Hasil untuk "Print media"

Robert Faulkner, Natalia Gonzalez-Vazquez, Victoria Gamez et al.

Describe an animal without using the verb look. Can you effectively provide an alternative method for interpreting complex microscopy images while preserving the length scale? The world is filled with features too small for our eyes to see: the setae on a gecko's feet, the cuticles covering a rat's whisker, or the fuzziness of a bat's wing. Furthermore, these structures are non-homogeneous, often shifting from stiff to soft. We provide a workflow for producing low-data, low-cost, and open-source lithograph files, allowing tactile accessibility in microscopy images. The lithographs made with this workflow can be printed on a 350 USD 3D printer using 3D files under 100 Mb, for a total cost per print of 0.75 USD. This work seeks to leverage advanced 3D printing to create tactile graphics and art that make science more accessible and enable tactile exploration of biological structures. This framework in this text is aligned with a GitHub repository that will be constantly updated, allowing tactile media to be created as 3D printing and lithography become more streamlined in the years to come.

Jingruo Chen, TungYen Wang, Marie Williams et al.

AI-generated images are increasingly prevalent on social media, raising concerns about trust and authenticity. This study investigates how different levels of label detail (basic, moderate, maximum) and content stakes (high vs. low) influence user engagement with and perceptions of AI-generated images through a within-subjects experimental study with 105 participants. Our findings reveal that increasing label detail enhances user perceptions of label transparency but does not affect user engagement. However, content stakes significantly impact user engagement and perceptions, with users demonstrating higher engagement and trust in low-stakes images. These results suggest that social media platforms can adopt detailed labels to improve transparency without compromising user engagement, offering insights for effective labeling strategies for AI-generated content.

Twisha Chattopadhyay, Fabricio Ceschin, Marco E. Garza et al.

The 3D printing industry is rapidly growing and increasingly adopted across various sectors including manufacturing, healthcare, and defense. However, the operational setup often involves hazardous environments, necessitating remote monitoring through cameras and other sensors, which opens the door to cyber-based attacks. In this paper, we show that an adversary with access to video recordings of the 3D printing process can reverse engineer the underlying 3D print instructions. Our model tracks the printer nozzle movements during the printing process and maps the corresponding trajectory into G-code instructions. Further, it identifies the correct parameters such as feed rate and extrusion rate, enabling successful intellectual property theft. To validate this, we design an equivalence checker that quantitatively compares two sets of 3D print instructions, evaluating their similarity in producing objects alike in shape, external appearance, and internal structure. Unlike simple distance-based metrics such as normalized mean square error, our equivalence checker is both rotationally and translationally invariant, accounting for shifts in the base position of the reverse engineered instructions caused by different camera positions. Our model achieves an average accuracy of 90.87 percent and generates 30.20 percent fewer instructions compared to existing methods, which often produce faulty or inaccurate prints. Finally, we demonstrate a fully functional counterfeit object generated by reverse engineering 3D print instructions from video.

Venesio Bwambale Bhangyi, Mette Rømer

In Uganda, the social work profession was introduced by the British colonial government, and therefore activated as a tool of colonial state control. Consequently, the profession adopted Western philosophies with a disregard for indigenous social support philosophies. It used a non-political stance to counter political dissent, resistance and activism against the colonial administration. In the decades that have followed, the profession’s invisibility in politics and activism has undermined its critical contribution to challenging injustice in social policy and society. In this article, we challenge this apolitical epistemology of social work in Uganda rooted in the profession’s colonial past, the country’s violent political history and contemporary neoliberal economic choices. We use a case analysis of the political contestations, human rights violations and human victims in the 2021 presidential elections in Uganda. We conducted a thematic analysis of data sourced from both print and electronic media, election observer reports and human rights reports. From this analysis, we argue that Uganda’s political contestations produce widespread state- and non-state-driven human rights violations. We articulate that the resultant countless human victims can no longer be ignored, and should compel social work as a profession that seeks to promote social justice into action. From a decolonial standpoint, we stress that social work’s continued inaction cannot safeguard the profession’s social justice mission amidst Uganda’s political contestations. Since the outcomes of these political contestations profoundly impact social justice, human rights and the well-being of the majority of the communities, we argue that the social work profession in Uganda must galvanise the commitment to engage in the politics of the day vigorously and publicly. We conclude by making calls for social work actions that utilise indigenous pathways in building a credible political leadership that safeguards the rights and wellness of society.

Deshna Oswal, Mubashir Angolkar, N. S. Mahantashetti et al.

IntroductionRapid urbanization in low- and middle-income countries has led to the expansion of slums, where children face a heightened risk of undernutrition. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of undernutrition and its determinants among children residing in the urban slums of Belagavi, Karnataka.MethodsThe anthropometric measurements, clinical signs, demographic information, and dietary history of children aged 9–36 months from urban slums were assessed. The chi-square test, bivariate analysis, and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify the risk factors at the child, maternal, and household levels for undernutrition.ResultsThe prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight among children aged 9–36 months was 44%, 11%, and 25%, respectively. Common predictors of stunting and underweight included low birth weight, short maternal stature, lack of maternal exposure to print media, and maternal consumption of iron–folic acid during pregnancy. A lack of maternal exposure to print media was also associated with wasting. In addition, stunting was linked to male sex and low maternal education, while underweight was associated with children from non-Hindu and non-Muslim religious backgrounds, and maternal lack of autonomy or control over household finances. Wasting, however, was associated with the 24–36 months age group and maternal gestational diabetes.ConclusionA high level of undernutrition was observed in the urban slums of Belagavi, with the prevalence of stunting exceeding the national and state averages. Undernutrition was linked to maternal, child, and household factors, including low birth weight, maternal stature, education, and autonomy.

H.C. Carter

Geoffrey Chaucer’s (1343–1400) repeated phrases are a conundrum. Nancy Mason Bradbury has referred to them as ‘formulas’; Derek Brewer has described Chaucer’s poems as having a ‘traditional formulaic style’. But why would a literate poet make use of a device that tends to be associated with orality? This paper offers an alternative comparandum for Chaucer’s repeated phrases: the refrain. As well as writing narrative poetry, Chaucer acknowledges at the end of The Canterbury tales that during his career he has written ‘many a song and many a leccherous lay’ (‘many a song and many a lascivious ditty’). Few of these songs survive, but one in particular—a ballade  known as ‘To Rosemounde’—shows Chaucer to have a keen facility with the paradoxical potential of the refrain. ‘To Rosemounde’ survives in only one manuscript copy, paired with Chaucer’s narrative poem Troilus and Criseyde. This manuscript pairing, and Chaucer’s frequent presentation of Troilus and Criseyde itself as a ‘song’, invites a comparison of the poem’s repeated phrases to the refrains of a song lyric. In Troilus, phrases that are repeated at crucial moments—such as ‘I can no more’ and ‘without more’—emulate refrains by holding repetition and closure in an unstable synthesis.

Savita V. Kendre, Lehong Wang, Ethan Wilke et al.

Existing fluidic soft logic gates for the control of soft robots either rely on extensive manual fabrication processes or expensive printing techniques. In our work, we explore Fused Deposition Modeling for creating fully 3D printed fluidic logic gates. We print a soft bistable valve from thermoplastic polyurethane using a desktop FDM printer. We introduce a new printing nozzle for extruding tubing. Our fabrication strategy reduces the production time of soft bistable valves from 27 hours with replica molding to 3 hours with a FDM printer. Our rapid and cost-effective fabrication process for fluidic logic gates seeks to democratize fluidic circuitry for the control of soft robots.

Yijia Wu, Zilin Dai, Haotian Liu et al.

Pneumatic soft robots are typically fabricated by molding, a manual fabrication process that requires skilled labor. Additive manufacturing has the potential to break this limitation and speed up the fabrication process but struggles with consistently producing high-quality prints. We propose a low-cost approach to improve the print quality of desktop fused deposition modeling by adding a webcam to the printer to monitor the printing process and detect and correct defects such as holes or gaps. We demonstrate that our approach improves the air-tightness of printed pneumatic actuators without fine-tuning printing parameters. Our approach presents a new option for robustly fabricating airtight, soft robotic actuators.

Qingfeng Li, James Cheng Peng, Diwakar Mohan et al.

BackgroundHighly effective COVID-19 vaccines are available and free of charge in the United States. With adequate coverage, their use may help return life back to normal and reduce COVID-19–related hospitalization and death. Many barriers to widespread inoculation have prevented herd immunity, including vaccine hesitancy, lack of vaccine knowledge, and misinformation. The Ad Council and COVID Collaborative have been conducting one of the largest nationwide targeted campaigns (“It’s Up to You”) to communicate vaccine information and encourage timely vaccination across the United States. More than 300 major brands, digital and print media companies, and community-based organizations support the campaigns to reach distinct audiences. ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to use aggregated mobility data to assess the effectiveness of the campaign on COVID-19 vaccine uptake. MethodsCampaign exposure data were collected from the Cuebiq advertising impact measurement platform consisting of about 17 million opted-in and deidentified mobile devices across the country. A Bayesian spatiotemporal hierarchical model was developed to assess campaign effectiveness through estimating the association between county-level campaign exposure and vaccination rates reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. To minimize potential bias in exposure to the campaign, the model included several control variables (eg, age, race or ethnicity, income, and political affiliation). We also incorporated conditional autoregressive residual models to account for apparent spatiotemporal autocorrelation. ResultsThe data set covers a panel of 3104 counties from 48 states and the District of Columbia during a period of 22 weeks (March 29 to August 29, 2021). Officially launched in February 2021, the campaign reached about 3% of the anonymous devices on the Cuebiq platform by the end of March, which was the start of the study period. That exposure rate gradually declined to slightly above 1% in August 2021, effectively ending the study period. Results from the Bayesian hierarchical model indicate a statistically significant positive association between campaign exposure and vaccine uptake at the county level. A campaign that reaches everyone would boost the vaccination rate by 2.2% (95% uncertainty interval: 2.0%-2.4%) on a weekly basis, compared to the baseline case of no campaign. ConclusionsThe “It’s Up to You” campaign is effective in promoting COVID-19 vaccine uptake, suggesting that a nationwide targeted mass media campaign with multisectoral collaborations could be an impactful health communication strategy to improve progress against this and future pandemics. Methodologically, the results also show that location intelligence and mobile phone–based monitoring platforms can be effective in measuring impact of large-scale digital campaigns in near real time.

Sherry Ashour, Huaizhong Xu

Melt electrowriting (MEW) is an extrusion-based additive manufacturing technology to create a complex construct with micro-scale fidelity. The elevated nozzle-to-collector distance of MEW needs a high requirement to control the charged jet, which relies on the understanding of the corresponding jet kinematics at different printing conditions. This study focuses on investigating the effect of printing speed on jet diameter and jet speed along the spinline from Taylor-cone to landing point, suggesting that the fiber diameter decreases linearly with the increment of printing speed; the jet speed along the spinline has a nonlinear change for printing at various speeds, i.e., the elongation rate is not constant.

Артем Олегович Карачевцев, Михайло Петрович Горський, Клавдія Юріївна Зенкова et al.

In our manuscript, the materials of analytical substantiation and experimental verification of a new method of digital Fourier processing of polarization images of optically anisotropic polymer layers are presented. This method involves the following steps: ‘Fourier direct FFT’ — ‘Space-frequency filtering’ — ‘Inverse Fourier transform’ of laser images of a polymer material. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to search for new methods of Stokes polarimetry by using matched spatial-frequency filtering to diagnose and study the manifestations of various mechanisms of phase anisotropy of polycrystalline polymer networks for the creation and control of packaging printing products. The methods used in this work are aimed at studying the mechanisms for obtaining the coordinate distributions of the azimuth and ellipticity of the polarization of object fields of laser radiation, which are formed by various mechanisms of linear and circular birefringence of inhomogeneous polyethylene meshes in the boundary zone and the Fourier plane. To determine the main relationships between the optical-geometric characteristics of polymer networks and the distributions of azimuths and polarization ellipticity in the Fourier plane, computer simulation was carried out. Two types of objects were used as mock-up birefringent polymer meshes. The first type was a network of birefringent cylinders, which are located in the direction of the optical axes and are in the same plane. The second type is an ensemble of birefringent spheres whose centers lie in the same plane. We have proposed and analytically substantiated a unified model of a polymer layer, which is a superposition of linear and circular birefringence. The dependence of a set of statistical moments on the optical-geometric (geometric) parameters of virtual ordered cylinders and spheres is demonstrated.

Kristoffer L. Nielbo, Rebekah B. Baglini, Peter B. Vahlstrup et al.

Content alignment in news media was an observable information effect of Covid-19's initial phase. During the first half of 2020, legacy news media became "corona news" following national outbreak and crises management patterns. While news media are neither unbiased nor infallible as sources of events, they do provide a window into socio-cultural responses to events. In this paper, we use legacy print media to empirically derive the principle News Information Decoupling (NID) that functions as an information signature of culturally significant catastrophic event. Formally, NID can provide input to change detection algorithms and points to several unsolved research problems in the intersection of information theory and media studies.

Nora Østbø, Elizabeth Y. Jimenez, Sami Harb et al.

Objective Where people with systemic sclerosis (SSc) (or scleroderma) obtain diet and nutrition information to manage their disease is not known. Objectives were to identify 1) resources used by people with SSc for nutrition and diet information and 2) perceived advantages and disadvantages of resources. Methods We conducted nominal group technique (NGT) sessions in which people with SSc reported nutrition and diet information resources they have used and perceived advantages and disadvantages of accessing and using resources. Participants indicated whether they had tried each resource. They rated helpfulness and importance of possible advantages and disadvantages. Items elicited across sessions were merged to eliminate overlap. Results We conducted four NGT sessions (three English language, one French language; 15 total participants) and identified 33 unique information resources, 147 resource‐specific advantages, and 118 resource‐specific disadvantages. Resource categories included health care providers, alternative and complementary practitioners, websites and other media platforms, events, and print materials. The most common themes for advantages and disadvantages included quality and individualization of information and accessibility of resources in terms of cost, location, and comprehensibility. Information provided by medical professionals was regarded as most credible and can be obtained through books, articles, and websites if individual consultation is not easily accessible. Web‐based information was considered highly accessible, although of variable credibility. In‐person events may be an important source of health information for people with SSc. Conclusion People with SSc obtain nutrition and diet information from multiple resources. They seek credible and accessible resources that provide SSc‐specific and individualized information.

Václav Řeřicha, Libor Práger

Each technology amplifies human functions, with photographs and videos enhancing vision and memory. The appeal of photography results from the fact that the stationary single eye is technologically extended. The technology of photography exceeds the limits of the eye, as the camera is a total stationary light catcher without the blurred edges of human vision. Photographs are “magical” and  appealing because they suddenly offer an improved eye, another more powerful and extended recorder of visual events for eternity outside our memory. Recorded events are felt to have more reality than the original, while a photograph as an experience translated into a new medium “bestows a delightful playback of earlier awareness.”1 These are therefore ideal means of communication for the platforms of the digital environment of social media and esports. The rapid development of digital photography has had the effect of returning the user to the content of historical technologies, with video clips flipping back to mediaeval performances, social media communicating with images and symbols of the non-literacy environment of the Middle Ages, and 3D imaging flipping back to sculpting. Non-print perceptual learning is becoming more prevalent, with literate cultures rendered obsolete by the inclusive and instantaneous digital environment.

Alberto Barron-Cedeno, Tamer Elsayed, Preslav Nakov et al.

We present an overview of the third edition of the CheckThat! Lab at CLEF 2020. The lab featured five tasks in two different languages: English and Arabic. The first four tasks compose the full pipeline of claim verification in social media: Task 1 on check-worthiness estimation, Task 2 on retrieving previously fact-checked claims, Task 3 on evidence retrieval, and Task 4 on claim verification. The lab is completed with Task 5 on check-worthiness estimation in political debates and speeches. A total of 67 teams registered to participate in the lab (up from 47 at CLEF 2019), and 23 of them actually submitted runs (compared to 14 at CLEF 2019). Most teams used deep neural networks based on BERT, LSTMs, or CNNs, and achieved sizable improvements over the baselines on all tasks. Here we describe the tasks setup, the evaluation results, and a summary of the approaches used by the participants, and we discuss some lessons learned. Last but not least, we release to the research community all datasets from the lab as well as the evaluation scripts, which should enable further research in the important tasks of check-worthiness estimation and automatic claim verification.

Hannelore Hemminger, Xiaoyu, Zheng

During the COVID-19 pandemic, medical facilities began using 3D printed PPE sourced from their own print labs, makerspaces, universities, and individuals with 3D printers to fill the gaps in supply as traditional manufacturing was not widely enough distributed nor quick enough to scale to widespread spikes in demand. However, to date this PPE has been limited to low-temperature, easy to print thermoplastics which are not compatible with autoclave sterilization and must be sterilized by hand washing methods. Herein, we present a method for 3D printing a temperature resistant nylon copolymer on a common low-cost 3D printer. We show that the resulting parts can be autoclaved without deformation, and conduct uniaxial tensile testing showing that autoclaving the material does not result in substantial degradation of material properties. As a result, we demonstrate the capability to manufacture autoclavable PPE on low-cost consumer 3D printers with only minor modification.

Nagendra Kumar, Rakshita Nagalla, Tanya Marwah et al.

Social media is currently one of the most important means of news communication. Since people are consuming a large fraction of their daily news through social media, most of the traditional news channels are using social media to catch the attention of users. Each news channel has its own strategies to attract more users. In this paper, we analyze how the news channels use sentiment to garner users' attention in social media. We compare the sentiment of social media news posts of television, radio and print media, to show the differences in the ways these channels cover the news. We also analyze users' reactions and opinion sentiment on news posts with different sentiments. We perform our experiments on a dataset extracted from Facebook Pages of five popular news channels. Our dataset contains 0.15 million news posts and 1.13 billion users reactions. The results of our experiments show that the sentiment of user opinion has a strong correlation with the sentiment of the news post and the type of information source. Our study also illustrates the differences among the social media news channels of different types of news sources.

Song-Chuan Zhao, Mariska Maas, Kaspar Jansen et al.

Additive manufacturing strives to combine any combination of materials into three dimensional functional structures and devices, ultimately opening up the possibility of 3D printed machines. It remains difficult to actuate such devices, thus limiting the scope of 3D printed machines to passive devices or necessitating the incorporation of external actuators that are manufactured differently. Here we explore 3D printed hybrid thermoplast/conducter bilayers, that can be actuated by differential heating caused by externally controllable currents flowing through their conducting faces. We uncover the functionality of such actuators and show that they allow to 3D print, in one pass, simple flexible robotic structures that propel forward under step-wise applied voltages. Moreover, exploiting the thermoplasticity of the non-conducting plastic parts at elevated temperatures, we show how strong driving leads to irreversible deformations - a form of 4D printing - which also enlarges the range of linear response of the actuators. Finally, we show how to leverage such thermoplastic relaxations to accumulate plastic deformations and obtain very large deformations by alternatively driving both layers of a bilayer; we call this ratcheting. Our strategy is scalable and widely applicable, and opens up a new approach to reversible actuation and irreversible 4D printing of arbitrary structures and machines.

Ольга Володимирівна Тріщук, Надія Миколаївна Фіголь, Наталя Сергіївна Волик

Освітня система активно переходить від академічної лекційної моделі до тренінгової. Однак, новітні реформи часто складаються лише із запозичених слів, зміст яких не завжди відомий працівникам реформованої сфери. До прикладу, створено чимало статей щодо залучення ігрових компонентів до вивчення англійської мови, водночас стосовно інших предметів новітній підхід застосовують лише подекуди і тримається він лише на ентузіазмі окремих творчих викладачів. Усвідомлюючи важливість переходу освітньої системи до більш сучасних форм, ми звернулись до новітнього методу — гейміфікації, яка має великий потенціал використання в усіх сферах людської діяльності, зокрема в освітній, що й зумовлює актуальність нашої роботи. Метою роботи є визначення соціально-комунікаційної сутності гейміфікації та особливостей її функціонування у різних сферах професійної діяльності і, насамперед, в освітній. Об’єктом дослідження є гейміфікація як соціо-комунікаційний феномен, а предмет полягає у визначенні доцільності й ефективності застосування гейміфікації як способу привернути увагу аудиторії до контентув освітньому процесі. Під час проведення досліджень використовувались такі методи: аналіз — проведено аналіз літературних джерел з теми гейміфікації в Україні та світі; контент-аналіз — зафіксовано та проаналізовано конкретні приклади впровадження гейміфікації, встановлено критерії її ефективності. У статті структуровано етапи становлення гейміфікації як соціального та культурного явища, і як наукового терміна, запропоновано критерії однозначності засобів гейміфікації, розроблено метод аналізу ефективності гейміфікованих матеріалів. Практичними досягненнями можна вважати можливість подальших досліджень щодо особливостей розвитку гейміфікованих технологій та розроблення методу оцінки ефективності гейміфікованих матеріалів для подальшого коригування текстів залежно від мети.

Ankush Khandelwal, Sahil Swami, Syed S. Akhtar et al.

The tremendous amount of user generated data through social networking sites led to the gaining popularity of automatic text classification in the field of computational linguistics over the past decade. Within this domain, one problem that has drawn the attention of many researchers is automatic humor detection in texts. In depth semantic understanding of the text is required to detect humor which makes the problem difficult to automate. With increase in the number of social media users, many multilingual speakers often interchange between languages while posting on social media which is called code-mixing. It introduces some challenges in the field of linguistic analysis of social media content (Barman et al., 2014), like spelling variations and non-grammatical structures in a sentence. Past researches include detecting puns in texts (Kao et al., 2016) and humor in one-lines (Mihalcea et al., 2010) in a single language, but with the tremendous amount of code-mixed data available online, there is a need to develop techniques which detects humor in code-mixed tweets. In this paper, we analyze the task of humor detection in texts and describe a freely available corpus containing English-Hindi code-mixed tweets annotated with humorous(H) or non-humorous(N) tags. We also tagged the words in the tweets with Language tags (English/Hindi/Others). Moreover, we describe the experiments carried out on the corpus and provide a baseline classification system which distinguishes between humorous and non-humorous texts.