Hasil untuk "Land use"

GU L.B.

N. Joshi, Matthias Baumann, A. Ehammer et al.

The wealth of complementary data available from remote sensing missions can hugely aid efforts towards accurately determining land use and quantifying subtle changes in land use management or intensity. This study reviewed 112 studies on fusing optical and radar data, which offer unique spectral and structural information, for land cover and use assessments. Contrary to our expectations, only 50 studies specifically addressed land use, and five assessed land use changes, while the majority addressed land cover. The advantages of fusion for land use analysis were assessed in 32 studies, and a large majority (28 studies) concluded that fusion improved results compared to using single data sources. Study sites were small, frequently 300–3000 km 2 or individual plots, with a lack of comparison of results and accuracies across sites. Although a variety of fusion techniques were used, pre-classification fusion followed by pixel-level inputs in traditional classification algorithms (e.g., Gaussian maximum likelihood classification) was common, but often without a concrete rationale on the applicability of the method to the land use theme being studied. Progress in this field of research requires the development of robust techniques of fusion to map the intricacies of land uses and changes therein and systematic procedures to assess the benefits of fusion over larger spatial scales.

Yang Zhou, Xunhuan Li, Yan-sui Liu

Abstract Cultivated land protection is an important way to ensure food security, social stability and sustainable development. As one of the main causes of cultivated land loss, the spatio-temporal pattern of illegal cultivated land use and driving forces have not been systematically investigated. This study first reviewed the evolution of China’s cultivated land protection policy in the past four decades, then used spatial analysis technology to explore the spatio-temporal patterns of China’s illegal cultivated land use, and finally applied an econometric model to assess the impact of population growth, economic development and rising housing prices on illegal cultivated land use at the national and regional levels based on the balanced provincial panel data from 1999 to 2017. The results show that in the past 40 years, China has attached great importance to the protection of cultivated land, and established a relatively perfect cultivated land protection system. The quantity of cultivated land in China kept a dynamic balance on the whole, but the quality of cultivated land has dropped sharply, and regional human-land conflicts has become prominent. The driving forces of cultivated land loss in China varied across regions. Illegal use of cultivated land was also one of the important driving forces of cultivated land reduction in China. The number of illegal land use cases and the area appropriated have experienced a process of first increase and then decrease over the past two decades. The accumulated cases and area of illegal farmland use in the eastern region were larger than that in the central and western regions, but both showed a rapid downward trend over the past two decades, demonstrating that the illegal use of cultivated land in eastern China has been controlled to a certain extent. Population growth and land urbanization have a significant positive impact on illegal cultivated land use area in China and its three regions, while economic development has not driven but curbed illegal land use. The rise of commercial housing prices has no significant impact on illegal farmland use in rural China. We proposed measures to further control the illegal use of cultivated land, and believed that it is necessary and urgent to stop illegal occupation of cultivated land from the source

K. Findell, A. Berg, P. Gentine et al.

Land surface processes modulate the severity of heat waves, droughts, and other extreme events. However, models show contrasting effects of land surface changes on extreme temperatures. Here, we use an earth system model from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory to investigate regional impacts of land use and land cover change on combined extremes of temperature and humidity, namely aridity and moist enthalpy, quantities central to human physiological experience of near-surface climate. The model’s near-surface temperature response to deforestation is consistent with recent observations, and conversion of mid-latitude natural forests to cropland and pastures is accompanied by an increase in the occurrence of hot-dry summers from once-in-a-decade to every 2–3 years. In the tropics, long time-scale oceanic variability precludes determination of how much of a small, but significant, increase in moist enthalpy throughout the year stems from the model’s novel representation of historical patterns of wood harvesting, shifting cultivation, and regrowth of secondary vegetation and how much is forced by internal variability within the tropical oceans. Land use and land cover change has led to more frequent hot, dry summers in parts of the mid-latitudes. Here the authors use an Earth system model to show that regions converted to crops and pastures experience hot, dry summers 2 to 4 times more frequently than they would if native forests had remained.

Jie Gao, Feng Li, Hui Gao et al.

Jiao Pan, Tao Chen, Antonio Plaza

Revealing the spatial-temporal evolution and interactions of ecosystem services (ESs) in mining area is critical for sustainable environmental management. The temporal and spatial characteristics and changing trends of six ESs in Yuzhong mining area from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed. Pearson correlation analysis explored and elucidated the intricate tradeoffs and synergies that manifest across diverse ecosystems. The integrated ecosystem service landscape index (IESLI) was constructed on this basis, and 8 factors (both natural and human) were selected to identify the driving forces. The findings indicated that: 1) Over the past two decades, five categories of ESs have exhibited a declining trend, with water yield experiencing the most significant reduction, reaching 38.7% . 2) Among the 15 ESs pairings, tradeoffs were predominantly negatively correlated. 3) The interaction between land use/land cover and precipitation (54.5% ) emerged as the primary driving force behind the spatial heterogeneity of ESs. 4) The IESLI showed a general downward trend, decreasing from 0.51 in 2005 to 0.44 in 2020. This study provides quantitative evidence of ecosystem degradation and the intricate interrelationships among ESs in mining landscapes, highlighting the critical role of coupled spatial models in uncovering underlying patterns and mechanisms. The findings offer a scientific foundation for ecological restoration and policy-making in mining regions.

Selma B. Pena

This study aims to assess the role of headwater systems (HS) in enhancing ecological connectivity and supporting Green Infrastructure in the Centre Region of Portugal. Specifically, it identifies restoration opportunity areas within HS by analysing land-use changes over the past 70 years, modelling land-use scenarios to promote ecological resilience, and evaluating connectivity between HS and Natura 2000 sites. The methodology integrates spatial analysis of historical land-use data with connectivity modelling using least-cost path approaches. Results show substantial transformation in HS areas, notably the expansion of eucalyptus plantations and a decline in agricultural land. Approximately 58% of the HS are identified as requiring restoration, including areas within the Natura 2000 network. The connectivity assessment reveals that HS can function as effective ecological corridors, contributing to improved water regulation, soil conservation, gene flow, and wildfire mitigation. A total of 61 potential ecological linkages between Natura 2000 sites were identified. These findings highlight the strategic importance of integrating HS into regional and national Green Infrastructure planning and supporting the implementation of the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030. The study recommends prioritising headwater restoration through multi-scale planning approaches and active involvement of local stakeholders to ensure sustainable land-use management.

Tomohiro Hirano, Joseph E. Stiglitz

This paper analyses the impact of credit expansions arising from decreases in collateral requirements or more expansionary monetary policies on long-term productivity in a model with endogenous growth. Credit expansions associated with relaxation of land collateral financing (capital collateral financing) will be productivity-and growth-retarding (enhancing). Without appropriate financial regulation, expansionary monetary policy may so encourage land speculation using leverage that productive capital investment is decreased; there is a temporary asset boom, but slower economic growth. The generation that experienced the asset price boom is better off, but subsequent generations are worse off because of low growth.

Mingzhi Xiao, Takara Sakai, Daisuke Murakami et al.

While tourism is widely regarded as a catalyst for economic and urban transformation, its effects on land prices remain contested. This study examines tourism and land prices using a panel of 1,724 Japanese municipalities from 2021 to 2024, with annual tourist arrivals as a proxy for tourism activity. Using mediation analysis and panel threshold regression, we show that sizable land price increases are concentrated in a small group of "superstar" cities, specifically those in the top 5.9 percent for tourist arrivals, while most municipalities experience little or no effect. The results highlight pronounced nonlinearities and spatial heterogeneity in tourism's economic impact across Japan. The potential mechanisms linking tourism to land price growth are mixed, with possible benefits for local residents as well as risks of increased burdens. These findings underscore the need for policies that promote inclusive growth and an equitable distribution of tourism-related gains.

K. Islam, M. Jashimuddin, B. Nath et al.

Abstract The degraded Chunati wildlife sanctuary (CWS) has undergone various land use changes since 1980s. In this study, land use changes of CWS were assessed from 2005 to 2015 by using Landsat TM and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS images. The ArcGIS v10.1 and ERDAS Imagine v14 were used to process satellite imageries and assessed quantitative data for land use change assessment of this study area. Maximum likelihood classification algorithm was used in order to derive supervised land use classification. It was found that about 256 ha of degraded forest area had been increased within 10 years (2005–2015) and the annual rate of change was 25.56%. Another 159 ha of naturally forested land had been changed to other land uses having an (−) annual rate of change of 15.88%. The overall supervised classification accuracy was found 92.16% for 2015, 86.15% for 2010, and 83.96% for 2005 with Kappa values of 0.89, 0.82, and 0.81 for 2015, 2010, and 2005, respectively and these were fairly satisfactory. The results of this study would be helpful to plan and implement important management decisions in order to conserve the rich biodiversity of Chunati wildlife sanctuary.

Jian Peng, Yan-xu Liu, Tianyi Li et al.

Jamison Pinheiro Ribeiro, Andréa Cristina Dorr, Carine Dalla Valle et al.

A cadeia produtiva do açaí, devido às suas propriedades altamente nutricionais, aos seus benefícios à saúde, ao seu grande valor cultural e potencial de comercialização, tem ganhado destaque no mercado nacional e internacional. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa consiste em mapear e caracterizar os agentes que compõem os elos dessa cadeia produtiva no município de Concórdia, estado do Pará. Este estudo caracteriza-se como qualitativo de cunho exploratório-descritivo, realizado através da coleta de dados por  meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os atores envolvidos na cadeia produtiva de açaí. Para a análise dos dados, foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os achados deste artigo evidenciam as interligaçoes entre os elos que compõem a cadeia produtiva dentro do município, destacando a participação dos(as) agricultores(as) familiares no processo de produção, os agentes envolvidos na etapa de distribuição da cadeia, em que os atravessadores possuem certa predominância, e, por fim, o elo de beneficiamento, cujos responsáveis são a cooperativa, as agroindústrias e os batedores artesanais, chegando até os consumidores finais. Diante disso, conclui-se neste estudo que a cadeia produtiva evidenciou como o ambiente institucional permeia o desenvolvimento das atividades econômicas, dentro da base de produção, distribuição e beneficiamento, estabelecendo, assim, relações entre todos os agentes envolvidos na cadeia produtiva do açaí.

Narumasa Tsutsumida, Akira Kato

Land cover classification faces persistent challenges with inter-investigator variability and salt-and-pepper noise. Although cloud platforms such as Google Earth Engine have made land cover classification more accessible, these issues persist, particularly when multiple investigators contribute to the process. This study developed a robust classification approach that integrates unsupervised clustering of investigator maps with a Bayesian inference framework using Dirichlet distributions. In this study, 44 investigators collected stratified reference samples across four land cover classes using point-based visual interpretation in Saitama City, Japan. We trained three different classifiers, Random Forests (RF), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Single hidden layer Feed-forward Neural Networks (SFNN), and enhanced the system by implementing unsupervised clustering (k-Means or k-Medoids) to group reliable maps based on entropy characteristics. The Bayesian framework, employing Dirichlet distributions for both likelihood and prior distributions, enables sequential probability updates while preserving probabilistic class assignments. The Bayesian inference from the SVM classification maps achieved the highest mean overall accuracy of 0.857 for Monte Carlo sampling from the referenced JAXA land use land cover map, improving upon the non-Bayesian SVM map (0.855, p < 0.001). Analysis revealed a strong correlation (r=0.710) between investigators' labeling quality and classification accuracy, suggesting that selecting high-quality investigator maps improves the robustness of fusion. The Interspersion and Juxtaposition Index (IJI) showed that fused maps from SVM-based maps selected by k-Means reduced salt-and-pepper noise (IJI: 56.652) compared to baseline maps (IJI: 69.867). Our approach demonstrates an effective approach for combining multiple land cover classifications.

Xin-Yi Tong, Runmin Dong, Xiao Xiang Zhu

Land cover information is indispensable for advancing the United Nations' sustainable development goals, and land cover mapping under a more detailed category system would significantly contribute to economic livelihood tracking and environmental degradation measurement. However, the substantial difficulty in acquiring fine-grained training data makes the implementation of this task particularly challenging. Here, we propose to combine fully labeled source domain and weakly labeled target domain for weakly supervised domain adaptation (WSDA). This is beneficial as the utilization of sparse and coarse weak labels can considerably alleviate the labor required for precise and detailed land cover annotation. Specifically, we introduce the Prototype-based pseudo-label Rectification and Expansion (PRE) approach, which leverages the prototypes (i.e., the class-wise feature centroids) as the bridge to connect sparse labels and global feature distributions. According to the feature distances to the prototypes, the confidence of pseudo-labels predicted in the unlabeled regions of the target domain is assessed. This confidence is then utilized to guide the dynamic expansion and rectification of pseudo-labels. Based on PRE, we carry out high categorical resolution land cover mapping for 10 cities in different regions around the world, severally using PlanetScope, Gaofen-1, and Sentinel-2 satellite images. In the study areas, we achieve cross-sensor, cross-category, and cross-continent WSDA, with the overall accuracy exceeding 80%. The promising results indicate that PRE is capable of reducing the dependency of land cover classification on high-quality annotations, thereby improving label efficiency. We expect our work to enable global fine-grained land cover mapping, which in turn promote Earth observation to provide more precise and thorough information for environmental monitoring.

Jatin Anand, A. Gosain, R. Khosa

Conflicts between increasing irrigated agricultural area, commercial crops, shifting cultivation and ever increasing domestic and industrial demand has already been a cause of tension in the society over water in the Ganga River Basin, India. For the development of sustainable water resource strategies, it is essential to establish interaction between landuse changes and local hydrology through proper assessment. Precisely, seeing how change in each LULC affects hydrologic regimes, or conversely evaluating which LULC shall be appropriate for the local hydrological regime can help decision makers to incorporate in the policy instruments. In this study, hydrologic regimes of the Ganga River basin have been assessed with landuse change. Catchment hydrologic responses were simulated using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Meteorological data from IMD of 0.25° × 0.25° spatial resolution were taken as the climate inputs. Simulated stream flow was compared at different gauge stations distributed across the Gang River and its tributaries. Urbanization has been the topmost contributor to the increase in surface runoff and water yield. While increased irrigation demands were the dominant contributor to the water consumption and also added to the increased evapotranspiration. This study can be important tool in quantifying the changes in hydrological components in response to changes made in landuse in especially basins undergoing rapid commercialization. This shall provide substantive information to the decision makers required to develop ameliorative strategies.

D. Munroe

M. Rahman, F. Tabassum, Md. Rasheduzzaman et al.

Wenliang Jian, Xiaoxiao Liu, Hao Liu et al.

Promoting the usage of sustainable commuting modes requires in-depth understanding about residents’ commuting mode choice behavior. This study presents an empirical study to investigate the relationship between the built environment and commuting mode choice using CLDS 2016 cross-city questionnaire data. Several multilevel multinomial logit models including the null model, base model, and moderating effect model are developed to analyze the effects of built environments at both city and neighborhood levels on commuting mode choice. Estimation results of the null model reveal the significant spatial heterogeneities in commuting mode choice across different cities and different neighborhoods within a specific city. We then explore the potential built environment variables yielding the spatial heterogeneity via the base model. Results show that the built environment at the city level (including the urbanization rate, number of public transportation vehicles, metro operating mileage, GDP, city population density, and road area per capita) and neighborhood level (including neighborhood population density, air quality, neighborhood location, and land use diversity) could partially explain the spatial heterogeneities in commuting mode choice. In addition, the moderating effects of these built environments on the link between commuting time and commuting mode choice are examined. Results imply that the urbanization rate and neighborhood population density moderate the effect of commuting time on choosing nonmotorized modes, while neighborhood location moderates the effect of commuting time on choosing public transit. Also, the mode shares of nonmotorized mode and public transit under different levels of commuting time are estimated in different built environment contexts. The findings of this study are expected to provide serviceable support for urban planning and transportation policy making.

Sahar Mehrran, Ali Akbar Taghilou, Khadijeh Javan

Analysis of land use change in Nazlou district of Urmia in the 2005-2018 time series Abstract Population growth, increased prosperity, the spread of technology, and the improper use of land have in recent decades imposed many changes on land. Nazlou district in Urmia city has been exposed to many changes due to its favorable natural conditions, location in the development paths of Urmia-Cir and Urmia-Bazargan, establishment of numerous industrial estates and so on. So planning to manage these changes requires studying land use changes. The purpose of this study was to detect land use changes in Nazlou district in Urmia city using Landsat TM and OLI satellite images by Object Oriented Classification. Also, two methods of change detection and change intensity index in land use change monitoring were used to investigate the severity and trend of land use changes. This study was descriptive and analytical and data collection was done by documentary method. The survey showed that during the study period (2005-2018) of the total area of ​​77498.37 hectares, the total area under study was approximately 25981.56 ha (33.52%). The highest level of change in 2005 relates to the level of the horticulture, with its downward trend in 2018. In contrast, changes in rangeland and dryland land use have an increasing trend, respectively.

Sabirin Sabirin, Aulia Azimi, Harry Wahyudi

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh etika profesi auditor dan fee audit terhadap kualitas audit. Desain / metodologi / pendekatan: dalam penelitian ini dilakukan analisis statistik deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif yang menggunakan teknik analisis regresi linear berganda dengan alat analisis SPSS 24. Temuan Penelitian: Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa etika profesi dan fee audit memiliki pengaruh terhadap kualitas audit. Kontribusi Teoretis / Orisinalitas: Perbedaan penelitian ini dengan penelitian sebelumnya adalah pada teknik analisis yang digunakan, selain itu objek penelitian juga berbeda, pada penelitian ini yang menjadi objek penelitian adalah Kantor Akuntan Publik yang berada di Kota Pontianak dan Bandung dan struktur bisnis yang kompleks sehingga menjadikan penelitian layak untuk diteruskan. Berdasarkan permasalahan di atas, dan melihat pentingnya etika profesi serta sangat sensitifnya fee audit penulis tertarik untuk meneliti kembali dengan fokus KAP di Pontianak Bandung sebagai responden. Keterbatasan dan implikasi penelitian: Peneliti menyadari keterbatasan dalam penelitian ini yang tentunya memerlukan perbaikan dan pengembangan untuk penelitian selanjutnya. Keterbatasan dalam penelitian ini adalah Variabel independen dalam penelitian belum memberikan kontribusi yang baik terhadap variabel dependen. Hal tersebut terlihat dari analisis koefisien determinasi dimana nilai R2 sebesar 66,6%. Sisanya sebesar 33.4% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain diluar model ini sehingga disarankan bagi peneliti selanjutnya untuk menambahkan variabel-variabel independen yang secara teoritis dapat berpengaruh lebih besar terhadap kualitas audit. Selain itu data yang dikumpulkan untuk diteliti dan dianalisis berdasarkan pada persepsi masing-masing responden terhadap item-item instrumen penelitian sehingga dapat memungkinkan terjadinya bias atau miss perseption.