basin (HRB), strengthening adaptive water resources management under the dual impact of climate change (CC) and human interventions (HI) is of great significance. Multiple mathematical and statistical methods were employed to determine the runoff trend and breakpoint in HRB. The elasticity of CC and HI on the runoff decline and their contributions were quantitatively discerned based on the Budyko hypothesis, complementary method, and SWAT hydrological model. The results show that (1) the runoff showed a decreasing trend, with a runoff breakpoint in 1990; (2) the elasticity coefficients indicated a 1% increase in P, ET0, and n, leading to a 2.19% increase, a 1.19% decrease, and a 1.52% decrease in the runoff, respectively; (3) the Budyko framework determined the contribution of CC and HI to runoff decline in HRB to be 37.98–41.86% and 58.14–62.02%, respectively, and that estimated by SWAT hydrological model to be 38.72 and 61.28%, respectively; (4) HI were the primary factor for runoff decline in HRB, where direct anthropogenic disturbances such as water withdrawals and water conservancy project construction were the main drivers. The findings have important scientific significance for water resources planning and management in HRB. HIGHLIGHTS We determined the change trend and breakpoint of annual runoff from 1959 to 2014.; The runoff elasticity was estimated theoretically based on the Budyko hypothesis for 20 mountainous catchments and 5 hydrographic cross-sections in HRB.; The complementary method calculated the contribution threshold of climate change and human interventions to runoff changes.; SWAT models were used to discern runoff change attributions.;

James S. Wheaton, Daniel R. Herber

Traditional requirements engineering tools do not readily access the SysML-defined system architecture model, often resulting in ad-hoc duplication of model elements that lacks the connectivity and expressive detail possible in a SysML-defined model. Without that model connectivity, requirement quality can suffer due to imprecision and inconsistent terminology, frustrating communication during system development. Further integration of requirements engineering activities with MBSE contributes to the Authoritative Source of Truth while facilitating deep access to system architecture model elements for V&V activities. The Model-Based Structured Requirement SysML Profile was extended to comply with the INCOSE Guide to Writing Requirements updated in 2023 while conforming to the ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148 standard requirement statement templates. Rules, Characteristics, and Attributes were defined in SysML according to the Guide to facilitate requirements definition and requirements V&V. The resulting SysML Profile was applied in two system architecture models at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, allowing us to explore its applicability and value in real-world project environments. Initial results indicate that INCOSE-derived Model-Based Structured Requirements may rapidly improve requirement expression quality while complementing the NASA Systems Engineering Handbook checklist and guidance, but typical requirement management activities still have challenges related to automation and support with the system architecture modeling software.

Sayan Chatterjee, Ching Louis Liu, Gareth Rowland et al.

The increasing popularity of AI, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), has significantly impacted various domains, including Software Engineering. This study explores the integration of AI tools in software engineering practices within a large organization. We focus on ANZ Bank, which employs over 5000 engineers covering all aspects of the software development life cycle. This paper details an experiment conducted using GitHub Copilot, a notable AI tool, within a controlled environment to evaluate its effectiveness in real-world engineering tasks. Additionally, this paper shares initial findings on the productivity improvements observed after GitHub Copilot was adopted on a large scale, with about 1000 engineers using it. ANZ Bank's six-week experiment with GitHub Copilot included two weeks of preparation and four weeks of active testing. The study evaluated participant sentiment and the tool's impact on productivity, code quality, and security. Initially, participants used GitHub Copilot for proposed use-cases, with their feedback gathered through regular surveys. In the second phase, they were divided into Control and Copilot groups, each tackling the same Python challenges, and their experiences were again surveyed. Results showed a notable boost in productivity and code quality with GitHub Copilot, though its impact on code security remained inconclusive. Participant responses were overall positive, confirming GitHub Copilot's effectiveness in large-scale software engineering environments. Early data from 1000 engineers also indicated a significant increase in productivity and job satisfaction.

Sergio Rico

Case studies are a popular and noteworthy type of research study in software engineering, offering significant potential to impact industry practices by investigating phenomena in their natural contexts. This potential to reach a broad audience beyond the academic community is often undermined by deficiencies in reporting, particularly in the context description, study classification, generalizability, and the handling of validity threats. This paper presents a reflective analysis aiming to share insights that can enhance the quality and impact of case study reporting. We emphasize the need to follow established guidelines, accurate classification, and detailed context descriptions in case studies. Additionally, particular focus is placed on articulating generalizable findings and thoroughly discussing generalizability threats. We aim to encourage researchers to adopt more rigorous and communicative strategies, ensuring that case studies are methodologically sound, resonate with, and apply to software engineering practitioners and the broader academic community. The reflections and recommendations offered in this paper aim to ensure that insights from case studies are transparent, understandable, and tailored to meet the needs of both academic researchers and industry practitioners. In doing so, we seek to enhance the real-world applicability of academic research, bridging the gap between theoretical research and practical implementation in industry.

Yutian Han, Baoxiang Huang, He Gao

Lakes provide a wide range of valuable ecosystem services, such as water supply, biodiversity habitats, and carbon sequestration. However, lakes are increasingly threatened by climate change and human activities. Therefore, continuous global monitoring of lake dynamics is crucial, but remains challenging on a large scale. The recently developed Global Lakes Area Database (GLAKES) has mapped over 3.4 million lakes worldwide, but it only provides data at decadal intervals, which may be insufficient to capture rapid or short-term changes.This paper introduces an expanded lake database, GLAKES-Additional, which offers biennial delineations and area measurements for 152,567 lakes globally from 1990 to 2021. We employed the Swin-Unet model, replacing traditional convolution operations, to effectively address the challenges posed by the receptive field requirements of high spatial resolution satellite imagery. The increased biennial time resolution helps to quantitatively attribute lake area changes to climatic and hydrological drivers, such as precipitation and temperature changes.For predicting lake area changes, we used a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network and an extended time series dataset for preliminary modeling. Under climate and land use scenarios, our model achieved an RMSE of 0.317 km^2 in predicting future lake area changes.

Ha Thi Viet Tran, Viet Nguyen Minh, Huong Thi Lan Nguyen

The TiO2/Bi2WO6 composite was successfully synthesized by a simple one-step synthesis. Various analytical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis) were used to determine the characteristics of the synthesized composites. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized composite was evaluated in the degradation of the Norfloxacin (NOR) antibiotic. Under the optimal conditions, the removal rate of NOR antibiotic with the TiO2/Bi2WO6 composite was more significant than that obtained with single materials. The outstanding photocatalytic activity was ascribed to the synergistic effect between TiO2 and Bi2WO6, which decreased the recombination of e∁Eh+ pairs and enhanced the visible light absorption capacity. The investigations on radical scavengers revealed that •O2∁Eand •OH species were primarily responsible for removing the NOR antibiotic. The potential photocatalytic mechanism was also proposed.

Mingxue Meng, Xiao Pu, Siqi Li et al.

Development of rainfed maize (Zea mays L.) is sensitive to fluctuations of environmental conditions, while whether the sensitivity varies across the growth stages is still unclear. Based on a 5-year dataset collected from consecutive observations, this study examined the sensitivities of biomass and yield production of rainfed maize to root zone soil water, air temperature and shortwave radiation at four growth stages in the Sanjiang Plain of Northeastern China under sub-humid cool-temperate climates. The multiple linear regression model was employed to establish functional relations between biomass and yield production and significant explanatory variables. A Monte-Carlo simulation was used to test sensitivities of biomass and yield production to perturbation of a single significant explanatory variable or co-perturbation of multiple significant explanatory variables. Results showed that root zone soil water prevailed over air temperature and shortwave radiation in affecting rainfed maize development for the most time of the growing period. Biomass production was most sensitive to root zone soil water which had positive variance contributions of 70 – 100% at the early and late vegetative stages and a negative variance contribution of −99.4% at the early reproductive stage. Yield production was also sensitive to root zone soil water at the early reproductive stage with a 100% positive variance contribution. Biomass and yield production were most sensitive to air temperature at the late reproductive stage and the positive variance contributions of air temperature were 97.7 – 100%. Shortwave radiation negatively contributed to biomass production by −28.6% at the late vegetative stage. The findings of this study suggest that more attention could be paid to the most sensitive factor at different growth stages of rainfed maize for great biomass accumulation and high grain yield.

Sehrish Malik, Moeen Ali Naqvi, Leon Moonen

There is an increasing need to assess the correct behavior of self-adaptive and self-healing systems due to their adoption in critical and highly dynamic environments. However, there is a lack of systematic evaluation methods for self-adaptive and self-healing systems. We proposed CHESS, a novel approach to address this gap by evaluating self-adaptive and self-healing systems through fault injection based on chaos engineering (CE) [ arXiv:2208.13227 ]. The artifact presented in this paper provides an extensive overview of the use of CHESS through two microservice-based case studies: a smart office case study and an existing demo application called Yelb. It comes with a managing system service, a self-monitoring service, as well as five fault injection scenarios covering infrastructure faults and functional faults. Each of these components can be easily extended or replaced to adopt the CHESS approach to a new case study, help explore its promises and limitations, and identify directions for future research. Keywords: self-healing, resilience, chaos engineering, evaluation, artifact

Lvyang Yang, Jiankang Zhang, Huaiqiang Li et al.

The digitization of engineering drawings is crucial for efficient reuse, distribution, and archiving. Existing computer vision approaches for digitizing engineering drawings typically assume the input drawings have high quality. However, in reality, engineering drawings are often blurred and distorted due to improper scanning, storage, and transmission, which may jeopardize the effectiveness of existing approaches. This paper focuses on restoring and recognizing low-quality engineering drawings, where an end-to-end framework is proposed to improve the quality of the drawings and identify the graphical symbols on them. The framework uses K-means clustering to classify different engineering drawing patches into simple and complex texture patches based on their gray level co-occurrence matrix statistics. Computer vision operations and a modified Enhanced Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Network (ESRGAN) model are then used to improve the quality of the two types of patches, respectively. A modified Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Faster R-CNN) model is used to recognize the quality-enhanced graphical symbols. Additionally, a multi-stage task-driven collaborative learning strategy is proposed to train the modified ESRGAN and Faster R-CNN models to improve the resolution of engineering drawings in the direction that facilitates graphical symbol recognition, rather than human visual perception. A synthetic data generation method is also proposed to construct quality-degraded samples for training the framework. Experiments on real-world electrical diagrams show that the proposed framework achieves an accuracy of 98.98% and a recall of 99.33%, demonstrating its superiority over previous approaches. Moreover, the framework is integrated into a widely-used power system software application to showcase its practicality.

Lars Reimann, Günter Kniesel-Wünsche

Development of machine learning (ML) applications is hard. Producing successful applications requires, among others, being deeply familiar with a variety of complex and quickly evolving application programming interfaces (APIs). It is therefore critical to understand what prevents developers from learning these APIs, using them properly at development time, and understanding what went wrong when it comes to debugging. We look at the (lack of) guidance that currently used development environments and ML APIs provide to developers of ML applications, contrast these with software engineering best practices, and identify gaps in the current state of the art. We show that current ML tools fall short of fulfilling some basic software engineering gold standards and point out ways in which software engineering concepts, tools and techniques need to be extended and adapted to match the special needs of ML application development. Our findings point out ample opportunities for research on ML-specific software engineering.

Predrag Popović, Olivier Devauchelle, Anaïs Abramian et al.

Understanding how rivers adjust to the sediment load they carry is critical to predicting the evolution of landscapes. Presently, however, no physically based model reliably captures the dependence of basic river properties, such as its shape or slope, on the discharge of sediment, even in the simple case of laboratory rivers. Here, we show how the balance between fluid stress and gravity acting on the sediment grains, along with cross-stream diffusion of sediment, determines the shape and sediment flux profile of laminar laboratory rivers which carry sediment as bedload. Using this model, which reliably reproduces the experiments without any tuning, we confirm the hypothesis, originally proposed by Parker (1978), that rivers are restricted to exist close to the threshold of sediment motion (within about 20%). This limit is set by the fluid-sediment interaction and is independent of the water and sediment load carried by the river. Thus, as the total sediment discharge increases, the intensity of sediment flux (sediment discharge per unit width) in a river saturates, and the river can only transport more sediment by widening. In this large discharge regime, the cross-stream diffusion of momentum in the flow permits sediment transport. Conversely, in the weak transport regime, the transported sediment concentrates around the river center without significantly altering the river shape. If this theory holds for natural rivers, the aspect ratio of a river could become a proxy for sediment discharge - a quantity notoriously difficult to measure in the field.

Ian A. Cosden

The Princeton Research Software Engineering Group has grown rapidly since its inception in late 2016. The group, housed in the central Research Computing Department, comprised of professional Research Software Engineers (RSEs), works directly with researchers to create high quality research software to enable new scientific advances. As the group has matured so has the need for formalizing operational details and procedures. The RSE group uses an RSE partnership model, where Research Software Engineers work long-term with a designated academic department, institute, center, consortium, or individual principal investigator (PI). This article describes the operation of the central Princeton RSE group including funding, partner & project selection, and best practices for defining expectations for a successful partnership with researchers.

S. Ragettli, X. Tong, G. Zhang et al.

Flood events are difficult to characterize if available observation records are shorter than the recurrence intervals, and the non-stationarity of the climate adds additional uncertainty. In this study, we use a hydrological model coupled with a stochastic weather generator to simulate the summer flood regime in two mountainous catchments located in China and Switzerland. The models are set up with hourly data from only 10–20 years of observations but are successfully validated against 30–40-year long records of flood frequencies and magnitudes. To assess the climate change impacts on flood frequencies, we re-calibrate the weather generator with the climate statistics for 2021–2050 obtained from ensembles of bias-corrected regional climate models. Across all assessed return periods (10–100 years) and two emission scenarios, nearly all model chains indicate an intensification of flood extremes. According to the ensemble averages, the potential flood magnitudes increase by more than 30% in both catchments. The unambiguousness of the results is remarkable and can be explained by three factors rarely combined in previous studies: reduced statistical uncertainty due to a stochastic modelling approach, hourly time steps and the focus on headwater catchments where local topography and convective storms are causing runoff extremes within a confined area.

Mousumi Ghosh, Mohit Prakash Mohanty, Pushpendra Kishore et al.

This study proposes a novel comprehensive hydrodynamic flood modelling framework over Mithi river watershed in Mumbai, India, a coastal urban area, to reduce the inundation extent by incorporation of different inland hydraulic scenarios. First, the study addresses the issue of data scarcity by adapting alternate robust techniques to estimate design rainfall, tidal elevation and discharge, the key inputs for a flood model. Following that, a three-way linked flood model has been developed in the MIKE FLOOD platform, considering river, stormwater, overland flow and tidal influence to generate flood inundation and subsequently hazard maps for various inland hydraulic scenarios, by incorporating different feasible cross-sections and lining materials. The flood inundation and hazard maps have been derived for 10-, 50- and 200-year return periods of design rainfall, discharge and tide to identify the best possible flood-reducing hydraulic scenario. It is observed that a ‘trapezoidal river cross-section lined with concrete’ relatively maximizes the reduction in flooding extent. The proposed framework can be implemented as an effective flood mitigation strategy in data-scarce, densely populated and space-constrained areas. HIGHLIGHTS This study proposes a novel comprehensive hydrodynamic flood modelling framework to reduce the inundation extent by incorporation of different inland hydraulic scenarios considering various combinations of cross-sections and lining material options.; The maps are derived for 10, 50, and 200 year return periods of design rainfall, discharge and tide to identify the best possible flood-reducing hydraulic scenario.; This easy-to-implement, user-friendly framework has the potential based on modifications along the river channel of being an effective flood mitigation strategy, especially in data-scarce areas, socially-relevant set-ups, and densely populated and space-constrained areas where implementing structural measures like construction of dams, reservoirs etc., are no simple panacea.; The area considered in this study comprises the Mithi river catchment – a highly flood-prone region in Mumbai, the commercial capital of India.; This framework would prove beneficial particularly for densely populated urban catchments wherein space constraints render the adaptation of structural measures for flood management difficult.;

WANG Kunyun, HU Diyong, YANG Zhu

As the most important performance of self-compacting concrete (SCC),the workability has been studied extensively and deeply.In addition to high sand ratio and low water-cement ratio,mineral admixtures also have a great impact on the workability of SCC.In order to promote the use and development of SCC,after consulting a large number of domestic and foreign documents,this paper summarizes the use and research status of mineral admixtures in SCC in recent years,reviews the influence of different mineral admixtures on the workability of SCC,and specifies their mechanism.Generally speaking,common admixtures such as fly ash,slag,silica fume and limestone powder can improve part of the workability of SCC,and the main mechanism includes the “morphological effect”,“water reducing effect” and “volume effect” of these admixtures.However,there are few studies on the effects of mineral admixtures such as copper slag,waste glass slag,bagasse ash,pumice powder and lithium slag on the workability of SCC,so they are still in doubt,and need to be further studied.