In Polish history, the post-World War II era saw the greatest expansion of new architectural fabric. The public and residential structures that were mass-produced during that period have now attained an age that need restorations, prompting inquiries regarding conservation protection. The preservation of residential structures, which are frequently not updated to meet contemporary requirements, is a particularly delicate topic. The modernization of such assets goes beyond conventional monument preservation. A significant obstacle in this process is the insufficient comprehension of the values inherent in the legacy of post-war architecture, alongside a deficiency in education and advocacy for this history. The article outlines several initiatives implemented in Krakow in recent years to enhance awareness of the significance of post-war architectural heritage. The initiatives related to the Złotego Wieku housing estate in Mistrzejowice district were comprehensive and may provide support for endeavors in Poland and elswhere. Their objective was social mobilization and fostering a sense of pride among their community.
The aim of this study was to assess the quality of images from different UAV sensors in terms of their optical resolution, expressed by the MTF10 parameter. The study was conducted for four cameras: Mavic 3E, Matrice 4E, Phantom 4 RTK and Zenmuse P1, under different weather and lighting conditions, with varying flight altitudes and ISO settings. The Siemens Star pattern and ResolvingPower software provided by The German Aerospace Center (DLR) were used in the analysis. The results showed a significant effect of flight altitude, time of day and ISO sensitivity on image quality. A decrease in sharpness (MTF10) was observed with increasing distance from the image centre and at higher ISO values. The conclusions of the study may be helpful in planning photogrammetric missions using UAVs, enabling better-quality image data.
Chironomid subfossils were analysed at the Čepkeliai palaeolake in southern Lithuania in order to reconstruct the environmental history of the site during the Early Holocene, paying particular attention to climate change. Mean July air temperatures were inferred using two different chironomid–climate calibration data sets. As currently no chironomid-based climate calibration set is available from Lithuania, calibration data sets from Fennoscandia, Finland, and Poland were used instead. Our reconstructions suggest that mean July temperatures varied between 13.2 °C and 18.5 °C during the Early Holocene, similar to present-day temperatures. Both reconstructions show a series of climatic events that occurred during the Early Holocene, including the Preboreal oscillation and the “10.2”, “9.2”, and “8.2” oscillations. The reconstruction results correlate well with those carried out simultaneously in neighbouring countries, providing valuable information for this period, as such studies are still rare in the Eastern Baltic region.
This text is the result of archival research conducted at the Institut national de l’audiovisuel (INA) in Paris. An analysis of the INA archives from the perspective of a Polish film scholar facilitates not only a mapping of the media presence of Polish cinema in French television and radio between 1945 and 1989 but also critical reflections on how an external observer – as represented by the French media – constructed an image of Polish culture, identity, and history. This perspective is particularly significant in the context of a state and a national cinema that operated for decades under conditions of political dependency, restricted access to free markets, and censorship. Research conducted within INA’s archival databases allows for the reconstruction of the evolving French perception of Polish cinema during this period. Moreover, it sheds new light on the function of film as a medium of social communication and as a tool of political semiotics. In this sense, INA emerges not only as a repository of audiovisual resources but also as a mirror reflecting the shifting image of Poland and Polish cinema within the Western media discourse. The text also provides numerous previously unexplored insights for Polish film scholars, particularly regarding Polish filmmakers and their appearances in the French media landscape.
The purpose of the study: The article is devoted to the analysis of the defeat of the Great Horde in 1502 by Mengli-Giray based on Russian and Lithuanian sources, which reflect the perception of contemporaries, their different views on this event from the Russian and Polish-Lithuanian sides.
Research materials: Nikon Chronicle is a chronicle of the 16th century. Vologda-Perm Chronicle is a chronicle of the end of the 15th – first half of the 16th century. The 16th century pictorial vault is a monument of book art containing 17 thousand miniatures. Gustyn Chronicle is a chronicle of the last third of the 17th century, containing information about the history of South-Western Rus’, Lithuania and Poland. Bykhovets Chronicle is a source on the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania until 1506. Monuments of diplomatic relations of Ancient Russia with foreign powers. This source contains ambassadorial letters on relations with the Crimean Khanate.
Results and novelty of the study: the article analyzes the defeat of the Great Horde on the river Sula in 1502 in Russian and Lithuanian sources. It was possible to identify differences in the interpretation of this event. Russian chronicles report on the fall that occurred rather reservedly and assess it from a neutral position. Lithuanian chronicles and annals, on the contrary, sympathize with the Great Horde in the outcome of this battle, and there is clear condemnation of the political leadership of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Differences in the perception of this event are due to the fact that the Great Horde ceased to pose a great danger to the Russian principalities at the beginning of the 16th century, and all attention was focused on relations with the Crimean Khanate. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland tried to build an alliance with the Great Horde, directed against Moscow and Crimea, so all the attention of contemporaries at that time could be focused on relations with it, in addition, the battle took place on the territory that was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The Treatise on Tractatus de duabus Sarmatiis is a source of Polish origin, written by the historian Maciej Miechowita and published in 1517.
Auxiliary sciences of history, History of Civilization
Koncepcja etyki troski opracowana przez Carol Gilligan uznawana jest w ramach teorii feministycznej za oryginalny i interesujący model konstruowania wzorców dziewczyńskiej empatii. Stosując ją jako narzędzie analityczne, pochylam się nad wybranymi modelami narracyjnymi w utworach kultury popularnej, kierowanych przede wszystkim do grona młodych odbiorczyń. Troskę oraz gniew traktuję jako afekty mające olbrzymi wpływ na decyzje podejmowane przez bohaterki serialu Dzicz oraz literacko-filmowej serii Igrzyska śmierci, kierujące się konkretnie troską o bezpieczeństwo najbliższych oraz potrzebą specyficznie postrzeganej sprawiedliwości. Tak budowane strategie narracyjne pozwalają odczytywać nastoletnie bohaterki w sytuacji opresji jako upodmiotowione i sprawcze postaci, zwiększając reprezentatywność postaw niezależnych bohaterek dziewczęcych w kulturze popularnej.
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, History of Poland
The WA Herbarium at the University of Warsaw houses a collection of plants created in 1717 by Matthew Ernest Boretius. They were gathered in former East Prussia, near Angerburg, now Węgorzewo (Poland). It is the oldest plant collection from this part of Europe. Boretius compiled the herbarium as a collection of all the surrounding plants, but their folk names (Polish and German) recorded in the herbarium confirm the ethnobiological or ethnopharmaceutical importance of some species. We identified bryophyte species and checked the accuracy of their original identifications recorded in the herbarium. We provided their Latin (scientific, pre-Linnaean) nomenclature together with German and Polish vernacular names. We contextualised this information within the history of the medicinal use of bryophytes around 1717, when the plant collection was created. We also investigated whether the specimens could have come from Northeastern Poland. Mosses and liverworts from the herbarium were identified nomenclaturally (by means of their original scientific polynomial names written on herbarium sheets) and taxonomically. The herbarium holds two species and one subspecies of liverwort and 27 species and one variety of moss. The accuracy of the original identifications was assessed, with a particular focus on the species considered medicinal at the time. We found that bryophytes were poorly known in the time of Boretius, which was the last period in bryology before the introduction of magnifying devices into this science (this crucial step was made by Dillenius in 1741). The vernacular names used in the herbarium were recorded for <i>Marchantia polymorpha</i> and <i>Polytrichum commune</i>—the only two species with confirmed medicinal use by the year 1717.
The object of this article is a number of Bulgarian linguistic research studies in Poland from the
beginning of the 21st century until today. The aim is to present the new trends manifested in them, related to the aspect of
research and the research methodology. The motive for proceeding to such an overview is dictated by the understanding that
knowing the new realities in the Bulgarian studies helps in planning and implementing the policy of the Bulgarian institutions
regarding the cooperation with Poland. A review of the most significant publications of recent years is made, which shows
that in the Polish Bulgarian studies there is a reorientation of the academic interest - from history to modernity, from the
language system to communication and from "pure" linguistics to cultural and cognitive linguistics. It is also characteristic
that most of the studies are conducted in a comparative Bulgarian-Polish plan. As a proof of this statement, the most significant
publications of Polish researchers of the last two decades are commented on. Among these are scientists from the Polish
Academy of Sciences, Warsaw University, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Silesian University in Katowice, Mariа
Curie-Sklodovska University in Lublin, etc. This reorientation of the academic interest was influenced both by the world
processes of globalization and scientific international integration, and to a large extent by the scientific traditions and modern
scientific schools existing in Poland.
Michael Hermanussen, Christiane Scheffler, Liza Wilke
et al.
Seventeen scientists met for this year’s conference on Auxology held at Krobielowice castle, Poland, to discuss growth and public health concerns. The regulation of growth is complex and besides metabolic and endocrine components including hypothalamic releasing factors, growth hormone and multiple downstream effectors, comprises the full spectrum of the psychosocial, economic and emotional environment including signaling dominance, competence, prestige, or subordination and indulgence, all of this being sensitive to urban or rural lifestyle, the political climate and with marked plasticity throughout history. New statistical techniques (St. Nicolas House Analysis) are presented for analyzing anthropometric variables for public health concerns. The impact of spatial differences on developmental tempo, growth in height, and the prevalence of childhood obesity are discussed as well as the impact of social mobility on obesity, and the benefits of the biopsychosocial status when getting along with socio-economic disasters and the COVID-19 pandemic.
Aim of the paper
The aim of the paper is to answer a question regarding the possibility of using a modern system of real estate cadastre, which as an interoperable spatial database could carry out tasks in the field of public safety
Material and methods
In Poland there is a legal obligation to register history, which gives an opportunity to create a 3D + cadastre. This article presents a method of functioning of a multidimensional cadastre, with data applicable to various fields, e.g. security. The research method includes both an analysis of literature on land and building records as well as a use of GIS tools in network analysis. The research focused on a use of data regarding building interior in regard to public safety. It was realised using available GIS tools.
Conclusions and results
The method of using graphical data related to premises (interior of buildings) presented in this paper extends beyond the currently performed cadastral functions and can be used, for example, to find an escape route. The task was realised with available GIS tools. In Poland, there is a legal obligation to register dates related to real estate, which gives the opportunity to create a 3D + cadastre. So far, there are no legal regulations pertaining to registration of geometrical data of premises and their presentation in a graphical part of a record. Full geometric and descriptive data on plots, buildings and premises can be used as an effective tool in space management: spatial planning, environmental protection, protection of natural resources, development of urbanization, as well as public safety.
Pancomputationalism is quite a wide-ranging concept, but most of its variants, either implicitly or explicitly, rely on Turing’s conceptualizations of a computer and computing, which are obvious anthropomorphisms. This paper questions the concept of pancomputationalism based on Turing computing and asks what concept of computation can be used to avoid the constrains of anthropomorphisations.
The article deals with a popular direction of the migration movement of Ukrainians in the conditions of increasing migration flows from Ukraine, in particular, the migrations of Ukrainians to Germany. The purpose of article is an analysis the current wave of migration from Ukraine to Germany and assessing the prospects for the development of migration processes in this direction. The modern fifth wave of migration from Ukraine to Germany, which began after 2010, stands out as an integral part of the history of Ukrainian migration and differs from the”wage-earning» wave on the grounds that it is characterized also by noneconomic motives of migration. The quantitative and socio-demographic characteristics of Ukrainian migrants, especially the fifth wave, their migration experience, educational level and employment were determined on the basis of an analysis of data from the Federal Office of Statistics of Germany and other sources. Particular attention is paid to highly skilled labour migrants from Ukraine who came to Germany after 2010: the reasons for their migration, sources of access to the German labour market, primarily through the Blue Card program and through the educational channel, are being investigated. Further prospects for labour migration from Ukraine to Germany are evaluated in the context of the new migration law in Germany: done a comparative analysis of the migration attractiveness of Germany and Poland, which has significantly simplified migration from Ukraine, and assessed the possibility of returning migrant workers to Ukraine. It is concluded that a further gradual increase in the number of highly skilled Ukrainians in Germany and the final elimination of the fifth wave of Ukrainian migration is dominated by professionals.
Jerzy Błoszyk, Szymon Konwerski, Joanna Gogol
et al.
Study on the distribution of the Roman snail in the Ślęża Massif was carried out in 2016. The species was recorded at the foot of the Ślęża and Radunia Mountains, on their slopes (to the 300 m a.s.l.) and at the top of the Ślęża Mountain. The slopes of the Ślęża and Radunia Mountains are covered with spruce and beech forests without undergrowth which is unfavorable for this snail. Therefore, we suspect that the population of the species on the top of the Ślęża Mountain is an isolated and the oldest population of Helix pomatia recorded in Poland.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2586109
The Republic of Poland at the Crossroads of Two Cultures
The boundary of the Latin and Orthodox Church in the Piast times was a political border. These two boundaries fostered intensification of cultural differences. Christianity shaped the image of man, state, history, esthetic views as well as religious, social and political customs within two distinct cultures: Latin and Hellenic. On the Orthodox side, the patronage of faith in these areas was more unequivocal. In the times of the First Polish Republic both cultures met in one state. The political factor dominated in Latin American countries. It dictated the methods of action also to the Church. The conflict that was begun by the reign of Władysław Jagiełło and deepened by Sigismund III. Due to the Union of Brest, it triggered the conflict between Poland, Polish and Lithuanian Ruthenia and as a consequence – Moscow. The adaptation that Ruthenia had undergone in the Republic of Poland had far-reaching political, social, economic and cultural consequences. As a result of Moscow’s subsequent consolidation of Ruthenian lands, these processes affected all of these areas in the Moscow State. The conversion that occurred in the Republic of Poland on Ruthenian lands created a foundation for forming Ukrainian identity created by Austria. This fact is perceived in Russia as separatism used in geopolitical interests of many countries, including Poland, against Russia. Jagiellonian Poland that came to existence in the period of confessional tensions in Europe was subjected to internal contradictory cultural trends and political conflicts in the region, whereas Rome made efforts to control Christianity. These circumstances did not create prospects for development of the Republic of Poland.
Joanna Świrska, Dominika Fedurek, Agnieszka Zwolak
et al.
Introduction: The incidence of diabetes increases in Poland and all over the world. Diet is an integral element of diabetes therapy. The knowledge of dietary rules and compliance with them facilitates body mass reduction and improves metabolic parameters of the body thus preventing diabetes’ complications development.
Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge of dietary rules among diabetic patients.
Material and methods: The study included 50 patients with recognized diabetes who were hospitalized in SPSK-4 hospital in Lublin from January to May, 2016. In the study the diagnostic survey was applied.
Results: The knowledge of basic dietary rules in diabetes among the majority of surveyed diabetic patients (64%) was unsatisfactory. The most significant deficit included lack of acquaintance with glycemic index and carbohydrate exchanges thus making it impossible to make use of them in preparing everyday meals. The knowledge of the surveyed patients depended on their educational status, place of residence and age. Unsatisfactory knowledge was found among 82% of patients with primary education vs. 40% with higher education, in 80% with countryside residence vs. 53% residing in town and in 80% of patients aged 31-40 and 41-55 years vs. 50% aged 18-30.
Conclusion: Dietary education is a necessary element of diabetes therapy. Educating patients about diabetic diet should be repeated regularly as even patients with long-standing diabetes history have unsatisfactory knowledge about the dietary rules. Preferably, educating should be individual and adjusted to patient’s age and education.
The article presents a comparative evaluation of quantitative evidence of the living conditions in the Vodlozero region in northern Russia collected in five time periods (1791, 1873, 1905, 1926, 1933) on the basis of the General Land Survey (Generalnoe Mezhevanie of Olonets Gubernia – GMOG), reintroduced into historical research practice, and a thorough examination of the lists of known settlements. Based on the information about the number of households and the dynamics of their habitability over time, as well as on the data pertaining to economic activities of the region’s inhabitants, the author shows the increase of regional potential for social and demographic development from the end of the 18th century until the first third of the 20th century, which enabled the local peasant community to survive through the political upheavals of the first quarter of the 20th century. By showing how the established traditional economic and social practices had evolved over centuries and ensured the sustainability of human and economic resources specific to the natural landscape of the Vodlozero area, the paper offers a retrospective reconstruction of the specifics of the extent of human intervention with nature, as well as social consequences of this process in the long run.
History of Poland, Demography. Population. Vital events
The contents of the article contain an analysis of Benedict XVI’s speech delivered in Auschwitz-Birkenau during his first pilgrimage to Poland in 2006. The author subjects the papal speech to rhetorical analysis, which aims to display reciprocal relations between three most important domains of rhetoric: invention, disposition, and elocution. The author pays particular attention to the arguments that the Pope utilises referring to three sources: the Bible, history, literature and the present. The analogy of these areas, thanks to rhetorical amplification, serves to extract and reveal the depth of historical ideas. The papal speech, filled with biblical references, is a clear lecture of faith and a moving manifesto in honour of good and the need for interpersonal love. According to Benedict XVI, Auschwitz-Birkenau, that he called the largest European cemetery, should become a symbol of hope and reconcili- ation of the nations of modern Europe.