Hasil untuk "Other systems of medicine"

Saphia Shariff, Ebony Mundy, Rayna Hutcherson et al.

ABSTRACT Suicide rates among Black women and girls have been rising, with depression being a major precursor to suicide attempts. Implementing evidence‐based treatments for depression could significantly help in reducing these suicide rates. As such, the aim of the study was to review treatment effects of depression intervention on young Black girls and women (YBGW) across treatment settings. Studies that used Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) to reduce depressive symptomatology in Black girls and women ages 12–29 were eligible for inclusion. Following the review of 715 abstracts and 68 full‐text articles, 12 studies were ultimately selected. The RCT articles were then organized into four categories based on the intervention methods used in the study. Notably, only two studies specifically targeted YBGW, and only one provided treatment effect sizes for this group. The remaining RCTs did not include data specific to YBGW, limiting the ability to draw robust conclusions regarding treatment effects on depression. Despite these limitation, the study highlights the critical need for targeted depression interventions to address the rising suicide rates among Black women and girls.

Sinvalda Duda do Nascimento, Maria de Fátima Rodrigues

As prescrições médicas conferem fundamental relevância e são de interesse público, além disso, a prescrição médica é um dos documentos mais indispensáveis quando se trata da atenção à saúde do paciente e tem como principais objetivos ajudar a reduzir a dor e o sofrimento do indivíduo. Contudo, na atualidade, o que se observa é o grande número de prescrições ilegíveis, como também a ausência de informações nas mesmas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar a ilegibilidade e ausência de informações nas prescrições de medicamentos psicotrópicos em uma farmácia central no interior de Pernambuco. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, cujos dados foram coletados a partir das prescrições médicas de psicotrópicos dispensados em uma farmácia central no interior de Pernambuco, entre os meses de janeiro a junho de 2024, totalizando seis meses de estudo. Ao todo, foram analisadas 993 prescrições médicas, das quais 101 encontravam-se ilegíveis e 892 legíveis. Apresentavam ausência da data (78,4%); estavam com rasuras (1,51%); não apresentavam duração do tratamento (99,10%); não continham a quantidade de medicamentos a serem dispensados para o tratamento (3,32%). Portanto, a prescrição é um elo entre o médico, o paciente e o farmacêutico, para isso a mesma deve se apresentar de forma legível e sem ausência de informações.

Agapiti H. Chuwa, David H. Mvunta, David H. Mvunta

Survivin belongs to the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family and is encoded by the baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing, or BIRC5, gene. It is preferentially expressed in cancers with functional complexity in cell signaling cascades such as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), heat shock protein-90 (HSP90), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and others. Survivin plays a role in cell division and cell death, properties that have attracted a large body of research to decipher its therapeutic and prognostic significance in cancer. Survivin has tumor-promoting effects in endometrial (EC) and ovarian (OC) cancers, and its upregulation in endometrial cancer has been associated with poor overall survival (OS). While survivin protein is abundantly expressed in OC, it is barely detectable in normal ovarian tissue or benign ovarian tumors. Survivin expression is also a marker for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and high-risk human papillomavirus, and a predictor of viral clearance and prognosis in uterine cervical cancer (UCC). Furthermore, nuclear survivin expression is very low in normal vulvar squamous epithelium and increases to become abundant in vulvar invasive squamous cell carcinoma (ISCC), conferring resistance to apoptosis in vulvar carcinogenesis. In this review, we discuss in detail the impact of survivin signaling on gynecological cancers and provide insight on its therapeutic and diagnostic potential, existing research gaps, and areas for future research.

Beverlin Rosario-Williams, Regina Miranda

Background: Studies using tasks that measure suicide-specific attentional biases have not specified which attentional processes are related to risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. This study distinguished suicide-specific engagement and disengagement biases from other forms of cognitive processing and investigated under which affective conditions suicide-specific biases emerged. Method: An ethnoracially and socioeconomically diverse sample of 153 young adults (87 % female; 52 % Non-Hispanic White), ages 18–34, with moderate-to-high symptoms of anxiety, depression, or recent suicide ideation were randomly assigned to experience positive, negative, or neutral affect, completed cognitive tasks of attention, construct accessibility, and threat bias, and self-report measures. Results: Individuals with recent ideation displayed facilitated disengagement from suicide-specific stimuli irrespective of affective state. Those with distal ideation showed slower disengagement from suicide-specific stimuli in the sad condition only. Conclusions: Individuals with recent suicide ideation display automatic processing of suicide-related information, perhaps due to recent rehearsal of suicide-related content. In contrast, individuals with distal ideation experiencing negative affect appear to have difficulty disengaging attention from suicide-related content. Limits to generalizability of the findings include a predominantly female sample, although the sample’s racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic diversity increase generality of the research.

Ahmad Shafaat Ahsen, Celine Morshed, Hanan Hashem et al.

Identified as a human need, belonging is severely under-studied among Muslim American emerging adults. During this transitional period, Muslim American emerging adults must also grapple with experiences of discrimination and ostracization, which may increase the likelihood of substance use as a coping mechanism. Due to the experiences of marginalization, combined with the taboo nature of substance use in religious and cultural contexts, Muslim American young adults may be at an increased risk for negative mental health outcomes compared to their non-Muslim peers. Therefore, it is important to identify predictors of substance use in Muslim American young adults to provide culturally relevant and responsive prevention and intervention measures. Our study surveyed 183 Muslim American young adults using snowball sampling to collect data on substance use and belonging experiences. Findings from the study provide evidence of moderate substance use among Muslim American young adults, with nearly half of the sample reporting lifetime use. Results from a binary logistic regression indicate that young American Muslims with higher rates of belonging to the Muslim community are less likely to report using substances compared to young Muslims with lower rates of belonging to the Muslim community.

LI Chenxi, GONG Zhongcheng, ZHAO Huarong, LIU Ying

The treatment of head and neck cancer is dominated by surgery and radiochemotherapy. For elderly patients, however, the rationality of invasive treatment is questioned in clinical practice. Although the proportion of geriatric patients with head and neck cancer is increasing, there are few consistent standards in the literature and guidelines. From the perspective of evidence-based medicine, this paper presents current evidence for treatment so as to provide specific recommendations for treating head and neck cancer in the elderly. Furthermore, based on a systematic literature review, a clinical algorithm is proposed to evaluate the treatment risk of elderly patients with head and neck cancer.

Musick DW, Mutcheson RB, Trinkle DB

David W Musick,1 R Brock Mutcheson,2 David B Trinkle2 1Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA; 2Department of Health System and Implementation Sciences, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USACorrespondence: David W Musick, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA, Tel +1 540 526-2566, Fax +1 540 581-0741, Email dwmusick@vt.eduBackground and Purpose: Health system science (HSS) has been described as the third pillar of medical education. We introduced a new health system science and interprofessional practice (HSSIP) curriculum, and measured students’ HSS knowledge and attitudes concerning health system citizenship.Methods: This pilot study involved first-year (M1) and fourth-year (M4) medical students in two cohorts across 2 years. Only M1 students in the second cohort participated in the new HSSIP curriculum. We compared student performance on a new National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) HSS subject exam, and student attitudes toward system citizenship via a new attitudinal survey.Results: Fifty-six eligible fourth-year students (68%) and 70 (76%) study eligible first-year students participated in the study. NBME HSS exam performance by M4 students was statistically significantly higher than M1 students for both cohorts, with moderate to large effect sizes. Exam performance for M1 students not experiencing the HSS curriculum was higher than for M1 students who received HSS curricular content. Attitudes toward HSS by M4 versus M1 students were statistically significantly different on several survey items with moderate effect sizes. Scale internal consistency for the HSS attitude survey was strong (0.83 or higher).Discussion: There were differences among M4 and M1 medical students concerning knowledge of and attitudes toward HSS, with performance on the NBME subject exam similar to a national sample. Exam performance by M1 students was likely impacted by class size and other factors. Our results support the need for increased attention to HSS during medical education. Our health system citizenship survey has potential for further development and cross-institutional collaboration.Keywords: health systems science, medical education

Madeleine Héger, Pierre Noiset, Kiatoko Nkoba et al.

Abstract Background Stingless bee honey (SBH) is a natural remedy and therapeutic agent traditionally used by local communities across the (sub-)tropics. Forest SBH represents a prime non-timber forest product (NTFP) with a potential to revitalize indigenous foodways and to generate income in rural areas, yet it is also used in a variety of non-food contexts that are poorly documented in sub-Saharan Africa and that collectively represent a significant part of the local traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) passed on across generations. Documenting TEK of local communities in African tropical forests facing global change is a pressing issue to recognize the value of their insights, to evaluate their sustainability, to determine how they contribute to enhancing conservation efforts, and how TEK generally contributes to the well-being of both the natural environment and the communities that rely on it. This is particularly important to achieve in Kenya’s only tropical rainforest at Kakamega where SBH production and non-food uses have evolved and diversified to a remarkable extent. Methods We used ethnographic techniques and methods, including semi-structured questionnaires and recorded interviews. We used snowball sampling, a non-probability sampling method where new interviewees were recruited by other respondents, to collectively form a sample consisting of 36 interviewees (including only one woman). Results Our results indicate that local communities in Kakamega were able to discriminate between six different and scientifically recognized stingless bee species, and they provided detailed accounts on the species-specific non-food uses of these SBH. Collectively, we recorded an array of 26 different non-food uses that are all passed on orally across generations in the Kakamega community. Conclusion Our results uncover the vast and hitherto unexpected diversity of TEK associated with SBH and pave the way for a systematic survey of SBH and their non-food uses across a network of communities in different environments and with different cultural backgrounds in the Afrotropics. This, along with parallel and more in-depth investigations into honey chemistry, will help develop a comprehensive understanding of SBH, offering insights into holistic ecosystem management, resilience and adaptation while in the mid- to long-term promoting cross-cultural exchanges and pathways for the revitalization of cultural practices and traditions.

Zohreh Mousavi-Kashi, Abolfazl Movafagh, Zohreh Mohsenikabir

سابقه و هدف: فرهنگ معنوی که دربردارندۀ ارزش‌ها و هنجارهای اخلاقی است، همراه با مسئولیت کارکنان درمان نقش مؤثري در بهبود و بازگشت سلامتی بیماران دارد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر تأثیر فرهنگ‌ معنوی بر مسئولیت اجتماعی با نقش میانجی سرمایۀ اجتماعی در بیمارستان‌های دولتی شهر تهران بود. روش کار: این پژوهش بر حسب هدف کاربردی و از نظر روش گردآوری داده‌ها توصیفی-پیمایشی است. جامعۀ آماری تمامی کارکنان بیمارستان‌های وابسته به دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران بود که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 384 نفر نمونۀ دردسترس انتخاب شدند. به‌منظور گردآوری اطلاعات از پرسش‌نامه‌های استاندارد مسئولیت اجتماعی کارول، سرمایۀ اجتماعی سازمانی ناهاپیت و گوشال و پرسش‌نامۀ محقق‌ساختۀ فرهنگ معنوی استفاده شد. برای سنجش پایایی و روایی پرسش‌نامه‌ها از روش آلفای کرونباخ و روايي محتوا از طریق روش دلفی استفاده شد که برای این منظور پرسش‌نامه­ها به تأیید متخصصان مربوط به آن رسید. تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات به‌دست‌آمده در دو بخش توصیفی و استنباطی (آزمون کولموگروف-اسمیرنف، آزمون همبستگی پیرسون و آزمون رگرسیون چندگانه) انجام شد. در این پژوهش همۀ موارد اخلاقی رعایت شده است و مؤلفان مقاله تضاد منافعی گزارش نکرده‌اند. یافته‌ها: بر اساس نتایج تحلیل عاملی، بارهای عاملی عوامل تشکیل‌دهنده بزرگ‌تر از 4/0 و اعداد معنی‌داری آنها بزرگ‌تر از 96/1 بود که تأیید می‌شود. میزان میانگین واریانس استخراج‌شده نیز باید بزرگ‌تر از 4/0 باشد که با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده همگی بالای 4/0 و نشان‌دهندۀ معنی‌داری بود. با توجه به آماره‌های T به‌دست‌آمده، هر سه فرضیۀ پژوهش در مقدار P 99 درصد پذیرفته شد. نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد كه فرهنگ‌ معنوی با مسئولیت اجتماعی با نقش میانجی‌گری سرمایۀ اجتماعی رابطۀ مثبت، معني‌دار و مستقیم داشت. فرهنگ معنوی موجب می‌شود که مسئولیت‌پذیری در قبال وظایف بیشتر شود و به‌نوعی توجه به ارزش‌های جامعه و اخلاق‌مداری فرهنگی جامعه و مسئولیت‌پذیری اجتماعی اهمیت پیدا کند که این امر بر رشد و توسعۀ فعالیت‌های بیمارستان‌های دولتی شهر تهران تأثیر می‌گذارد. ازاین‌رو، پیشنهاد می‌شود بیمارستان‌ها برای ایجاد بستر مناسب از برنامه‌های مؤثر از‌جمله آموزش جهت تقویت فرهنگ معنوی کارکنان استفاده کنند.

Mihret Ayalew, Azmeraw Bekele, Mestayet Geta Mengistie et al.

Abstract Introduction The use of traditional medicinal plants in the management of diarrhea has long been practiced in Ethiopia. B. abyssinica fresen is one of the plants traditionally used to treat diarrhea whereas an in vivo study had not yet been conducted. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of crude extract and solvent fractions of the leaf of B. abyssinica in mice. Methods Cold maceration within 80% methanol was used to extract the leaf powder and extract of the leaf was fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform, and distilled water. The in vivo antidiarrheal activity of crude extracts and solvent fractions were tested in experimental models of castor oil-induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and antimotility test. Five groups each with 6 mice were used under the three antidiarrheal models. Positive controls were treated with loperamide 3 mg/kg and atropine 5 mg/kg and 2% tween 80 was used in the treatment of negative controls. The extract and solvent fractions were administered at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. Time of onset of diarrhea, number and weight of total and wet feces, the percent reduction in the number of wet feces, weight and volume of intestinal contents, and percent inhibition of intestinal motility were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Result Defecation of castor oil-induced diarrheal or loose stools was inhibited (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001) at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of crude extract and aqueous fraction. The crude extract and the aqueous fraction at three doses (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001), the chloroform fraction at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001), and the n-hexane fraction at 400 mg/kg (p < 0.05) reduced intraluminal fluid accumulation compared with the negative control. Castor oil-induced intestinal motility was significantly suppressed with the three-doses of aqueous fraction (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001), 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of crude extract (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01), 400 mg/kg of chloroform and n-hexane (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001) compared with negative control. Conclusion The crude extract, aqueous, and chloroform fractions of B. abyyssinica leaves have promising anti-diarrheal effects, supporting the plant's traditional use to treat diarrhea.

Yang Dong, Lin Hao, Kun Fang et al.

Abstract Background Solanum nigrum L. decoction has been used as a folklore medicine in China to prevent the postoperative recurrence of bladder cancer (BC). However, there are no previous pharmacological studies on the protective mechanisms of this activity of the plant. Thus, this study aimed to perform a systematic analysis and to predict the potential action mechanisms underlying S. nigrum activity in BC based on network pharmacology. Methods Based on network pharmacology, the active ingredients of S. nigrum and the corresponding targets were identified using the Traditional Chinese Medicines for Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform database, and BC-related genes were screened using GeneCards and the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database. In addition, ingredient-target (I–T) and protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed using STRING and Cytoscape, Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were conducted, and then the pathways directly related to BC were integrated manually to reveal the pharmacological mechanism underlying S. nigrum-medicated therapeutic effects in BC. Results Seven active herbal ingredients from 39 components of S. nigrum were identified, which shared 77 common target genes related to BC. I-T network analysis revealed that quercetin was associated with all targets and that NCOA2 was targeted by four ingredients. Besides, interleukin 6 had the highest degree value in the PPI network, indicating a hub role. A subsequent gene enrichment analysis yielded 86 significant GO terms and 89 significant pathways, implying that S. nigrum had therapeutic benefits in BC through multi-pathway effects, including the HIF-1, TNF, P53, MAPK, PI3K/Akt, apoptosis and bladder cancer pathway. Conclusions S. nigrum may mediate pharmacological effects in BC through multi-target and various signaling pathways. Further validation is required experimentally. Network pharmacology approach provides a predicative novel strategy to reveal the holistic mechanism of action of herbs.

Systla Rukmini, Paulomi M. Sudhir, Adhin Bhaskar et al.

Background: Process research aims to identify mediators of therapy which can help increase the efficacy and optimization of therapy. The present study examined the role of estimated social cost, perceived social self-efficacy and perceived emotional control as potential mediators in Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) and Exposure Therapy (EXP) in individuals with social anxiety disorder. Methods: Fifty adults with a primary diagnosis of social anxiety disorder (SAD) were recruited from a tertiary treatment center and randomly assigned to receive either CBT (N=25) or EXP (N=25).Levels of social anxiety, estimated social cost, perceived social self-efficacy, and perceived emotional control were assessed at the beginning of each session. Multilevel modeling was used to estimate the effects of the above variables on social anxiety and examine differences between the two groups. Results: Changes in perceived social self-efficacy and estimated social cost predicted changes in social anxiety. Perceived emotional control was not a significant predictor of changes in social anxiety. There were no significant differences between the two groups. Limitations: The study has a small sample size, and there is a lack of adequate follow-up data. A single therapist delivered both interventions, which could limit external validity. Conclusions: Perceived social self-efficacy and estimated social cost emerged as mediators of both CBT and EXP. The two interventions had common meditational pathways, and there was an interactive bi-directional relationship between social anxiety and the studied mediators.

Laura K. Case PhD, Paula Jackson BSJ, Revere Kinkel MD et al.

Multiple sclerosis is a disabling and progressive neurological disease that has significant negative effects on health-related quality of life. This exploratory efficacy study examined the effects of Healing Light Guided Imagery (HLGI), a novel variant of guided imagery, compared with a wait-list control in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Changes in the Beck Depression Inventory, Fatigue Severity Scale, and Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life instrument (physical and mental components) were compared between groups. Patients who completed HLGI (N = 9) showed significant reductions in depressed mood ( P < .05) and fatigue ( P < .01) and showed significant gains in physical ( P = .01) and mental ( P < .01) quality of life compared with journaling (N = 8). Our results suggest that HLGI can improve self-reported physical and mental well-being in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Further research is needed to study the effectiveness of this therapy, as well as its mind-body mechanisms of action.

SOUMIK CHATTERJEE

With what outlook should one construct, analyze or dissect film theory? Should one view cinema as a medium of mass communication? Propaganda? Entertainment? Art? Or should cinema be considered a concoction of them all? In trying to formulate a film theory, dealing with all these elementary characteristics of cinema poses a serious problem. Gaston Roberge notes that – A theory of movies would tell us what a movie is, what it is made for, how it is created in images and sounds, and for whom it is made1. The questions respectively deal with the content of a movie, the validity of the content in terms of the prevailing socio-political circumstances, the form of the movie and the target audience of the movie. Now, obviously, it is required for Indian cinema to be able to provide at least a level of generalization in answering the aforementioned questions to be considered to have a theory of its own. The purpose of this article would be to investigate whether or not such a generalization (subsequently, a film theory) is possible for Indian cinema, and then to delve further to find out how much of that theory is rooted in our original outlook toward audio-visual art. Now obviously the span of one article does not allow analysis of every type of cinema produced in as cinema-crazy a country as ours, where almost every state has its own regional cinema, independent cinema, art-house cinema and recently, underground cinema. For the purpose of the present article, therefore, we would restrict ourselves to the popular Indian cinema, namely Bollywood productions that some critics coin as commercial or entertainment cinema

Rosa Maria Godoy Serpa da Fonseca

Tatyana Ataíde Melo de Pinho, Antonia Oliveira Silva, Luiz Fernando Rangel Tura et al.

A população mundial vem envelhecendo de forma abrupta, o que representa um grande desafio para os órgãos competentes que, por sua vez, necessitam de novas políticas públicas de saúde, inclusive na prevenção de quedas. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o risco de quedas em idosos. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico de corte transversal com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em uma unidade de saúde da família. A amostra foi composta por 150 idosos avaliados de janeiro a abril de 2009. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se o Fall Risk Score, que foi analisado através do SPSS 17.0. Dos idosos avaliados 58,8% não sofreram quedas, sendo que, dos idosos que caíram (63 idosos), 71,4% sofreram de 1 a 2 quedas, citando como principal causa intrínseca a tontura/vertigem, enquanto que a extrínseca foi pisos escorregadios ou molhados. Conclui-se, portanto, que é de grande relevância avaliar o risco de quedas em idosos, para que se medidas preventivas sejam tomadas, com o objetivo de maximizar a qualidade de vida.

Natalúcia Matos Araújo, Natália Rejane Salim, Dulce Maria Rosa Gualda et al.

Estudo etnográfico que teve como objetivo compreender como as gestantes vivenciam os processos fisiológicos do seu corpo durante a gestação e a sua repercussão na sexualidade. A pesquisa envolveu sete mulheres residentes em bairro popular de São Paulo. Na coleta de dados, utilizou-se observação participante e entrevista com questões norteadoras. Os dados foram apresentados na forma de narrativa e posteriormente organizados nas categorias: Percebendo as transformações corporais; Convivendo com as mudanças no corpo; Sentimentos e sensações na vida sexual durante a gestação e imaginando o corpo e a sexualidade após a gestação. As mulheres referiram-se às transformações do corpo como desconfortos e expressaram a preocupação de que fossem definitivas. Expressaram o desejo de que, após o parto, o corpo volte a ser como era e que volte a sentir desejo sexual. O reconhecimento destes fatos constitui-se numa ferramenta primordial na adequação das práticas profissionais.

Berat Meryem Alkan, Fatma Fidan, Aliye Tosun et al.

Aim: Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized with decreased bone mass and microarchtitectural deterioration of bone tissue which increases bone fragility and fracture risk. Osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures constitute an important health problem in general population. This study aimed to determine the incidence of osteoporosis, chronic diseases accompanying osteoporosis and incidence of falls in male and female patients admitted to our out patient clinics retrospectively. Material and Methods: Patient records of the 11624 patients admitted to Ankara Atatürk Education and Research Hospital Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Outpatient clinics between January 2010 and July 2010 were retrospectively reviewed and 644 patients diagnosed as osteoporosis according to femoral neck and/or lumbar dual energy x ray absoptiometry measurements were included in the study. Ages of the patients, sexes, chronic ilnesses, musculoskeletal sytem complaints and fall histories were also recorded. Results: The incidence of osteoporosis was found to be 7.61% in female patients and it was determined that incidence was 5-fold increased in women than in men. Besides, chronic ilnesses and fall history were accompanying in higher ratios in osteoporotic patients. Conclusion: Heart diseases, hypertension, diabetes, neurological diseases leading to impairment in balance and musculoskelatal system complaints were quite frequent in patients with osteoporosis and these diseases should be taken seriously since they increase the risk of falling. It is important to avoid using drugs which lead to balance impairment, to use walk aids like canes or walkers, to perform exercises including balance and coordination training and endurance exercises in order to prevent falls. (Turkish Journal of Osteoporosis 2011;17:10-3)

Polus Barbara I, Kimpton Amanda J, Walsh Max J

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The objective was to assess the use of the Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile (MYMOP2) and W-BQ12 well-being questionnaire for measuring clinical change associated with a course of chiropractic treatment.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Chiropractic care of the patients involved spinal manipulative therapy (SMT), mechanically assisted techniques, soft tissue therapy, and physiological therapeutic devices.</p> <p>Outcome measures used were MYMOP2 and the Well-Being Questionnaire 12 (W-BQ12).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Statistical and clinical significant changes were demonstrated with W-BQ12 and MYMOP2.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The study demonstrated that MYMOP2 was responsive to change and may be a useful instrument for assessing clinical changes among chiropractic patients who present with a variety of symptoms and clinical conditions.</p>

Gerald M. Higa

Numerous clinical trials support the biological relevance of the HER2 oncoprotein in breast cancer. In spite of improved outcomes, overexpression of the receptor is associated with increased risks of disease relapse, even in patients with early, and potentially curable, disease. Until recently, development of resistance to trastuzumab left patients with no therapeutic option other than specifically targeted HER2. This paper provides an in-depth review of lapatinib, a dual HER kinase inhibitor, as well as some insight into three HER family members, in breast cancer.