Hasil untuk "History of education"

Patricia H. Thornton, W. Ocasio

G. Batho, T. Husén, T. Postlethwaite

Mehmet Emin Arayici, Ali Kose, Hatice Simsek

Abstract Background It’s well established that falls are a leading cause of injury among older adults and may be influenced by sleep duration. This study aimed to investigate the association between nighttime sleep duration and fall risk in a nationally representative older population. Methods This population-based cross-sectional study used data from the Turkey Older adults Profile Survey conducted in 2023. A total of 10,321 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older were included. Data on demographics, health characteristics, sleep duration, environmental factors, and fall history were collected through structured interviews. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were undertaken to estimate the association between nighttime sleep duration (< 7 h, 7–8 h [reference], and > 8 h) and falls. Multivariable models progressively adjusted for age, gender, education, marital status, physical activity, BMI, alcohol use, regular medication, walking difficulty, visual impairment, depression, chronic disease status, self-rated health, and environmental factors. Odds ratios (OR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results Among the participants (mean age: 72.8 ± 6.4 years; 54.5% female), 20.1% reported falls in the past year. Short sleep duration (< 7 h) was associated with significantly increased odds of falling in both unadjusted (OR = 1.755, 95% CI: 1.584–1.944, p < 0.001) and fully adjusted models (aOR = 1.546, 95% CI: 1.388–1.724, p < 0.001). Long sleep duration (> 8 h) initially indicated an elevated fall risk (OR = 1.224, 95% CI: 1.036–1.447, p = 0.018); however, this association lost statistical significance after fully adjusting for several health and environmental covariates (aOR = 1.091, 95% CI: 0.918–1.297, p = 0.322). Conclusions Nighttime sleep duration less than 7 h was independently associated with an increased risk of falls among older adults. Interventions promoting optimal sleep duration could be a crucial component of fall prevention strategies targeting older populations.

Surat Teerakapibal, Poompak Kusawat

Since its recent debut, ChatGPT has become a global sensation and significantly impacted the field of education. Both educational researchers and practitioners have identified opportunities as well as risks associated with the use of this novel tool in educational settings. Despite the ongoing debate, there is still no research exploring occupational differences in the perception of ChatGPT in education. In this paper, we analyzed Twitter data using topic modeling and sentiment analysis to investigate how ChatGPT is perceived and discussed differently in different occupations. Our study found diverse topics discussed including its use in schools, impact on exams, academic integrity concerns, and response accuracy evaluations. While most tweets were positive or neutral, concerns about integrity and response accuracy were evident. Analysis revealed sentiment and topic variations among users' occupations. These findings emphasize the opportunities and challenges of integrating ChatGPT in education, necessitating continued monitoring and informed policy-making for responsible utilization.

Dimitris Pantazatos, Mary Grammatikou, Vasilis Maglaris

The rapid evolution of technology in educational settings has opened new avenues for enhancing learning experiences, particularly in specialized fields like network management. This paper explores the novel integration of a GenAI-based virtual assistant in a university-level network management course, focusing on its impact on developing students' soft skills, notably critical thinking and problem-solving abilities. Recognizing the increasing importance of these skills in the digital age, our study aims to assess the empirical effectiveness of this artificial intelligence-driven educational tool in fostering these competencies among students.

M. Falikul Isbah

This article discusses the history of pesantren as an educational institution in the changing Indonesian context, and provides a snapshot on their current development and enrolment trends. It aims to provide an updated comprehension on Indonesian pesantren, which is an important aspect in understanding the contemporary development of Islam in Indonesia. The data presented here is based on systematic review of existing literature and policy documents, interviews with key policy makers, and observation in some pesantren . I argue that Indonesian pesantren have continued to grow over different historical periods due to their adaptability in the changing contexts. Such adaptability is seen in their adoption of modern schooling system, their incorporation of non-religious subjects into their curricula, as well as their dynamic integration into the national education system.

Nicolás Mauricio Calderón Pantoja, Carlos de la Rosa Gómez

The aim of this work is to systematize a model that considers the use of audiovisual resources as a complement to the development of Historical Thinking in the classroom. For the theoretical basis, we reviewed postulates about Historical Thinking in relation to film materials. We examined references regarding the relevance of complementing History classes with audiovisual material and structured criteria to help define selection parameters. For the construction of this model, we consulted dramaturgical texts through which we projected a guide serving as training for the teacher with tools to help them understand how to break down and analyze this material, and how to find the best way to use it in favor of the session and the construction of Historical Thinking. We conclude this work by providing projections in the pursuit of continuously improving didactic-pedagogical techniques that come to the aid of our students.

Agnij Bhattacharyya, Debadatta Chakrabarty, Anindya Mukherjee et al.

Background: The acceptance of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination by the community was largely affected by information or misinformation spreading through various channels. Hence, in the process of deploying vaccines, it became important to explore the community&apos;s knowledge and attitude toward such intervention. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19 vaccination among the general population of Kolkata and to compare knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19 vaccination among different groups based on age, gender, socioeconomic status, educational qualifications, and occupation. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 389 participants among the patients attending general outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata using a pre-tested questionnaire having sections on knowledge, attitude, and practices toward COVID-19 vaccination. Knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were then calculated and compared among different groups based on age, gender, socioeconomic status, educational qualifications, occupation, and history of COVID-19 infection. Results: Knowledge was found to differ significantly with respect to education, occupation, socioeconomic status, and history of COVID-19 infection. Attitude showed no variation to these variables, while practice scores were found to be significantly associated with education, socioeconomic status, and history of COVID-19 infection. The unavailability of slots for vaccination was not the reason for anyone remaining unvaccinated. Financial reasons were one of the factors determining vaccine hesitancy in parts of the world before vaccines were available. This study found that 72.8% of participants found vaccines to be inexpensive. Of the participants not having received even a single dose of vaccine, the most common reason was pregnancy and lactation-related issues. Conclusion: The reason behind such associations can be further explored in bigger multicentric studies. Improvement studies may also be carried out to assess the effectiveness of various channels of communication which may aid in figuring out lacunae and planning of similar vaccination drives in the future. [Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol 2024; 14(1.000): 92-98]

María de Lourdes Peralta Guzmán

Las formas de los libros de texto escolares cada vez cobran más relevancia, pues al ser una forma de conocimiento impreso es importante su investigación, y un elemento que ha cobrado trascendencia es la imagen, que proporciona un discurso visual. En este artículo se presentan dos propuestas metodológicas con la que se descifró la presencia de colectivos y personajes centrales a través de las imágenes en dos contenidos escolares, la conquista y el porfiriato; en el caso de los indígenas los libros de las generaciones 1960, 1972, 1993 y 2011 y el de Porfirio Díaz en la generación 2011. Pese a la polémica social que genera la historia sobre estas temáticas, no llega a profundizarse el impacto de su aparición en estos materiales, que repercute en el pensamiento de los escolares que son sus receptores.  

Gaojie FAN, Qing LIU, Jianing BI et al.

ObjectiveTo investigate associations of ideal cardiovascular health behaviors with arterial stiffness and its progression in adults for providing a reference to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. MethodsA questionnaire survey, physical examination, laboratory tests, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) measurement were conducted among 5 536 adult physical examinees recruited through convenient sampling in a general hospital located in Wuhan city, Hubei province from August 2018 to May 2019. The evaluation of cardiovascular health behavior was performed using an integrated overall score that encompassed smoking, dietary pattern, exercise routine, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and total cholesterol level. Among the surveyed participants who had complete information and no history of cardiovascular disease at baseline (n = 2 683), a follow-up baPWV measurement was conducted approximately two years later from June 2019 to February 2022. From this follow-up group of individuals with valid data for both baPWV measurements and baseline values below or equal to 1400 cm/s (n = 372), an analysis was conducted to investigate factors influencing the progression of arterial stiffness. An unconditional multivariate logistic regression model was employed to explore the correlations between ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and arterial hardening as well as its progression. ResultsAmong the 2 683 individuals without a history of cardiovascular disease at baseline survey, 34.03%, 48.16%, and 17.81% were assessed as having ideal, general, and poor cardiovascular health behaviors or factors respectively, while 31.83% were detected with arterial stiffness indicated by baPWV ≥ 1 400 cm/s. In contrast, among the 372 individuals with the two baPWV measurements and without baseline arterial stiffness (baPWV < 1 400 cm/s), the proportions of having ideal, general, and poor cardiovascular health behaviors were 43.55%, 42.74%, and 13.71% respectively; meanwhile, progressive arterial stiffness was observed in approximately one-fifth of them according to elevated baPWV values (≥ 1 400 cm/s). After adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, age, education level and family history of cardiovascular disease using multivariate logistic regression analysis method, the results showed that compared to those with poor cardiovascular health behavior or factors, individuals who had ideal or general cardiovascular health behavior had significantly decreased risk of developing arterial stiffness with odds ratios (OR) being equal to 0.28 (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.21 – 0.37) and 0.64(95%CI: 0.51 – 0.81), respectively. Further adjustment for baseline baPWV values revealed that the risk of progressive arterial stiffness significantly decreased (OR = 0.29, 95%CI: 0.11 – 0.73) in individuals who had ideal rather than poor cardiovascular health behaviors. ConclusionThe ideal cardiovascular health behavior and factor scores exhibit a significant negative correlation with the occurrence and progression of arterial stiffness among Chinese adults. Moreover, early intervention aimed at promoting ideal cardiovascular health behavior and factors has the potential to effectively delay the onset and development of arterial stiffness.

Sven Jacobs, Steffen Jaschke

This study investigates the application of large language models, specifically GPT-4, to enhance programming education. The research outlines the design of a web application that uses GPT-4 to provide feedback on programming tasks, without giving away the solution. A web application for working on programming tasks was developed for the study and evaluated with 51 students over the course of one semester. The results show that most of the feedback generated by GPT-4 effectively addressed code errors. However, challenges with incorrect suggestions and hallucinated issues indicate the need for further improvements.

Shengzhong Mao, Chaoli Zhang, Yichi Song et al.

Recent advancements in the collection and analysis of sequential educational data have brought time series analysis to a pivotal position in educational research, highlighting its essential role in facilitating data-driven decision-making. However, there is a lack of comprehensive summaries that consolidate these advancements. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to provide a comprehensive review of time series analysis techniques specifically within the educational context. We begin by exploring the landscape of educational data analytics, categorizing various data sources and types relevant to education. We then review four prominent time series methods-forecasting, classification, clustering, and anomaly detection-illustrating their specific application points in educational settings. Subsequently, we present a range of educational scenarios and applications, focusing on how these methods are employed to address diverse educational tasks, which highlights the practical integration of multiple time series methods to solve complex educational problems. Finally, we conclude with a discussion on future directions, including personalized learning analytics, multimodal data fusion, and the role of large language models (LLMs) in educational time series. The contributions of this paper include a detailed taxonomy of educational data, a synthesis of time series techniques with specific educational applications, and a forward-looking perspective on emerging trends and future research opportunities in educational analysis. The related papers and resources are available and regularly updated at the project page.

René Walendy, Markus Weber, Steffen Becker et al.

The increasing importance of supply chain security for digital devices -- from consumer electronics to critical infrastructure -- has created a high demand for skilled cybersecurity experts. These experts use Hardware Reverse Engineering (HRE) as a crucial technique to ensure trust in digital semiconductors. Recently, the US and EU have provided substantial funding to educate this cybersecurity-ready semiconductor workforce, but success depends on the widespread availability of academic training programs. In this paper, we investigate the current state of education in hardware security and HRE to identify efficient approaches for establishing effective HRE training programs. Through a systematic literature review, we uncover 13 relevant courses, including eight with accompanying academic publications. We identify common topics, threat models, key pedagogical features, and course evaluation methods. We find that most hardware security courses do not prioritize HRE, making HRE training scarce. While the predominant course structure of lectures paired with hands-on projects appears to be largely effective, we observe a lack of standardized evaluation methods and limited reliability of student self-assessment surveys. Our results suggest several possible improvements to HRE education and offer recommendations for developing new training courses. We advocate for the integration of HRE education into curriculum guidelines to meet the growing societal and industry demand for HRE experts.

Zhang Xiong, Haoxuan Li, Zhuang Liu et al.

Personalized education, tailored to individual student needs, leverages educational technology and artificial intelligence (AI) in the digital age to enhance learning effectiveness. The integration of AI in educational platforms provides insights into academic performance, learning preferences, and behaviors, optimizing the personal learning process. Driven by data mining techniques, it not only benefits students but also provides educators and institutions with tools to craft customized learning experiences. To offer a comprehensive review of recent advancements in personalized educational data mining, this paper focuses on four primary scenarios: educational recommendation, cognitive diagnosis, knowledge tracing, and learning analysis. This paper presents a structured taxonomy for each area, compiles commonly used datasets, and identifies future research directions, emphasizing the role of data mining in enhancing personalized education and paving the way for future exploration and innovation.

Bernardo Leite, Henrique Lopes Cardoso

Question Generation (QG) is a task within Natural Language Processing (NLP) that involves automatically generating questions given an input, typically composed of a text and a target answer. Recent work on QG aims to control the type of generated questions so that they meet educational needs. A remarkable example of controllability in educational QG is the generation of questions underlying certain narrative elements, e.g., causal relationship, outcome resolution, or prediction. This study aims to enrich controllability in QG by introducing a new guidance attribute: question explicitness. We propose to control the generation of explicit and implicit wh-questions from children-friendly stories. We show preliminary evidence of controlling QG via question explicitness alone and simultaneously with another target attribute: the question's narrative element. The code is publicly available at github.com/bernardoleite/question-generation-control.

Andrii Voshchepynets, Oleksiy Agapitov, Lynn Wilson et al.

We present the results of processing the effects of the powerful Gamma Ray Burst GRB221009A captured by the charged particle detectors (electrostatic analyzers and solid-state detectors) onboard spacecraft at different points in the heliosphere on October 9, 2022. To follow the GRB221009A propagation through the heliosphere we used the electron and proton flux measurements from solar missions Solar Orbiter and STEREO-A; Earth magnetosphere and the solar wind missions THEMIS and Wind; meteorological satellites POES15, POES19, MetOp3; and MAVEN - a NASA mission orbiting Mars. GRB221009A had a structure of four bursts: less intense Pulse 1 - the triggering impulse - was detected by gamma-ray observatories at 131659 UT (near the Earth); the most intense Pulses 2 and 3 were detected on board all the spacecraft from the list, and Pulse 4 detected in more than 500 s after Pulse 1. Due to their different scientific objectives, the spacecraft, which data was used in this study, were separated by more than 1 AU (Solar Orbiter and MAVEN). This enabled tracking GRB221009A as it was propagating across the heliosphere. STEREO-A was the first to register Pulse 2 and 3 of the GRB, almost 100 seconds before their detection by spacecraft in the vicinity of Earth. MAVEN detected GRB221009A Pulses 2, 3, and 4 at the orbit of Mars about 237 seconds after their detection near Earth. By processing the time delays observed we show that the source location of the GRB221009A was at RA 288.5 degrees, Dec 18.5 degrees (J2000) with an error cone of 2 degrees

Samik Bhattacharya, Franziska Gröne, Felix Przesdzink et al.

Successful plant establishment in a particular environment depends on the root architecture of the seedlings and the extent of edaphic resource utilization. However, diverse habitats often pose a predicament on the suitability of the fundamental root structure of a species that evolved over a long period. We hypothesized that the plasticity in the genetically controlled root architecture in variable habitats provides an adaptive advantage to worldwide-distributed wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum, Rr) over its close relative (R. pugioniformis, Rp) that remained endemic to the East Mediterranean region. To test the hypothesis, we performed a reciprocal comparative analysis between the two species, growing in a common garden experiment on their native soils (Hamra/Sandy for Rr, Terra Rossa for Rp) and complementary controlled experiments mimicking the major soil compositions. Additionally, we analyzed the root growth kinetics via semi-automated digital profiling and compared the architecture between Rr and Rp. In both experiments, the primary roots of Rr were significantly longer, developed fewer lateral roots, and showed slower growth kinetics than Rp. Multivariate analyses of seven significant root architecture variables revealed that Rr could successfully adapt to different surrogate growth conditions by only modulating their main root length and number of lateral roots. In contrast, Rp needs to modify several other root parameters, which are very resource-intensive, to grow on non-native soil. Altogether the findings suggest an evo-devo adaptive advantage for Rr as it can potentially establish in various habitats with the minimal tweak of key root parameters, hence allocating resources for other developmental requirements.

Merline Augustine, Ankita Mahambare, M V Mallya et al.

Background and Objectives: An increasing prevalence of sexually transmitted infections especially Syphilis in blood donors may lead to increased donor deferrals and lessen the donor pool. Hence it is the need of the hour to device a structured screening methodology for Syphilis reactive donors. The aim of the study is to estimate the prevalence of syphilis in blood donors and to estimate the response rate of notified blood donors. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective study, conducted in a Blood Centre (BC) on the blood donors visiting for donation from January 2020 to September 2021. The donors screened positive on chemiluminescence immunoassay were included after informed consent was obtained, and donor demographics and follow-up response rate were analyzed. Frequency and percentages were used to express descriptive statistics and Chi-square was used to test the relationship between categories( p<0.05 considered significant). Results: Out of 26,698 donations during the study period, 133 donors were screened positive for syphilis. 127 (96%) donors consented to postdonation. Out of 127, only 61 were notified regarding the infection and were advised about further followup. 52% of the donors who consented to postdonation counseling were not notified due to erroneous contact details. Out of 46 responders, only 17 underwent further testing. Conclusions: The prevalence rate of syphilis was found to be 0.49%. Among the donors notified, 75% responded back to the BC. Due to social stigma and inadequate knowledge about the disease, often, donors are hesitant to give a reliable exposure history. Adequate education and adapting to a structured screening methodology is the need of the hour to reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted syphilis.

Pooya Alinian, Raziyeh Mohammadi, Azadeh Parvaneh et al.

Recent economic developments of countries like Japan, Korea, and Singapore, as a result of improvement in the quality of their education, show that having a high-quality education may lead to economic growth. In this article, using some statistical methods, we argue that high quality education can change the economy towards higher growth. Therefore, for the development of the country, one should think about how to improve its education. One of the effective ways to improve the quality of education is to increase the efficiency of teachers and attract talented people to teaching positions. Research shows that raising teachers' salaries, along with a proper quality improvement program, can help facilitate this process.

Michael Madaio, Su Lin Blodgett, Elijah Mayfield et al.

Educational technologies, and the systems of schooling in which they are deployed, enact particular ideologies about what is important to know and how learners should learn. As artificial intelligence technologies -- in education and beyond -- may contribute to inequitable outcomes for marginalized communities, various approaches have been developed to evaluate and mitigate the harmful impacts of AI. However, we argue in this paper that the dominant paradigm of evaluating fairness on the basis of performance disparities in AI models is inadequate for confronting the systemic inequities that educational AI systems (re)produce. We draw on a lens of structural injustice informed by critical theory and Black feminist scholarship to critically interrogate several widely-studied and widely-adopted categories of educational AI and explore how they are bound up in and reproduce historical legacies of structural injustice and inequity, regardless of the parity of their models' performance. We close with alternative visions for a more equitable future for educational AI.