Hasil untuk "History of Portugal"

D. Adams, Y. Ando, J. Beirão et al.

Amyloid transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (PN) is a progressive, debilitating, systemic disease wherein transthyretin protein misfolds to form amyloid, which is deposited in the endoneurium. ATTR amyloidosis with PN is the most serious hereditary polyneuropathy of adult onset. It arises from a hereditary mutation in the TTR gene and may involve the heart as well as other organs. It is critical to identify and diagnose the disease earlier because treatments are available to help slow the progression of neuropathy. Early diagnosis is complicated, however, because presentation may vary and family history is not always known. Symptoms may be mistakenly attributed to other diseases such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy, lumbar spinal stenosis, and, more rarely, diabetic neuropathy and AL amyloidosis. In endemic countries (e.g., Portugal, Japan, Sweden, Brazil), ATTR amyloidosis with PN should be suspected in any patient who has length-dependent small-fiber PN with autonomic dysfunction and a family history of ATTR amyloidosis, unexplained weight loss, heart rhythm disorders, vitreous opacities, or renal abnormalities. In nonendemic countries, the disease may present as idiopathic rapidly progressive sensory motor axonal neuropathy or atypical CIDP with any of the above symptoms or with bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome, gait disorders, or cardiac hypertrophy. Diagnosis should include DNA testing, biopsy, and amyloid typing. Patients should be followed up every 6–12 months, depending on the severity of the disease and response to therapy. This review outlines detailed recommendations to improve the diagnosis of ATTR amyloidosis with PN.

R. McCrae, P. Costa, Margarida Pedroso de Lima et al.

Jonah F Messinger, Florian Metzler, Huw Price

One of the most public episodes of gatekeeping in modern science was the case of so-called 'cold fusion'. At a news conference in 1989 the electrochemists Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons announced that they had found evidence of nuclear fusion in palladium electrodes loaded with deuterium. There was worldwide interest. Many groups sought to reproduce the results, most unsuccessfully. Within months, the prevailing view became strongly negative. The claims of Fleischmann and Pons came to be regarded as disreputable, as well as false. As the Caltech physicist David Goldstein put it, cold fusion became 'a pariah field, cast out by the scientific establishment' (Goldstein 1994). The case would already be interesting for students of gatekeeping if the story had ended at that point. Even more interestingly, however, the field survived and persisted. It has been enjoying a modest renaissance, with recent government funding both in the US and the EU. This piece offers an opinionated introduction to cold fusion as a case study of scientific gatekeeping, discussing both its early and recent history

Pedro Portugal, Damian D. Venghaus, Diego Lopez

Affordable desktop CNC routers are common in education, prototyping, and makerspaces, but most lack a rotary axis, limiting fabrication of rotationally symmetric or multi-sided parts. Existing solutions often require hardware retrofits, alternative controllers, or commercial CAM software, raising cost and complexity. This work presents a software-only framework for indexed rotary machining on GRBL-based CNCs. A custom post-processor converts planar toolpaths into discrete rotary steps, executed through a browser-based interface. While not equivalent to continuous 4-axis machining, the method enables practical rotary-axis fabrication using only standard, off-the-shelf mechanics, without firmware modification. By reducing technical and financial barriers, the framework expands access to multi-axis machining in classrooms, makerspaces, and small workshops, supporting hands-on learning and rapid prototyping.

Leandro C. Souza, Renato Portugal

This paper proposes a single-qudit quantum neural network for multiclass classification, by using the enhanced representational capacity of high-dimensional qudit states. Our design employs an $d$-dimensional unitary operator, where $d$ corresponds to the number of classes, constructed using the Cayley transform of a skew-symmetric matrix, to efficiently encode and process class information. This architecture enables a direct mapping between class labels and quantum measurement outcomes, reducing circuit depth and computational overhead. To optimize network parameters, we introduce a hybrid training approach that combines an extended activation function -- derived from a truncated multivariable Taylor series expansion -- with support vector machine optimization for weight determination. We evaluate our model on the MNIST and EMNIST datasets, demonstrating competitive accuracy while maintaining a compact single-qudit quantum circuit. Our findings highlight the potential of qudit-based QNNs as scalable alternatives to classical deep learning models, particularly for multiclass classification. However, practical implementation remains constrained by current quantum hardware limitations. This research advances quantum machine learning by demonstrating the feasibility of higher-dimensional quantum systems for efficient learning tasks.

Michel Cahen

Entre 7 e 10 de setembro de 1974, ao tomar conhecimento do con­teúdo do Acordo de Lusaka entre o Governo português e a Frelimo, uma parte da população colonial da capital moçambicana revoltou-se contra o que entendia ser uma simples transferência de poder para a Frelimo. Durante quatro dias, a estação de rádio ocupada apelou à revolta e ao apoio das tropas espe­ciais (que não apareceram). Houve massacres de negros nos bairros periféricos. De facto, a revolta foi muito heterogénea, desde a simples indignação da população colonial por não ter sido consultada, até aos grupos ultrafascistas responsáveis pelos massacres. Estes últimos pro­vo­caram uma revolta maciça da população negra, com o perigo de massacres indiscriminados de bran­cos, que acabaram por ser travados por uma ação conjunta entre as tropas portuguesas e a Frelimo. No entanto, é demasiado simplista anali­sar este movimento como uma tenta­tiva de independência à semelhança da Rodésia. Tratava-se, antes, do sonho de um “Novo Brasil”.

João Madeira

José Afonso, no Algarve entre 1958 e 1964, procede à renovação da sua obra musical. Esse processo coincide com a campanha presidencial do general Humberto Delgado, candidato da Oposição. As suas atuações passam também a fazer-se nas associações populares. Foi nesse contexto que compôs “Grândola, Vila Morena”. Depois de Moçambique, entre 1964 e 1967, aprofundada a consciência anticolonial, vai residir para Setúbal. Colaborou com todas as forças antifascistas e apesar de frequentemente identificado com o PCP (Partido Comunista Português), mostra-se próximo da esquerda revolucionária. Simpatiza com a LUAR (Liga de Unidade e Acção Revolucionária), criada em 1967, conhecida pelo assalto ao Banco de Portugal na Figueira da Foz. Após o 25 de Abril, solidário com os trabalhadores e as dinâmicas populares de base, internacionalista, entusiasmou-se com o projeto do Poder Popular, traduzido em muitas das suas canções. A LUAR extinguiu-se em 1976, mas José Afonso manteve-se ativista no campo da esquerda revolucionária, ainda que sem envolvimento partidário.

The main purpose of this study is to demonstrate how students make use of their knowledge about national history, while considering relevant perspectives in history education about the development of historical consciousness. A total of 103 students attending the sixth or the ninth grade in Portuguese schools were asked to ‘spontaneously’ write about the history of Portugal. This allowed the understanding of their historical literacy and the identification of the development of their historical consciousness. The data analysis was mainly based on a qualitative approach inspired by the grounded theory, carried out through a process of coding of the narrative elements in order to find meanings on conceptual trends. Generally, the results suggest the prevalence of similar schematic templates in the students’ narratives. At the same time, the research process highlighted two main categories: the assumption of a certain national identity and the understanding of intertemporal relations for personal orientation. Within the former, students either appear tied to fixed conceptions of the past, more often in the sixth grade, or to present a more historically balanced pattern, although still somewhat ethnocentric. In the latter, the idea of connecting the past and the present appears to be the overall trend, particularly in the ninth grade.

Nathan Berkovits, Ulisses M. Portugal

Using the hybrid formalism with manifest $N=1$ $d=4$ spacetime supersymmetry, we construct the quadratic term in the heterotic superstring field theory action. As in open superstring field theory using the hybrid formalism, the heterotic string field theory action is constructed with three string fields and the massless sector describes $N=1$ $d=10$ supergravity in terms of $N=1$ $d=4$ superfields.

Ezequiel Pascual, Clara Ruvituso

El Festival Horizonte ’82 celebrado en la primavera-verano de 1982 en Berlín occidental fue uno de los mayores eventos culturales centrados en América Latina que tuvo lugar en Europa. Con un despliegue de recursos extraordinarios, Berlín occidental se intentaba posicionar como un espacio de dialogo sur-norte y de apertura en una coyuntura marcada por la etapa final de la Guerra Fría. En el marco de la casi total ausencia de representantes de comunidades indígenas entre los invitados al evento, en este artículo nos proponemos analizar Horizonte ’82 desde la perspectiva analítica de la convivialidad-desigualdad, enfocando en diferentes posicionamientos, entrelazamientos y negociaciones que se desplegaron en torno a la cuestión indígena a partir de intervenciones de etnólogos alemanes y del antropólogo, político y escritor Darcy Ribeiro como “mediador”.

Airam Rodríguez, Elizabeth Atchoi, Beneharo Rodríguez et al.

Abstract Rescue programs aiming to mitigate light‐induced mortality of seabird fledglings have reported that fewer birds are grounded (and rescued) during full moon nights. Two non‐mutually exclusive hypotheses have been proposed as explanations: (1) reduction of strandings because birds are less attracted to and disorientated by light pollution during full moon nights; and (2) reduction of fledging activity, that is, chicks avoid departing the colony during nights with increased moonlight. We argue that evidence from rescue programs and other studies supports the first but not the second hypothesis. The evidence supports the conclusion that a higher proportion of fledglings make it safely to sea during full moon nights than during moonless nights. Thus, there is a decrease in the severity of light pollution on seabirds around the full moon.

Maria Beatriz Merêncio

Jesse Rafeiro, Ana Tomé

This article outlines a pedagogical approach to the virtual reconstruction of the 16th-century Monastery of Madre de Deus, Lisbon, Portugal. The monastery was built upon a former palace in 1509 by Queen D. Leonor. After her death, it underwent several modifications until its present function as the National Tile Museum. These modifications have obscured its history as one of the most significant religious buildings of the Portuguese Renaissance. To recover this lost history, the research uses a pedagogical approach combining previous scholarship, a laser scanning survey, archaeological survey data, written and graphic historical descriptions, and discussions with historians. The article has two principal aims: firstly, to concretize the results of the eight reconstruction projects produced by students using a Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM) methodology. Secondly, to present an alternative model of teaching history and digital technologies. Our research suggests that extending virtual reconstruction research into pedagogy can provide highly original interpretations of complex and contradictory architecture. The approach promotes meaningful collaborations between researchers and cultural institutions while immersing young professionals in the digital tools and current philosophies of architectural heritage.

André Filipe Oliveira da Silva

Despite numerous reviews, and the recent realization of important projects in the field of history and criticism of Orientalism in Portugal, most Portuguese Arabists and Hebraists remain little known or unknown. A broader diversity of sources used for this purpose might offer new data and unexpected clues. This article offers an example: the exploration of the correspondence of several Semitists with Teófilo Braga, a leading figure of Portuguese culture and politics in the late 19th and early 20th century, revealing unrealized teaching projects and experiences, networks of knowledge, contact and influence, and new protagonists.

Renato Portugal, Jalil Khatibi Moqadam

Quantum walk is a useful model to simulate complex quantum systems and to build quantum algorithms; in particular, to develop spatial search algorithms on graphs, which aim to find a marked vertex as quickly as possible. Quantum walks are interesting candidates to be implemented on quantum computers. In this work, we describe efficient circuits that implement the evolution operator of continuous-time quantum-walk-based search algorithms on three graph classes: complete graphs, complete bipartite graphs, and hypercubes. For the class of complete and complete bipartite graphs, the circuits implement the evolution operator exactly. For the class of hypercubes, the circuit implements an approximate evolution operator, which tends to the exact evolution operator when the number of vertices is large. Our Qiskit simulations show that the implementation is successful at finding the marked vertex even for low-dimensional hypercubes.

Andrea Carosso

In this work, I explore the concept of quantization as a mapping from classical phase space functions to quantum operators. I discuss the early history of this notion of quantization with emphasis on the works of Schrödinger and Dirac, and how quantization fit into their overall understanding of quantum theory in the 1920's. Dirac, in particular, proposed a quantization map which should satisfy certain properties, including the property that quantum commutators should be related to classical Poisson brackets in a particular way. However, in 1946, Groenewold proved that Dirac's mapping was inconsistent, making the problem of defining a rigorous quantization map more elusive than originally expected. This result, known as the Groenewold-Van Hove theorem, is not often discussed in physics texts, but here I will give an account of the theorem and what it means for potential "corrections" to Dirac's scheme. Other proposals for quantization have arisen over the years, the first major one being that of Weyl in 1927, which was later developed by many, including Groenewold, and which has since become known as Weyl Quantization in the mathematical literature. Another, known as Geometric Quantization, formulates quantization in differential-geometric terms by appealing to the character of classical phase spaces as symplectic manifolds; this approach began with the work of Souriau, Kostant, and Kirillov in the 1960's. I will describe these proposals for quantization and comment on their relation to Dirac's original program. Along the way, the problem of operator ordering and of quantizing in curvilinear coordinates will be described, since these are natural questions that immediately present themselves when thinking about quantization.

Eugene Bulyak, Nikolay Shul'ga

The ionization losses -- the losses of energy by fast charged particles traveling through a matter -- have been under study for more than 100 years. The theoretical explanation of this process spans similar period. About 75 years ago, Lev Landau published a theoretical paper on the ionization losses, which drastically leveled up the research and still remains amongst the most cited in the field. The present note digests the history of theoretical development and attempts to clarify Landau's method of research and the function named after him.

Arno Thomaes, Sylvie Barbalat, Marco Bardiani et al.

To address the decline in biodiversity, international cooperation in monitoring of threatened species is needed. Citizen science can play a crucial role in achieving this challenging goal, but most citizen science projects have been established at national or regional scales. Here we report on the establishment and initial findings of the European Stag Beetle Monitoring Network (ESBMN), an international network of stag beetle (<i>Lucanus cervus</i>) monitoring schemes using the same protocol. The network, started in 2016, currently includes 14 countries (see results) but with a strong variation in output regarding the number of transects (148 successful transects in total) and transect walks (1735). We found differences across European regions in the number of stag beetles recorded, related to phenology and temperature, but not for time of transect start. Furthermore, the initial experiences of the ESBMN regarding international cooperation, citizen science approach, and drop-out of volunteers is discussed. An international standardised protocol that allows some local variation is essential for international collaboration and data management, and analysis is best performed at the international level, whereas recruiting, training, and maintaining volunteers is best organised locally. In conclusion, we appeal for more joint international citizen science-based monitoring initiatives assisting international red-listing and conservation actions.

Maria Helena Damião

Barak Shoshany, Jared Wogan

In a previous paper, we showed that a class of time travel paradoxes which cannot be resolved using Novikov's self-consistency conjecture can be resolved by assuming the existence of multiple histories or parallel timelines. However, our proof was obtained using a simplistic toy model, which was formulated using contrived laws of physics. In the present paper we define and analyze a new model of time travel paradoxes, which is more compatible with known physics. This model consists of a traversable Morris-Thorne wormhole time machine in 3+1 spacetime dimensions. We define the spacetime topology and geometry of the model, calculate the geodesics of objects passing through the time machine, and prove that this model inevitably leads to paradoxes which cannot be resolved using Novikov's conjecture, but can be resolved using multiple histories. An open-source simulation of our new model using Mathematica is available for download on GitHub. We also provide additional arguments against the Novikov self-consistency conjecture by considering two new paradoxes, the switch paradox and the password paradox, for which assuming self-consistency inevitably leads to counter-intuitive consequences. Our new results provide more substantial support to our claim that if time travel is possible, then multiple histories or parallel timelines must also be possible.