Hasil untuk "Psychology"

Johannes Haushofer, Ernst Fehr

J. Wagemans, J. Elder, M. Kubovy et al.

In 1912, Max Wertheimer published his paper on phi motion, widely recognized as the start of Gestalt psychology. Because of its continued relevance in modern psychology, this centennial anniversary is an excellent opportunity to take stock of what Gestalt psychology has offered and how it has changed since its inception. We first introduce the key findings and ideas in the Berlin school of Gestalt psychology, and then briefly sketch its development, rise, and fall. Next, we discuss its empirical and conceptual problems, and indicate how they are addressed in contemporary research on perceptual grouping and figure-ground organization. In particular, we review the principles of grouping, both classical (e.g., proximity, similarity, common fate, good continuation, closure, symmetry, parallelism) and new (e.g., synchrony, common region, element and uniform connectedness), and their role in contour integration and completion. We then review classic and new image-based principles of figure-ground organization, how it is influenced by past experience and attention, and how it relates to shape and depth perception. After an integrated review of the neural mechanisms involved in contour grouping, border ownership, and figure-ground perception, we conclude by evaluating what modern vision science has offered compared to traditional Gestalt psychology, whether we can speak of a Gestalt revival, and where the remaining limitations and challenges lie. A better integration of this research tradition with the rest of vision science requires further progress regarding the conceptual and theoretical foundations of the Gestalt approach, which is the focus of a second review article.

E. Burman

H. Kaplan, S. Gangestad

R. Lerner, L. Steinberg

D. Berlyne

D. Ausubel

D. Norman

H. Lips, N. Colwill

M. Seligman

Rod, A., Martin

P. Molenaar

Shelly L. Gable, J. Haidt

R. Weinberg, D. Gould

P. Heelas, N. Rose

K. Pargament

L. Cronbach

Annamaria Di Fabio

This article discusses the contribution of the psychology of sustainability and sustainable development to well-being in organizations from a primary prevention perspective. It deals with sustainability not only in terms of the ecological, economic, and social environment but also in terms of improving the quality of life of every human being. The psychology of sustainability and sustainable development is seen as a primary prevention perspective that can foster well-being in organizations at all the different levels going from the worker, to the group, to the organization, and also to inter-organizational processes. The possibilities for further research and interventions are also discussed.

Fahimeh Pakravan, Ali Yousefian Najafabadi, Zohreh Meshkati et al.

Abstract Introduction Injuries sustained during physical activities are a common concern among athletes, with dental trauma representing a significant yet often under-addressed component. Timely and appropriate intervention is critical to successful outcomes, making the awareness and performance of first-line responders—particularly physical education graduates—an essential focus. This study evaluates their knowledge and practices regarding emergency management of dental trauma. Materials and methods This cross-sectional descriptive study assessed 206 physical education graduates in Isfahan between 2024 and 2025. Data were collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire comprising 12 targeted items, validated with a content validity ratio (CVR > 0.51) and confirmed reliability (ICC = 0.884). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (Version 26), including descriptive measures (mean, standard deviation, frequency) and inferential tests (independent t-tests, ANOVA). Results Participants demonstrated moderate proficiency in dental trauma awareness and self-reported practical knowledge, with an overall mean score of 9.74 ± 4.80 (scale: 0–20). Awareness and performance scores were closely aligned (9.08 ± 4.99 and 9.07 ± 5.39, respectively). Significant predictors of higher competency included academic achievement (P = 0.023), direct exposure to dental trauma (P = 0.001), engagement in high-contact sports such as martial arts (P = 0.016), and formal training in trauma management (P = 0.012). Conversely, gender, general athletic history, and school-level sports involvement were not statistically associated with performance outcomes. Conclusion Most PE graduates demonstrated limited preparedness for managing dental trauma. Academic progression, trauma exposure, and targeted training were associated with better awareness and applied knowledge. These findings support the integration of oral emergency response modules into sports education curricula and certification programs—promoting health literacy and alignment with WHO health promotion objectives.

Alexander A. Polonnikov

The article is dedicated to the 85th anniversary of Viktor P. Sheinov, a Belarusian-Russian scientist, Doctor of Sociological Sciences, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Academician of the International Academy of Information Technologies. The author believes that attention to Viktor P. Sheynov’s phenomenon is important not only from the point of view of the contribution of its bearer to various areas of intellectual activity, but also in connection with the search for resources for the renewal of domestic humanitarian science, and the significance of precedents for its effective implementation.