This paper examines Ibrahim Rugova’s philosophical and theoretical contributions to literary studies, focusing on three central categories that define his aesthetics: objectification, the strategy of meaning, and aesthetic refusal. Through the reworking of phenomenological and ontological concepts, Rugova reformulates objectification as the process by which the inner world of personality becomes externalized in the literary work, thereby affirming the autonomy of art as a mode of being. His notion of the strategy of meaning, developed in dialogue with semiotics and structuralism, explains how literature generates both denotative meanings internal to the work and connotative meanings arising from interpretation. Finally, the concept of aesthetic refusal highlights the tension between literature and politics, showing how literature resists ideological and institutional pressures by affirming its autonomy. The study seeks to analyze and synthesize these concepts by examining Rugova’s theoretical–philosophical works, such as <i>Kah teoria Strategjia e kuptimit</i>, and <i>Refuzimi estetik</i>. <i>letrare</i>, through an interdisciplinary methodology that combines philosophical analysis, literary theory, and cultural critique. Taken together, the categories under discussion form a coherent ontology of the literary work that situates Rugova within multiple intellectual traditions that influenced him—including phenomenology, hermeneutics, information theory, structuralism, and dialectical philosophy—while simultaneously underscoring his originality in adapting these ideas to the Albanian intellectual context. The paper concludes that Rugova’s theoretical legacy, often overshadowed by his political role, offers a significant contribution to modern literary theory by defending the autonomy of literature and reaffirming its function as a distinctive mode of truth and human realization.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
This study examines the impact of financial literacy, business management skills, and access to capital on the sustainability of women entrepreneurs' businesses. Using a quantitative approach, the findings reveal that financial literacy and business management skills significantly enhance business sustainability, equipping women entrepreneurs with essential decision-making and managerial capabilities. Access to capital also plays a crucial role in sustaining businesses by providing financial resources for growth and risk management. The moderating effects of access to capital present a nuanced dynamic. While access to capital strengthens the positive relationship between business management skills and business sustainability, it unexpectedly weakens the relationship between financial literacy and sustainability. This indicates that although financial resources are necessary, excessive reliance on external funding without strong financial management can hinder business success. These findings align with Resource-Based View, emphasizing the significance of both financial and managerial competencies. The study provides theoretical contributions by refining the understanding of financial literacy's role in business sustainability and highlighting the risks of financial mismanagement. Practically, it emphasizes the need for integrated policies that enhance financial education and managerial skills while ensuring responsible access to capital. Governments, financial institutions, and entrepreneurship programs in Indonesia should adopt a holistic approach by combining financial training with structured capital access. Despite its contributions, this study is limited by its cross-sectional design and geographical scope. Future research should explore longitudinal and qualitative perspectives to gain deeper insights. Overall, this study offers valuable recommendations for fostering sustainable women entrepreneurship, particularly in developing economies.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social sciences (General)
Abstract This article examines the linguistic landscapes (LL) of two communities in Beijing, China, to investigate the agency and structure embodied in them. A geosemiotic and discursive approach is employed to the collected data based on geosemiotics and discursive frame. It reveals the LL in the surveyed communities in Beijing can be mainly divided into three discursive frames: the civic frame, the promotional frame, and the livelihood frame, each with its own exclusive geosemiotic characteristics of agency and structure. A separate examination of each frame reveals the specific representations of and interactions between agency and structural factors within each one. Furthermore, a longitudinal analysis of these three frames indicates the existence of a concrete dynamic equilibrium relationship between agency and structure. It can be summarized that one of the existing landscape construction modes in the communities in Beijing is characterized by the balanced agency-structure dynamics, which can serve as a reference for LL construction and research in other regions.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
Anh Thi Tram Le, Thao Viet Tran, Trang Mai Tran
et al.
Scientific research is the important task of lecturers in universities. However, university lecturers often struggle to balance research and teaching and focus more on teaching than research. In addition, the motivation for lecturers to do research is a little. This article surveys lecturers at some universities in Vietnam to find the factors that motivate lecturers to do science. The motivating factors include intrinsic factors (creativity, passion…), extrinsic factors (financial, promotion ..), and barriers to the scientific research activities of lecturers. Research results show that intrinsic and extrinsic factors positively impact the scientific research activities of lecturers, and the barrier factors negatively affect the research activities of lectures. Based on the research results, the authors make some suggestions to strengthen further the research activities of lecturers at universities in Vietnam.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
In the cultural industry, firms face significant challenges when contracting with artists due to the inherently unpredictable quality of experience goods. This study investigates how firms can leverage indices, as introduced by Spence, to make more informed contracting decisions under such uncertainty. By framing the problem as a sequential Bayesian game and applying Shannon information theory, it is demonstrated that indices — observable and unalterable attributes correlated with artistic quality — serve as reliable predictors in the artist selection process. The analysis reveals that when the cost of forging indices exceeds a certain threshold, artists are disincentivised from manipulation, allowing firms to avoid contracting with low-quality producers. This framework offers a robust solution to the contracting dilemma within the cultural industry and provides valuable insights for other markets characterised by high uncertainty and the unpredictability of experience goods.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social sciences (General)
Problem-solving skills are an ability that must be cultivated to equip students with the skills needed to deal with today’s increasingly complex and volatile environment. Computational thinking represents a new paradigm in problem-solving skills. After Wing proposed Computational Thinking as problem-solving skills in 2006, other scholars investigated this topic; nevertheless, the link between Computational Thinking and problem-solving has not been clearly discussed in previous studies. To uncover evidence for the connection between Computational Thinking and problem-solving skills, we conduct a systematic literature review of 37 papers collected from Web of Science database. The results indicate that (a) problem-solving is discussed in the 37 articles in the context of Computational Thinking, (b) the most frequently employed Computational Thinking stages in problem-solving skills are decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithm, (c) Computational Thinking is closely linked to problem-solving, and (d) Computational Thinking and problem-solving stages serve the same functions in solving problems. The results of this study will encourage the development of education research, particularly in the application of CT as a problem-solving tool in various real-life scenarios.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
This study examines the factors and motivations behind social entrepreneurial behavior in Saudi Arabia, specifically highlighting the main findings. The research employs the Web of Science and Scopus databases to conduct a literature review following the PRISMA statement guidelines. Using the VOS viewer software, the analysis and identification of key terms result in three primary classifications. (1) The study of social entrepreneurial behavior and its consequences. (2) The examination of organizational dynamics and the creation of social value, including social innovation and corporate social responsibility. (3) The exploration of the relationship between the entrepreneurial ecosystem and planned behavioral constructs. The study explores Saudi Arabia’s efforts to promote entrepreneurial development and tackle ongoing challenges like high unemployment rates. The research highlights the potential of social entrepreneurship to create positive societal change. The text emphasizes the importance of improving the entrepreneurial ecosystem by focusing on cultural factors, social networks, institutional frameworks, investment capital, and economic policies. The findings enhance our comprehension of planned behavior outcomes in the context of social entrepreneurial behavior in Saudi Arabia.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
Abstract Bayesian phylogenetic methods offer various models that would be especially suitable in the reconstruction of textual traditions, but text-critical applications of phylogenetics to date have generally not taken advantage of these features. In this article, we offer a way forward for text-critical phylogenetics. On the side of theory, we highlight multiple Bayesian phylogenetic models and discuss their relevance to textual criticism. More practically, we show how TEI XML collations of textual traditions can be encoded to facilitate robust analyses using these models in BEAST 2, with the teiphy Python package mediating the conversion from TEI XML to BEAST XML. Finally, we give a proof of concept for this approach, showing that the results of BEAST 2 analyses of a sample collation of the Epistle to the Ephesians under different clock models cohere with established findings on the textual tradition of this work.
Testimonies of Holocaust survivors have had an essential influence on public engagement with the Shoah in recent decades. Given this importance, the imminent end of the “era of the witness” has sparked fears that the history of the Holocaust could soon be forgotten. The past decades have therefore seen unprecedented efforts to record the testimonies of Holocaust survivors in order to safeguard the immediacy of their accounts. In this essay, I trace how different temporal entanglements have affected the narrated memory of Holocaust survivors and thus also shaped the knowledge of those born later. Focusing on four interviews conducted with a Jewish Holocaust survivor in 1946, 1995, 1998, and 2004 respectively, I explore how biological time, historical time, recording time, and the temporality of narrative have shaped the narrated memories. As I argue, the different temporal entanglements have allowed for starkly different reconfigurations and reconstructions of the past. This renders the study of the epistemic constitutive nature of entangled temporalities important not only for Holocaust studies, but also for the history of knowledge, a field which has recently turned to processes of forgetting and ignorance.
History (General), History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
В статье рассматривается вопрос о том, в какой мере развитие русской литературы в Новое время обусловлено историко-культурными процессами, происходившими в Древней Руси и предопределенными принятием христианства; каково было соотношение аскетического и гуманистического идеалов на ранних стадиях развития культуры и как складывались отношения светской и духовной культур в Новое время. На основе трудов С. С. Аверинцева, В. М. Живова, Е. М. Верещагина дается характеристика отношений греческой литературы и ближневосточной словесности, византийской культуры и древнерусской литературы. «Изломы и надрывы» (В. М. Живов), проявившиеся в процессе перехода от культуры Древней Руси к собственно светской культуре, к «золотому веку» русской литературы, рассматриваются на материале творчества протопопа Аввакума и двух писателей первой половины XIX века — Г. С. Батенькова и Н. В. Гоголя. Каждый из авторов, оказавшись в ситуации духовного выбора, воплотил как в сложности личности, так и в творческом процессе столкновение противоположных, чуть ли не антагонистических начал. Самосознание Аввакума оказалось между «старой» и «новой» верой; Батенькова — между христианством и масонством; Гоголя — если не между православием и католицизмом, то в ситуации сопоставления двух ветвей христианства.
В работе исследуются мотивы, которые были порождены этой коллизией духовного выбора и привлекали писателей XIX столетия — мотив удаления от мира и отшельничества, мотив темницы, мотив странничества. При этом выясняется, что темы уединения и странничества, охарактеризованные еще в святоотеческих трудах, в литературе Нового времени воспроизводятся достаточно точно, однако, предлагая их читателю своего времени, писатели вынуждены вырабатывать новую эстетику. Этот процесс отчетливо проступает уже в «Житии» протопопа Аввакума, написанном им самим, и в усложненном виде предстает в творчестве писателей XIX в.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
This article aims to know the effect of the cooperative learning model of complex instruction type on history learning outcomes of class XI IPS students SMA Negeri 5 Banda Aceh. The method used in this research is quasi-experimental with the form of design used being the nonequivalent control group. The population in this study are all students of class XI IPS SMA Negeri 5 Banda Aceh. The sample in this study was XI IPS 1 as an experimental class and XI IPS 2 as a control class, samples were taken by purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques used are test and documentation. Data analysis techniques using SPSS version 20. The results showed that the cooperative learning model of complex instruction type influences student history learning outcome with an average student learning outcomes of students in class XI IPS 1 is 73,45 while class XI IPS 2 is 58,50. The results of data processing using Mann-Whithney test on the experimental class and control class showed that Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) that is 0,001 less than 0,05, so is accepted and is rejected, it means that there is an effect of the model on history learning outcomes of class XI IPS students.
Christina Kamposiori, Claire Warwick, Simon Mahony
Abstract Over the past decades, technological advancement and the mass digitization of information resources have led to the development of a range of digital resources for academic scholarship. Understanding the needs of scholars when employing digital resources for their work can lead to the building of digital infrastructure that not only enables access to the required information but also has the potential to transform scholarship through having a positive effect on the whole scholarly workflow. Through this article, we show how the design of digital libraries and resources can be improved to enhance information discovery and use in art history, while also benefiting other key areas of the research process. By employing an ethnographic approach to the study of scholarly practices, we developed a sound understanding of art historians’ behaviour when interacting with information at different stages of the scholarly workflow. Our results show that scholars exhibited highly creative behaviour when conducting core scholarly activities, such as information seeking and use. Yet, the challenges they often encountered showed that there is still more work to be done to improve digital infrastructure and tools for scholarship in the field. Part of this article will focus on the user requirements for designing systems that facilitate discovery, encourage creative use of information, and trigger inspiration.
The article examines the process of creation of the Don Cheka during the period of establishing the Soviet statehood in the Don region in 1920-1921. The Don Cheka was organized under conditions of the activities of some criminal bands, interveners, white-cossaks, anarchists, swindlers and speculators in the city and its outskirts. However, the shortage of highly professional cadre, the lack of any undercover agents did not affect the effectiveness of the Don Cheka’s fight with the resistance moment in the region.
Law, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
Early one September morning in 1975, in a quiet Metairie subdivision west of Transcontinental Drive, a ranch house suddenly exploded in a fireball so powerful it damaged 20 neighboring buildings and broke windows a mile away. The house plus four adjacent homes were reduced to rubble, and 11 people were seriously injured.
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
This study aims to compare the effectiveness of grammar and Arabic rhetoric in analyzing phonetic phenomena, and to show the different ways that both rhetoricians and text scholars follow in analysis with a descriptive-analytical approach. In this field, the focus is on defining the phonetic phenomena common to Arabic rhetoric and the syntax of the text, and identifying the points of agreement and divergence between them when analyzing literary texts, within the framework of analyzing an eloquent literary text and a great book, Nahj al-Balaghah.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Arts in general
Louise Broderick, Ruth McCullagh, Eleanor Bantry White
et al.
This study aims to explore frail older adults’ perceptions of what influences their exercise behaviors. A qualitative descriptive design was used. Semi-structured, open-ended interviews were conducted with 29 frail older adults. Thematic content analysis established the findings. Frail older adults perceive exercise as a by-product of other purposeful activities such as manual work or social activities. Progression into frailty appears to be associated with a decline in non-family support, changing traditional roles within family support networks, and lower baseline activity levels. Frail older adults perceive exercise as incidental to more purposeful activities rather than an endpoint in itself. Therefore, exercise programs concentrating on functional outcomes may be more relevant for this population. Strategies that educate and promote social support networks may also benefit frail older adults.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
En las últimas décadas, el aumento de la participación femenina en el mercado laboral, ha sido analizado en profundidad en las ciencias sociales, situándose el foco en las condiciones de inserción de las mujeres, las in-equidades persistentes con respecto a los trabajadores varones, y las dificultades de conciliación entre trabajo remunerado, trabajo doméstico y de cuidado. El objetivo del presente artículo, es realizar una revisión y sistematización de la literatura que estudia la vinculación entre el trabajo remunerado y el no remunerado, desde un enfoque de género, poniéndolo en contexto a partir de datos actuales del mercado laboral en la Argentina, y con el aporte de posibles caminos para enfrentar las dificultades de conciliación. La literatura analizada, se estructura en tres núcleos temáticos: la definición de la dimensión de género en ciencias so-ciales y su vinculación con el concepto de trabajo, las condiciones de inserción laboral de las mujeres, y la problemática de la conciliación entre trabajo remunerado, doméstico y de cuidado. A partir de la revisión bibliográfica realizada, se puede concluir que la conciliación entre trabajo remunerado y no remunerado, representa una dificultad que afecta profundamente a las mujeres en vinculación con su inserción laboral y su desarrollo profesional. Al respecto, los avances en cuanto a normativa y legislación que promueve la igualdad de trato y de oportunidades para varones y mujeres en Argentina, no han sido suficientes y aún se está lejos de dicha igualdad.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social sciences (General)