Hasil untuk "Philology. Linguistics"

M. Foucault

Oleg Vitalyevich Smirnov

This article substantiates the possibility of obtaining data on extinct Finno-Ugric languages of Central Russia through a formalized catalogue of substrate toponyms of Finno-Ugric origin within the historical Merya lands (HML). The key to etymologizing lexical facts within the local toponymic system, presumably left by the Merya and Muroma languages, lies in the identification of several dozen instances of geographical name calquing. This approach suggests that the study of the local substrate toponymic system is akin to deciphering the writing through existing bilinguals. The presumable calques provide the most reliable toponymic evidence for these extinct languages. Mapping these calques within the HML reveals a strong correlation with the locations of archaeological sites, which are thought to be left by the Merya in the late 1st to early 2nd millennium AD, indicating their time and history of origin. The recurrence and widespread nature of these cases reduce the probability of random matches to near zero. The number of toponymic bases involved in the calquing process exceeds 70 units. This is sufficient to perform primary observations on the phonetic and word-formation features of substrate lexical facts from the perspective of historical phonetics and historical lexicology of Finno-Ugric languages. The study revealed not only instances of Russian toponymic calques but also repeatedly occurring cases of calquing between different dialects (languages) of extinct Finno-Ugric ethnic groups. This alone indicates the presence of not one but several Finno-Ugric dialects (languages) in the HML territory before Russian settlement. The first part of the article demonstrates examples and the importance of detecting cases of calquing for the formation of an initial set of reliable etymologies. The second part will present an analysis of the phonetic and word-formation features of the identified linguistic facts of the extinct Finno-Ugric languages in the HML and their closest correspondences in the Finno-Volga languages.

Miao Guo

This study investigates news audiences’ platform preferences, usage patterns, and factors affecting their mobile news consumption through news apps. Four explanatory factors, news app users’ demographics, news media usage, perceptions, and motivations, are proposed to predict adoption intention. By surveying 698 mobile news app users in the US, this study’s findings indicate that user perceptions of news apps (i.e., perceived ease of use, compatibility, relative content advantage, and observability) and instrumental motivations of news consumption (i.e., information-seeking and opinion needs) best predict news consumers’ willingness to continue using mobile news apps. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed to offer new insights into mobile news audience behavior and inform current digital publishers on cross-media strategies in the highly competitive mobile news market.

Anne-Rachel Hermetet

L’article s’interroge sur la place des « polars ruraux » dans une plus vaste production littéraire portant la trace de préoccupations environnementales. Il aborde, en particulier, les modalités d’insertion d’un discours écologique et les enjeux de celui-ci dans un ensemble de romans policiers européens contemporains.

Sarah Bro Trasmundi, Sarah Bro Trasmundi, Juan Toro et al.

This paper applies an embodied perspective to the study of reading and has a two-fold aim: (i) to discuss how reading is best understood in terms of cultural-cognitive performance that involves living bodies who actively engage with reading materials, and (ii) to spark a dialogue with neighboring disciplines, such as multimodality studies and movement studies, which likewise pivot on how practices and performances involve moving bodies: life is something we do. An embodied cognitive perspective considers how performance is constrained by and draws on expertise such as lived experience as well as the material affordances available in the situation. Such a perspective is crucial for reading research as this domain has been, and largely still is, dominated by the view that reading is a silent, disembodied activity that takes place in the reader's brain by means of neural mechanisms. However, recent studies of reading practices are starting to develop new explanations emphasizing the multimodal engagement in reading as crucial for managing the activity. While this perspective is still empirically underexplored, we seek to highlight how reading is managed by readers' dynamic, embodied engagement with the material. We call this engagement cognitive pacemaking, an action-perception phenomenon we argue should be considered as the key mechanism for controlling attention. We present here a framework to understand reading in terms of pacemaking by emphasizing attentional shifts constituted by embodied modulations of lived temporality. Methodologically, we combine a close reading of a classic literary text, with the focus on attentional modulation with a qualitative study of university students reading different short texts. We highlight how meaning emerges not primarily from linguistic decoding and comprehension, but also from cognitive-cultural, multimodal engagement with the text. Finally, we conclude that empirical reading research should focus on how embodied reading differs across contexts, genres, media and personalities to better scaffold and design reading settings in accordance with those aspects.

Tim Greer

This study explores the multimodal action formation of second language (L2) apologies, particularly in relation to the members’ orientation to the significance of the misdemeanour. Although talk is the primary means through which participants accomplish apologies, embodied and paralinguistic interaction also play an integral role in conveying the proportional intensity of the apology. Members may bolster a second language apology with gestures from their first language, such as the Japanese gassho gesture. The study draws on conversation analytic research on L2 use as situated within a complex ecology of multimodal social interaction to reflect on the notions of interactional competence and interactional repertoires. The sequences were video-recorded among Japanese homestay visitors and their American host families.

O. Valentinova, Валентинова Ольга Ивановна, V. Denisenko et al.

The article describes disputes about current issues of the modern scientific paradigm from the standpoint of systemic linguistics, whose powerful explanatory potential remains beyond the scope of the mass trends of linguistic science, and the formulation of new scientific issues as a result of a fruitful extrapolation of the systemic approach to the fields of philology that are not considered by the founders of systemic linguistics. In the first part of the article we considered differences in understanding the object, subject and method in Russian and foreign cognitive linguistics, leading to the loss of the international nature of linguistics, discussion of extremely painful issues for the Russian cognitive science about the cognitive futility of the term concept and the application of the cognitive approach in the study of discourse and text, violation of the continuity between the highest achievements of Russian and foreign scientific thought and the popular modern areas of linguistic research. Further in the article, the standpoint of a systemic typology is applied to the active processes of modern Russian speech. In the light of the approach taken, the facts that seem disparate from the standpoint of the culture of speech, from the standpoint of the systemic typology of languages, appear interconnected and determined by a general tendency - the deformation of the morphological type of the Russian language in the direction of the destruction of inflectivity. The result of the observed typological changes is the reduction in the possibility transfer highly intellectual meanings. An explanation of the principles of the organization of poetic speech in relation to the systemic typology of languages is an example how successfully S.Yu. Preobrazhensky applied the theory of the founder of modern systemic linguistics in the field which is far from interests of G.P. Melnikov. If the coincidence of the boundaries of the verse with the boundaries of the phrase within the sentence means the prevalence of the natural, that is, characteristic of the type of natural language in which the poem is written, principle of division, then the mismatch of boundaries speaks of a poetic technique that seeks to emphasize that the poetic statement is called upon to perform special communicative tasks leading to reconfiguring poetic syntax to other types of languages. The prospects of updating the systemic approach in modern semantic studies of grammar and vocabulary are discussed in the fourth and final part. The obtained results, which are set out in the article become the evidence base of the high potential for using the achievements of systemic linguistics in modern research practices.

Joan Costa

Comprender implica combinar dos actitudes: la primera librarse de prejuicios; la segunda, atender a los hechos, observar y experimentar con ellos. Un método sencillo para comprender el DirCom será comparándolo con otras disciplinas que en general son tomadas como referencia.

Elizabeth Robar

V. Harchenko

The possible aspects of applied research relevant to the needs of today are revealed: ritual and museum, hospital and theater, household and professional. For teachers of humanities, as well as for students and undergraduates studying under the programs " Russian Literature. Applied linguistics", " Pedagogical education. Language education", as an additional source of material. It may be useful for all fans of the Russian language.

Elena S. Milkevich

Cognitive linguistics combines knowledge of different sciences, such as philosophy, linguistics, psychology, neuroscience, anthropology, mathematical statistics and others. Therefore, cognitive linguistics uses specific methods and types of analyses. Among them is the method of corpus analysis, which is widely used in cognitive research. The Master Degree Programme “Digital technologies in philology. Computer linguistics” at Southern Federal University, Russia, Rostov-on-Don, aims at enabling students to master modern methods and other tools applicable in cognitive research. The teaching process covers several stages. They are: critical analysis of published corpus analysis research, working out the algorithm of conducting the corpus research, practical application of the corpus method, reading widely papers on cognitive linguistics when coming across some tricky points, arguing basic propositions of cognitive linguistics used in the research.

G. Khan

F. Solleveld

ABSTRACT Karl Richard Lepsius (1810–1884) is mainly remembered as a founder of Egyptology. However, the largest share of his published work was about linguistics and philology, going from the decipherment and comparison of ancient writing systems to the classification of African languages. This article explores his linguistic work and the tensions within it: between different areas of expertise, between theory and observation, and between the study of languages with high and low philological prestige. In particular it focuses on his fieldwork in the Nile region in 1844, his design for a phonetic Standard Alphabet, and the hypothesis of a ‘Hamitic’ language family that connected Egyptian, Coptic, and Ethiopian with Berber as well as Khoisan languages.

M. Georgieva, I. Iliev

This collection is dedicated to the role of language as an instrument of expression in the sphere of law (in its various aspects) and politics, including political journalism, also at places touching history, religion, the problems of minorities and their integration in society. It is made up of 17 articles, written in German, English and Russian, dealing with the legal discourse, political language, problems in translating and interpreting, and linguistics and conflict.The articles were presented at an international scholarly conference held in February 2017 at the Institute of Slavic Studies at Dresden University of Technology. The conference was organized by Martin Henzelmann, and the goal was to focus on new linguistic challenges in law, history, politics, comparative studies, translation, interpretation, and managing of conflicts. An alumnus of the same university is the above-mentioned editor of the collection, Martin Henzelmann, a PhD holder in Slavonic philology and a Master in Romance studies, who currently works as a research assistant at the Institute of Slavic Studies at the University of Hamburg. The collection is addressed to linguists—especially Slavists and researchers of the history of language, legal language in Slavic speaking countries and interpreting. The authors of the articles highlight current trends and problems in diverse areas: the recent conflict in Ukraine, legal terminology in Slovenia, Poland, Russia, and in the EU, the history of the Macedonian Standard Language, Turkish as a Minority Language in Bulgarian education, etc. After the editorial, in which the book’s editor gives a short presentation of its conception, five thematic sections come, serving to group together the rest of the articles included in the collection: 1. Legal Discourse and Legal Language at Past and at Present; 2. Historical Aspects of Linguistics as a Mirror of Political and Social Tendencies; 3. Linguistics between Political Routine and Language Acquisition; 4. Problems in Translation and Interpreting; 5. Linguistic Conceptualization of Conflicts. The first of the sections mentioned starts with a paper by Alenka Kocbek from Koper, Slovenia, entitled “The Power of Legal Language—Legal Language as an Instrument of Power” (pp. 15–33) and is dedicated to the essence and the main features of legal [r ec en ze ] O PERA SVICA [XXX /020 /2 ]

Alfian Candra Ayuswantana, Agus Sachari, Irfansyah Irfansyah

Abstrak Wayang Jekdong hidup dan berkembang dalam konteks sosial-budaya Arek yang sangat khas. Budaya Arek sebagai sub-budaya Jawa Timur menyebar dari pantai utara Jawa Timur ke pedalaman sepanjang aliran sungai Brantas menyebabkan pengaruh nilai-nilai Islam kental terasa pada budaya Arek. Nilai-nilai Islam yang kuat salah satunya dapat dilihat dalam wayang boneka Jekdong sebagai artefak budaya masyarakat budaya Arek. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pengamatan visual pada boneka Jekdong yang mewakili nilai-nilai Islam melalui bentuk boneka. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan pendekatan etnografi melalui proses analisis komponen visual Spradley dalam wayang Jekdong yang didukung oleh teori semiotika dyadic Saussure-Barthes. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh nilai-nilai Islam yang diwakili dalam bentuk boneka wayang Jekdong terutama pada tokoh Dewa (dewa atau dewa tertinggi) dan Resi (pertapa). Bentuk budaya Arek sebagai komunitas Islam pesisir sangat jelas terlihat terutama pada atribut pakaian yang ditampilkan seperti keberadaan turban putih, khaftan, qamis, dan sepatu Persia. Diharapkan dengan penelitian ini dapat memberikan kontribusi ilmiah tentang wayang golek Jekdong dalam sudut pandang ilmiah seni di provinsi Jawa Timur khususnya.   Kata Kunci: budaya Arek, busana, wayang Jekdong, Islam pesisir   Abstract The Jekdong puppets lives and develops in a very distinctive Arek socio-cultural context. The Arek culture as East Java sub-culture spreads from the north coast of East Java to the depths along with the Brantas river flow causing the influence of Islamic values upon the Arek Culture. Strong Islamic values, one of them can be seen within Jekdong puppets as a cultural artifact of the Arek society. This research focuses on visual observations on Jekdong puppets that represent Islamic values through the form of puppets. Observations performed with an ethnographic approach through a process of Spradley's visual components analyzing in Jekdong puppets and supported by the dyadic semiotics theory of Saussure-Barthes. The results of the analysis show that there are influences of Islamic values that represented in the form of Jekdong puppets, especially in Dewa (deity or supreme being) and Resi (hermits or saints) figures. The form of Arek culture as an Islamic coastal community is very clearly visible, especially in the fashion attributes that displayed such as the existence of white turban, Kaftan, Qamis, and Persian shoes. It expected that this research could provide scientific contributions about the Jekdong puppet show puppet in the scientific viewpoint of art, particularly in East Java province.   Keywords: Arek culture, coastal Islam, fashion, Jekdong puppet

Fahreta Fijuljanin, Samina Dazdarevic, Amela Lukač-Zoranić

The paper examines the influence of modern linguistics and the consequences of language reflection on both English language and global philology. A comparative analysis of preferences and lacks of traditional and modern linguistics represent a common view of the progress and the needs of the language. The paper aims to highlight several recent studies of modern linguists in the field of English linguistics such as Chomsky, Sapir, Halliday and Bloomfield as the representative of English speaking grammarians. Modern linguistics, as a set of different variations, raises the question of how and why language changes over time. It possibly may represent the basis for research on contemporary linguistics as a turning point for language change in the future, as well as the impact of society on language, change and universals.

S. Vorkachev, E. A. Vorkacheva

Jamie B. Turner

Elliott M. Hoey

This article focuses on the coordination of speaking and drinking. Because physiological constraints largely preclude speaking and drinking concurrently, participants must balance their engagement in one with the other. I focus on environments in which a currently drinking participant is selected to speak next, since this requires the participant to manage the conflict between drinking now and speaking next. Participants are shown either upholding the progressive development of drinking and talk-in-interaction in parallel, or adjusting the trajectory of drinking to engage in talk-in-interaction. These orientations to the practical incompatibility between drinking and speaking reveal participants’ sensitivities to action modality.

Auste Valinciute

This study analyzes the extent, range and nature of science communication scholarship in Lithuania. The purpose of this study is to explore whether there is a presence of this research field in the Lithuanian academic context and if there exists a body of empirical evidence that can be used to inform practical science communication initiatives. More generally, this study asks: is there a science of science communication in Lithuania? Results indicate the presence of an emerging field of research with fragmented scientific activity. Most papers do not explicitly identify “science communication” as the object of study. Most of the relevant work is focused on audience research, indicating the potential for using the results for evidence-based science communication practice. The science of science communication in Lithuanian, however, has yet considerable room for growth and could benefit from more large-scale, nationally representative, data-driven and methodologically sound research.