This study aims to investigate the management of human resources based on Islamic principles as implemented at Phatna Witya School in Yala, Southern Thailand. HR management that aligns with Islamic teachings not only focuses on skills and professionalism but also emphasizes spiritual aspects, ethics, and moral responsibilities derived from Islamic teachings. This research employs a qualitative methodology through a case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document gathering. Participants in this study included the school principal, vice principal, teachers, and other educational staff. The findings reveal that the Islamic-based HR management approach at Phatna Witya School in Yala includes HR planning that adheres to Islamic values, a recruitment and selection process that pays attention to both competency and Islamic ethics, development of employees in spiritual and professional dimensions, and a performance assessment system that balances worldly and spiritual matters. This approach is seen as effective in shaping individuals with integrity, discipline, and a strong emphasis on Islamic values.
Chain-of-Thought reasoning is widely used to improve the interpretability of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), yet the faithfulness of the generated reasoning traces remains unclear. Prior work has mainly focused on perceptual hallucinations, leaving reasoning level unfaithfulness underexplored. To isolate faithfulness from linguistic priors, we introduce SPD-Faith Bench, a diagnostic benchmark based on fine-grained image difference reasoning that enforces explicit visual comparison. Evaluations on state-of-the-art MLLMs reveal two systematic failure modes, perceptual blindness and perception-reasoning dissociation. We trace these failures to decaying visual attention and representation shifts in the residual stream. Guided by this analysis, we propose SAGE, a train-free visual evidence-calibrated framework that improves visual routing and aligns reasoning with perception. Our results highlight the importance of explicitly evaluating faithfulness beyond response correctness. Our benchmark and codes are available at https://github.com/Johanson-colab/SPD-Faith-Bench.
We describe our system for SemEval-2026 Task 5, which requires rating the plausibility of given word senses of homonyms in short stories on a 5-point Likert scale. Systems are evaluated by the unweighted average of accuracy (within one standard deviation of mean human judgments) and Spearman Rank Correlation. We explore three prompting strategies using multiple closed-source commercial LLMs: (i) a baseline zero-shot setup, (ii) Chain-of-Thought (CoT) style prompting with structured reasoning, and (iii) a comparative prompting strategy for evaluating candidate word senses simultaneously. Furthermore, to account for the substantial inter-annotator variation present in the gold labels, we propose an ensemble setup by averaging model predictions. Our best official system, comprising an ensemble of LLMs across all three prompting strategies, placed 4th on the competition leaderboard with 0.88 accuracy and 0.83 Spearman's rho (0.86 average). Post-competition experiments with additional models further improved this performance to 0.92 accuracy and 0.85 Spearman's rho (0.89 average). We find that comparative prompting consistently improved performance across model families, and model ensembling significantly enhanced alignment with mean human judgments, suggesting that LLM ensembles are especially well suited for subjective semantic evaluation tasks involving multiple annotators.
Redithya Ega Fernanda, Eko Handayanto, Yulist Rima Fiandari
Purpose – This study analyzes the influence of animosity and religiosity on brand switching among Pizza Hut consumers in Indonesia, with boycott intention as a mediating variable. It seeks to understand how negative sentiments and religious values shape consumers’ decisions to switch brands in the context of geopolitical and social conflicts.
Methodology – A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing a survey distributed to 190 Pizza Hut consumers in Indonesia. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) via SmartPLS 4.0 to test the direct and indirect effects among variables.
Findings – The results confirmed that both animosity (β = 0.174, p < 0.05) and religiosity (β = 0.240, p < 0.05) significantly influenced brand switching. Boycott intention also mediated these relationships, with animosity (β = 0.126, p < 0.05) and religiosity (β = 0.149, p < 0.05) exerting indirect effects. Additionally, boycott intention directly affects brand switching (β = 0.402, p < 0.05).
Implications – Practically, Pizza Hut must address consumer animosity rooted in political conflict and align marketing strategies with religious values to retain customers. Theoretically, this study enriches the literature on ethical consumption by integrating social, political, and religious factors into emerging markets.
Originality – This study is among the first to explore the combined effects of animosity and religiosity on brand switching in Indonesia, particularly within the fast-food industry. It highlights boycott intention as a critical mediator, offering novel insights into consumer behavior amid sociopolitical tensions.
As local AI grows in popularity, there is a critical gap between the benchmark performance of object detectors and their practical viability on consumer-grade hardware. While models like YOLOv10s promise real-time speeds, these metrics are typically achieved on high-power, desktop-class GPUs. This paper reveals that on resource-constrained systems, such as laptops with RTX 4060 GPUs, performance is not compute-bound but is instead dominated by system-level bottlenecks, as illustrated by a simple bottleneck test. To overcome this hardware-level constraint, we introduce a Two-Pass Adaptive Inference algorithm, a model-independent approach that requires no architectural changes. This study mainly focuses on adaptive inference strategies and undertakes a comparative analysis of architectural early-exit and resolution-adaptive routing, highlighting their respective trade-offs within a unified evaluation framework. The system uses a fast, low-resolution pass and only escalates to a high-resolution model pass when detection confidence is low. On a 5000-image COCO dataset, our method achieves a 1.85x speedup over a PyTorch Early-Exit baseline, with a modest mAP loss of 5.51%. This work provides a practical and reproducible blueprint for deploying high-performance, real-time AI on consumer-grade devices by shifting the focus from pure model optimization to hardware-aware inference strategies that maximize throughput.
Yifan Wang, Muhammad Sakib Shahriar, Salma Soliman
et al.
The exponential growth of edge artificial intelligence demands material-focused solutions to overcome energy consumption and latency limitations when processing real-time temporal data. Physical reservoir computing (PRC) offers an energy-efficient paradigm but faces challenges due to limited device scalability and reconfigurability. Additionally, reservoir and readout layers require memory of different timescales, short-term and long-term respectively - a material challenge hindering CMOS-compatible implementations. This work demonstrates a CMOS-compatible ferroelectric transistor using hafnium-zirconium-oxide (HZO) and silicon, enabling dual-memory operation. This system exhibits non-volatile long-term memory (LTM) from ferroelectric HZO polarization and volatile short-term memory (STM) from engineered non-quasi-static (NQS) channel-charge relaxation driven by gate-source/drain overlap capacitance. Ferroelectric polarization acts as non-volatile programming of volatile dynamics: by modulating threshold voltage, the ferroelectric state deterministically switches the NQS time constant and computational behavior between paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) and depression (PPD). This establishes a generalizable material-design principle applicable to diverse ferroelectric-semiconductor heterostructures, extending beyond silicon to oxide semiconductors and heterogeneously-integrated systems. The device solves second-order nonlinear tasks with 3.69 x 10^-3 normalized error using only 16 reservoir states - ~5x reduction - achieving 20 us response time (~1000x faster) and 1.5 x 10^-7 J energy consumption, providing an immediately manufacturable pathway for neuromorphic hardware and energy-efficient edge intelligence.
Deep vision models perform input-output computations that are hard to interpret. Concept-based explanation methods (CBEMs) increase interpretability by re-expressing parts of the model with human-understandable semantic units, or concepts. Checking if the derived explanations are faithful -- that is, they represent the model's internal computation -- requires a surrogate that combines concepts to compute the output. Simplifications made for interpretability inevitably reduce faithfulness, resulting in a tradeoff between the two. State-of-the-art unsupervised CBEMs (U-CBEMs) are seemingly more interpretable, while also being more faithful to the model. However, we observe that the reported improvement in faithfulness artificially results from either (1) using overly complex surrogates, which introduces an unmeasured cost to the explanation's interpretability, or (2) relying on deletion-based approaches that, as we demonstrate, do not properly measure faithfulness. We propose Surrogate Faithfulness (SURF), which (1) replaces prior complex surrogates with a simple, linear surrogate that measures faithfulness without changing the explanation's interpretability and (2) introduces well-motivated metrics that assess loss across all output classes, not just the predicted class. We validate SURF with a measure-over-measure study by proposing a simple sanity check -- explanations with random concepts should be less faithful -- which prior surrogates fail. SURF enables the first reliable faithfulness benchmark of U-CBEMs, revealing that many visually compelling U-CBEMs are not faithful. Code is released at https://github.com/skumar-ml/surf-eval .
В последние месяцы ученые-исламоведы в Северной Америке
вели время от времени жаркие дебаты — в журналах и в соци-
альных сетях — о параметрах и методологии этой дисциплины.
В недавней статье в Journal of the Academy of Religion (88:4) Илиз
Моргенштейн Фюрст (Ilyse Morgenstein Fuerst) указывает на глу-
боко укоренившиеся противоречия по поводу того, как «норма-
тивный ислам» концептуализируется в современной академиче-
ской среде. Фюрст исследует недавние объявления о вакансиях в
области исламоведения, чтобы показать, что комитеты по прие-
му сотрудников, опираясь на то, что она считает устаревшими
ориенталистскими стереотипами, в основном ищут ученых, чья
работа сосредоточена на арабских текстах, созданных на Ближ-
нем Востоке, и иногда в Северной Африке.
Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi citra tubuh perempuan melalui tafsir ayat Gaḍ al-Ḅasar and Ḥifz al-Furūj dalam perspektif psikologi sosial, menggunakan teori “Mind, Self, and Society” dari George Herbert Mead. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami bagaimana interpretasi ayat-ayat tersebut mempengaruhi persepsi diri dan citra tubuh perempuan dalam konteks sosial yang lebih luas. Melalui analisis dari kitab Tafsir al-Munir dan pendekatan psikologi sosial, penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa tafsir ayat-ayat tersebut seringkali mengarah pada konstruksi sosial yang membentuk norma dan perilaku yang diinternalisasi oleh norma agama. Teori Mead digunakan untuk menganalisis interaksi antara individu dan masyarakat dalam membentuk citra tubuh. Penelitian ini digolongkan kedalam kajian kepustakaan (library research) yang bersifat kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif maudu’i dan analisis konten. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep kesucian tubuh perempuan menekankan pentingnya menjaga kesucian melalui perilaku dan penampilan dengan menggunakan pakaian yang tertutup (jilbab) dan selaras dengan ajaran agama. Termasuk dengan mejaga pandangan dan memelihara kehormatan. Interpretasi agama tidak hanya mempengaruhi persepsi individu tentang tubuh mereka, tetapi juga berperan dalam membentuk identitas sosial dan interaksi sosial. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan tentang bagaimana nilai-nilai agama dan norma sosial berinteraksi dalam membentuk citra tubuh perempuan dan menawarkan perspektif baru dalam memahami dinamika ini melalui lensa psikologi sosial.
Bu çalışma Ali Kuşçu’nun Şerhu’t-Tecrîd başlıklı eseri ve Ta‘lîkât alâ mebâhisi’l-egâlîti’l-hissiyye min Şerhi’l- Mevâkıf adlı eserinde ele almış olduğu optiğe dair konuları problem odaklı bir listeleme faaliyetine tabi kılıp, optik problemleri tarihsel açıdan yorumlamayı, bunu yaparken de dav’ (الضوء), nûr (النور), şuâ (الشعاع) gibi farklı ışık terimlerinin kullanımını incelemeyi hedeflemektedir. Ali Kuşçu Şerhu’t-Tecrîd adlı eserinde; görme kuvvetini açıklar, görsel algıya dair matematikçilerin ve tabiatçıların görüşlerini sundukları deliller bağlamında tartışır, aynada görüntünün resmedilmesi, tek bir adet nesnenin iki adet görülmesi gibi konuları irdeler, görsel algıda dav’ ve rengi önkoşul olarak, renk algısını da dav’a bağlı olarak açıklar, dav’ın niçin cisim olamayacağından bahseder, birincil ve ikincil ışıklar terminolojisini dahil ettiği anlatısını karanlıkta görme problemiyle tamamlar. Şerhu’t-Tecrîd’de son olarak ele aldığı karanlık problemi, Ta‘lîkât alâ mebâhisi’l-egâlîti’l-hissiyye min Şerhi’l-Mevâkıf adlı eserinde tartıştığı ilk problemdir. Bu eserinde Ali Kuşçu, gemideki gözlemcinin göreceli hareketi, benzer üçgen geometrisiyle aynada görünen nesnenin büyüklüğünün belirlenmesi, farklı renklerin meydana gelmesi gibi problemlere ilgi duyar, mesaisini bu problemlerin geliştirilmesine ayırır. Optik problemleri tartışırken, hareket teorisi, göz fizyolojisi gibi farklı doğa felsefesi problemlerine kapı aralar, anlatılarını yer yer geometrik gösterimler ile destekler. İki eserinde de ışığa dair olguları tartışırken farklı ışık terimlerinin kullanımına dikkat eder.
Faithfulness is arguably the most critical metric to assess the reliability of explainable AI. In NLP, current methods for faithfulness evaluation are fraught with discrepancies and biases, often failing to capture the true reasoning of models. We introduce Adversarial Sensitivity as a novel approach to faithfulness evaluation, focusing on the explainer's response when the model is under adversarial attack. Our method accounts for the faithfulness of explainers by capturing sensitivity to adversarial input changes. This work addresses significant limitations in existing evaluation techniques, and furthermore, quantifies faithfulness from a crucial yet underexplored paradigm.
Noah Y. Siegel, Oana-Maria Camburu, Nicolas Heess
et al.
In order to oversee advanced AI systems, it is important to understand their underlying decision-making process. When prompted, large language models (LLMs) can provide natural language explanations or reasoning traces that sound plausible and receive high ratings from human annotators. However, it is unclear to what extent these explanations are faithful, i.e., truly capture the factors responsible for the model's predictions. In this work, we introduce Correlational Explanatory Faithfulness (CEF), a metric that can be used in faithfulness tests based on input interventions. Previous metrics used in such tests take into account only binary changes in the predictions. Our metric accounts for the total shift in the model's predicted label distribution, more accurately reflecting the explanations' faithfulness. We then introduce the Correlational Counterfactual Test (CCT) by instantiating CEF on the Counterfactual Test (CT) from Atanasova et al. (2023). We evaluate the faithfulness of free-text explanations generated by few-shot-prompted LLMs from the Llama2 family on three NLP tasks. We find that our metric measures aspects of faithfulness which the CT misses.
Individuality and personalization comprise the distinctive characteristics that make each writer unique and influence their words in order to effectively engage readers while conveying authenticity. However, our growing reliance on LLM-based writing assistants risks compromising our creativity and individuality over time. We often overlook the negative impacts of this trend on our creativity and uniqueness, despite the possible consequences. This study investigates these concerns by performing a brief survey to explore different perspectives and concepts, as well as trying to understand people's viewpoints, in conjunction with past studies in the area. Addressing these issues is essential for improving human-computer interaction systems and enhancing writing assistants for personalization and individuality.
Juli Iswanto, Wahyuddin Nur Nasution, Mesiono Mesiono
This research aims to analyze: (1) planning for the development of teaching staff resources; (2) the process of developing teaching staff; (3) educational staff development components; and (4) a model for developing teaching staff resources. This research uses a multisite qualitative method where data collection techniques employ interviews, observation, and document study techniques to enhance the validity of the data findings and the authenticity of the research. The results of this research conclude that: (1) planning for the development of teaching staff is led by the head of the madrasah, involving all elements of the madrasah and taking various forms in the short term, long term, and incidental; (2) the process of developing teaching staff is carried out using various steps, namely: problem identification; needs analysis; determination of funds; target setting; program determination; program implementation; and evaluation; (3) the teacher competency development components include the pedagogical component, professional component, social component, and personality component; and (4) a model for developing teaching staff takes the form of position rotation; training; guidance/counseling; job instructor training; demonstrations and examples; temporary assignments; workshops; seminars; comparative studies; teacher performance management; career development; improving welfare; subject teacher deliberation; education and training; supervision; and further studies.
Raisa Muthia Syahrani Hasibuan, Tuti Anggraini, Khairina Tambunan
One of the indicators of the viability of a bank is its profit. Profitability is an important indicator for the long-term survival of the operation of Islamic institutions. The formulation of this research problem is whether DPK and murabahah margin have a partial and simultaneous effect on CSR. Is there a simultaneous and partial influence of deposits, murabahah margins, and CSR on Bank Sumut Syariah's profits? Can CSR mitigate the impact of deposits and murabahah margins on Bank Sumut Syariah's profits? The research method used is the quantitative research method with a purposive sampling technique. Secondary data in the form of quarterly financial statements of Bank Sumut Syariah is used for the 2019-2022 period. Classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, t-tests, F tests, coefficients of determination, and path analysis are used for data analysis. The results of this study show that: (1) Deposit margin and murabahah affect CSR, as shown by the findings of this study (2) Deposit and murabahah margin affect Bank Sumut Syariah's profit (3) CSR does not have an impact on Bank Sumut Syariah's income. The effect of deposits and murabahah margins on Bank Sumut Syariah's profit cannot be mediated by CSR as an intervening variable. Islamic banking is expected to increase profit generation so as to maintain bank operational stability by increasing fund collection and optimizing incoming revenue, based on research results.
We provide explicit faithful re-embeddings for all hyperelliptic curves of genus at most three and an algorithmic way to construct them. Both in the faithful tropicalization algorithm and the proofs of correctness, we showcase OSCAR-methods for commutative algebra, polyhedral and tropical geometry.
Abd Syakur Syakur, Muflikhatul Khoiroh Khoiroh, Mohammad Reeza Bustami
This article examines the Shiddiqiyyah Tariqa theosophy, which has produced people who care about welfare and humanity. This study took a qualitative model, and the data needed was about Tariqa teachings and the life activities of the Tariqa adherents collected through involved observation, documentation, and in-depth interviews with the Murshid, 5 caliphs, and 20 Tariqa adherents which were then analyzed using holistic interpretation technique. The results showed that the Shiddiqiyyah Tariqa teaches Mālikiyyah monotheism doctrine namely the unity insight between servant and the King (manunggale kawulo lan Gusti). Humans, as servants, must glorify the King by magnifying His name, working for Him, and adapting themselves to Him, for example, working diligently, because He is also diligent at working to bring prosperity to His servant. This teaching formed the Tariqa adherents into moderate people who, apart from being diligent in dhikr, were also diligent in work.
Natasya Salsabilla Syarief, Andre an Pangestu, Hesti Klatina Putri
et al.
Every child is born in different conditions. There are children who are born with physical disabilities or are called physically disabled. Education for children with physical disabilities is no different from children who do not have physical disabilities. However, children with disabilities need special attention from teachers and parents. Children with physical disabilities have slightly different characteristics from normal children. In the learning process, special services are needed for children with disabilities. The purpose of this journal is to determine the characteristics of children with disabilities and education for children with disabilities. The method used in this journal is the library method which is sourced from articles, journals, books related to knowing the characteristics of children with disabilities and education for children with disabilities.
Abstract
Trading activities are increasing rapidly in society, particularly in the age of globalization, and everything is becoming easier as technology advances. This also has an impact on community trading activities, which no longer take place conventionally but only through internet-connected mobile phones; this type of trade is commonly referred to as e-commerce. The benefits of buying and selling transactions are numerous, but with the availability of buying and selling online, it is inevitable that consumer rights will be violated. The current regulations are clearly different from how buying and selling transactions are now conducted over the internet. The goal of this research is to discover how to regulate online trading laws and regulations, as well as to solve legal problems in online trading. This study employs a qualitative approach with a normative legal approach. According to the findings of this study, e-commerce transactions are governed by Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions (UU ITE), which was then amended by Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions, among other regulations. Problems in e-commerce transactions can be resolved through legal or litigation, non-litigation, or out of court.
Keywords: : Online Trading; Legal protection; Consumer
Abstrak
Kegiatan Perdagangan meningkat pesat di masyarakat, terlebih di era globalisasi segala sesuatunya menjadi semakin mudah karena telah berkembangnya teknologi yang semakin maju. Hal itu juga berdampak pada kegiatan perdagangan di masyarakat yang tidak lagi terjadi secara konvensional melainkan hanya melalui handphone berbasis internet, jenis perdagangan ini lazim disebut sebagai e-commerce. Keuntungan dari transaksi perdagangan ini memang sangat banyak, tetapi dengan adanya perdagangan secara online tentu akan sangat berisiko kepada hak-hak bagi konsumen yang tidak dipenuhi. Peraturan yang telah ada jelas berbeda dengan cara transaksi jual-beli itu dilakukan sekarang melalui internet. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah guna mengetahui bagaimana pengaturan mengenai perdagangan online di dalam peraturan perundang-undangan dan penyelesaian masalah dalam perdagangan online secara hukum. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normative. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa transaksi e-commerce telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE) yang diperbarui dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, serta berbagai Peraturan lainnya. Mengenai penyelesaian permasalahan dalam transaksi e-commerce dapat melalui jalur hukum atau litigasi maupun non litigasi atau jalur diluar pengadilan.
Hadisler İslam’ın ikinci temel kaynağıdır. Bu kaynaklık sebebiyle hadislerin sahihliği, Peygamberimize aidiyetinin gerçekliği ve bunun tespiti büyük önem arz etmektedir. En başta muhaddisler bu konuda çok büyük gayret göstermişler bu bağlamda çeşitli kriterler geliştirmişlerdir. Sözgelimi râvinin adalet ve zabt sıfatlarına sahipliği, hadis senedinde kopukluklar yaşanmaması, rivayetin şâz ve muallel olmaması gibi. Fakat bu kriterlerin temel olarak ortaya çıkmasında muhaddislerden önce ilk dönem sahabelerinin payı yadsınamayacak kadar önem teşkil etmektedir.