Hasil untuk "Gas industry"

Hao Li, Libo Li, Rui‐Biao Lin et al.

Gases are widely used as energy resources for industry and our daily life. Developing energy cost efficient porous materials for gas storage and separation is of fundamentally and industrially important, and is one of the most important aspects of energy chemistry and materials. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), representing a novel class of porous materials, feature unique pore structure, such as exceptional porosity, tunable pore structures, ready functionalization, which not only enables high density energy storage of clean fuel gas in MOF adsorbents, but also facilitates distinct host-guest interactions and/or sieving effects to differentiate different molecules for energy-efficient separation economy. In this review, we summarize and highlight the recent advances in the arena of gas storage and separation using MOFs as adsorbents, including progresses in MOF-based membranes for gas separation, which could afford broader concepts to the current status and challenges in this field.

Wei-hsin Chen, C. Chen

Abstract The water gas shift reaction is an important and commonly employed reaction in the industry. In the water gas shift reaction, hydrogen is produced from water or steam while carbon monoxide is converted into carbon dioxide. Over the years, on account of the progress in hydrogen energy and carbon capture and storage for developing alternative fuels and mitigating the atmospheric greenhouse effect, the water gas shift reaction has become a crucial route to simultaneously reach the requirements of hydrogen production and carbon dioxide enrichment, thereby enhancing CO2 capture. This article provides a comprehensive review of the research progress in the water gas shift reaction, with particular attention paid to the thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics. The performance of the water gas shift reaction highly depends on the adopted catalysts whose progress in recent years is extensively reviewed. The behaviors of the water gas shift reaction in special environments are also illustrated, several cases have the ability to proceed with water gas shift reaction without any catalyst. The utilization of several separation technologies on the water gas shift reaction such as carbon capture and storage and membrane reactors for purifying hydrogen and enriching carbon dioxide will be addressed as well. Reviewing past studies suggests that separating hydrogen and carbon dioxide in the product gas from the water gas shift reaction can not only increase efficiency but also enhance the usability for further application. The CO conversion is beyond the thermodynamic limitation after applying membrane for the water gas shift reaction.

D. Mallapragada, Y. Dvorkin, M. Modestino et al.

The chemical industry is a major source of economic productivity and employment globally and among the top 3 industrial sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, along with steel and cement. As global demand for chemical products continues to grow, there is an urgency to develop and deploy sustainable chemical production pathways and re-consider continued investment in current emission-intensive production technologies. This Perspective describes the challenges and opportunities to decarbonize the chemical industry via electrification powered by the low-emission electric power sector, both in the near-term and long-term, and discusses four technological pathways ranging from the more mature direct substitution of heat with electricity and use of hydrogen to technologically less mature, yet potentially more selective approaches based on electrochemistry and plasma. Finally, we highlight the key elements of integrating an electrified industrial process with the power sector to leverage process flexibility to reduce energy costs of chemical production and provide valuable power grid support services. Unlocking

Neeraj Goel, K. Kunal, Aditya Kushwaha et al.

The usage of the gas sensor has been increasing very rapidly in the industry and in daily life for various potential applications. In the recent years, metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) become the primary choice for designing highly sensitive, stable, and low‐cost real‐life applications‐based gas sensors due to their inherent physical and chemical properties. Researchers have proposed numerous sensing mechanisms to explain the functionality of MOS‐based gas sensors. In this review, we have comprehensively covered different sensing mechanisms used for MOS. We have also discussed different parameters affecting the sensitivity and selectivity of the gas sensors. Moreover, the different techniques used to enhance the gas sensing response of MOS‐based sensors are also extensively covered. And finally, we give our prospective on recent opportunities and challenges on the future applications of MOS‐based gas sensors.

Yiqian Liu, Hao Lu, Yudong Li et al.

Offshore oil and gas production is increasingly growing popular globally. Produced water (PW), which is the largest byproduct of oil and gas production, is a complex mixture of dissolved and undissolved organic and inorganic substances. PW contributes considerably to oil pollution in the offshore petroleum and gas industry owing to the organic substances, which mainly include hydrocarbons; this is a major concern to researchers because of the long-term adverse effects on the ecosystem. Since the development of offshore petroleum and gas industry, the PW treatment process has been classified into pretreatment, standard-reaching treatment, and advanced purification treatment based on the characteristics of PW and has been coupled with the environmental, economic, and regulatory considerations. The mechanism, design principle, application, and development of conventional technologies for PW treatment, such as gravity and enhanced gravity sedimentation, hydrocyclone, gas flotation, and medium filtration, are summarized in this study. Novel methods for further application, such as tubular separation, combined fibers coalescence, and membrane separation, are also discussed. Enhancement of treatment with multiple physical fields and environmentally friendly chemical agents, coupled with information control technology, would be the preferred PW treatment approach in the future. Moreover, the PW treatment system should be green, efficient, secure, and intelligent to satisfy the large-scale, unmanned, and abyssal exploration of offshore oil and gas production in the future.

Oliver Ruhnau, Clemens Stiewe, Jarusch Muessel et al.

Yang Guan, Qingyou Liu, Tao Huang et al.

To address the challenges of rapid bit failure and high drilling costs associated with hard limestone in Sichuan Basin of China, we conducted rock-breaking experiments and simulations of shaped (cylindrical, ridge, and chopper) cutters. Rock mechanics, drillability, and acoustic emission indentation tests revealed the drilling resistance characteristics of the limestone: average uniaxial compressive strength of 202.472 MPa, tensile strength of 7.092 MPa, and drillability of 7.866. We evaluated the performance differences between the shaped cutters before introducing an efficient and innovative finite-discrete-infinite element method (FDIEM) to establish an interaction model between the shaped cutters and limestone. The simulation results indicated the following: (1) The shaped cutters demonstrated superior rock-breaking performance compared to the traditional cylindrical cutter. (2) Compared with the cylindrical cutter, the ridge cutter yielded the lowest peak indentation force and mechanical specific energy, with reductions of 8.71 % and 33.83 %, respectively. This confirmed that the ridge cutter had the optimal tooth profile for the target formation. Its rock-breaking mechanism relied on the convex edges to induce localized high stress in the rock, which enabled efficient rock fragmentation via a plowing mode while mitigating frictional resistance from cuttings. (3) The novel chopper cutter with its secondary step surface exerted a buffering effect on the cuttings, thereby achieving high cutting stability. This study provides theoretical and technical support for the design of personalized drill bits and the acceleration of the rate of penetration (ROP) in deep hard rock formations.

Jorge Saldana

Samuel Willard, Sasha Gennet, Tori Anderson et al.

Abstract Grazing lands in the United States are the foundation of a $140 billion ruminant livestock production industry in the United States (U.S.) and management of these range and pasture lands holds strong support from government programs. This paper reviews current published literature to identify which land management practices have beneficial ecosystem and climate outcomes for carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas drawdown. We examined practices defined by the National Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) to provide an assessment for conservation planners and ranchers in the U.S., while noting that the application of these practices can vary across landscapes. Data needs are extensive and outcomes for some management practices are mixed, but practices including wetland restoration and pasture and hay planting have clear climate benefits and should be incentivized.

ZHANG JIN, ZHANG FENGQI, ZOU YANRONG et al.

Helium is a rare inert gas with indispensable applications in defense, aerospace, and medicine. However, helium resources available for use in China are extremely limited. To date, no independently accumulated helium resources have been found. Helium is primarily found in two forms: natural gas-associated and geothermal water-dissolved. This study focused on two typical basins—the Hangjinqi area in the northern Ordos Basin and the Weihe Basin—to investigate the genesis of helium. Helium isotope mass spectrometry analysis, rock radioactive element analysis and other methods were conducted to test the assgciated gas, core samples and potential helium source rock in the surrounding areas of the study area. The results show that helium in the Hangjinqi area in the northern Ordos Basin is typically crust-derived. While in Weihe Basin, high volume fractions of mantle-derived helium (up to 6.959%) were detected near deep-seated faults penetrating the basement, such as the Baoji-Xianyang fault and the Piedmont Fault of the Qinling Mountains. Both basins are located on the southwestern margin of the North China Plate and share a basement composed mainly of Archean-Proterozoic metamorphic-granite complexes, which serve as the main source rocks of helium formation. In addition, the main source rocks for helium gas in the Weihe Basin also include the uranium-rich granites of the Yanshanian period around the periphery and the concealed granitic bodies of the same period in the deep part of the basin. Due to the low mass fractions of U and Th elements or the low helium gas content of the desorbed gas in the basement sedimentary rock complexes, they cannot be regarded as the main source rocks for helium gas. The formation, migration and accumulation of helium gas in both areas are controlled by the source rocks and faults, and are closely related to the distribution of deep-seated fault zones. These findings provide a scientific basis for the further exploration and development of helium resources in the Weihe and northern Ordos basins.

Farrukh Rafiq

Abstract This study investigates the influence of environmental servant leadership on green innovation, emphasizing the mediating role of corporate environmental ethics. As global industries increasingly prioritize sustainability, understanding leadership's role in fostering environmentally responsible innovation becomes essential. Data were collected from 448 employees working in the oil, gas, and petrochemical industries in Saudi Arabia, sectors known for their environmental impact and evolving sustainability practices. The study employs structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS 24 software to analyze the hypothesized relationships. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between environmental servant leadership and corporate environmental ethics, highlighting the critical role leadership plays in shaping ethical environmental practices within organizations. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that corporate environmental ethics significantly enhance green innovation, suggesting that fostering a strong ethical culture can drive sustainable innovation. The mediating analysis confirms that corporate environmental ethics partially mediate the relationship between environmental servant leadership and green innovation, underscoring the importance of ethical frameworks in translating leadership efforts into innovative outcomes. This study provides valuable insights for industry leaders, policymakers, and environmental strategists by showcasing how leadership and ethical practices can jointly promote sustainable innovation.

Riana Reinecke, Riana Reinecke, James N. Blignaut et al.

The dairy farming industry is an important contributor to both South Africa’s economy and food security. However, dairy in South Africa, like elsewhere in the world, has come under scrutiny because of animal welfare concerns and contributions to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To address GHG mitigation, we have constructed a farm-level system dynamics model to assess both the emissions, and capture and storage of carbon (C) on farms, to determine whether farms are net emitters of C (i.e., sources) or sequestrators (i.e., sinks). We have considered nutrient flows, the type and volume of feed, the effluent management system, various parameters relating to the herd dynamics, and the overall effect on the farm economy. The resulting online Dairy Environment Sustainability Tool (DESTiny) can help dairy farmers adopt sustainable practices, as well as improve competitiveness and financial sustainability while reducing the farm’s emissions profile, thereby building value-chain and consumer trust. DESTiny can be considered a science-informed evidence-based tool for estimating, monitoring and understanding nutrient and C flows in dairy production systems. It is also a web-based tool (see https://assetresearch.org.za/destiny-tool/) with a user-interface which allows remote users, researchers, practitioners, farmers and technicians ease of access while integrating the system dynamics models with on-farm realities.

Sediono Sediono, Toha Saifudin, Maria Setya Dewanti et al.

Natural gas is a key energy commodity with significant global economic impact, and its pricing is influenced by factors like weather, energy policies, geopolitics, and supply-demand balance. The Russia-Ukraine conflict disrupted Russia’s gas exports, causing price volatility and affecting global markets, including Indonesia. This has heightened the need for accurate price prediction to support policy and investment decisions. Previous studies show ARIMA-GARCH models predict well but need pulse function intervention for sudden shocks. This study aims to apply pulse function intervention analysis, which captures the immediate effects of external events on time-series data, to improve the precision of natural gas price forecasts, aiding government and industry decision-makers. The optimal intervention model for predicting natural gas prices on the New York Mercantile Exchange is the Probabilistic ARIMA (0,2,1) with a pulse function intervention order of b=0, r=2, and s=0. Using this model with the pulse function intervention approach yields consistent fluctuation patterns over time and achieves a MAPE value of 12.2586%, indicating that the model provides good predictive accuracy.

Yurii Stupak, Valerii Balakin, Tetiana Khokhlova et al.

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to substantiate the possibility of improving the educational program for training bachelors in metallurgy through the analysis of global trends in the development of the metallurgical industry and the appropriate adaptation of the educational program components content in agreement with representatives of the industry employers. Results. The directions of metallurgy development in the world and in Ukraine, which are determined by the refusal to use fossil fuels and the transition to alternative energy sources in order to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, are considered. It is demonstrated that Ukraine’s European integration course and support for the EU climate policy require urgent technical re-equipment of metallurgical enterprises, the introduction of resource-saving technologies with minimal GHG emissions, the transition to the production of iron and steel using hydrogen, etc. It is established that the specified restructuring of the industry requires adjustment of the content of specialists training for the relevant industries. It is shown that the corresponding adjustment of the educational program is most effective under the condition of close cooperation with representatives of the industry-employers. Scientific novelty. Elements of a methodology for monitoring and adjusting the educational program for training specialists in higher education are proposed. The proposed approach is based on a combination of an analysis of the development trends of the relevant industry with the wishes of industry representatives (employers) regarding the list, content, and scope of components of the relevant educational program. Practical value. The proposed approach can be applied to improve any educational programs for training specialists for various industries and allows for effective monitoring in order to improve the quality of specialist training and maximise satisfaction of the employers and the labor market requirements.

WANG Huating, CHEN Heng, XU Gang et al.

The energy saving and emission reduction transformation of thermal power enterprises can reduce the coal consumption of thermal power supply, and then effectively reduce the growth of carbon dioxide emissions, which is of great significance to achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutralization. Taking a 630 MW unit as an example, the system units of four waste heat utilization schemes (low-temperature economizer scheme, secondary low-temperature economizer scheme, bypass flue scheme and turbine boiler coupling scheme) were compared, and the key technical parameters and power saving effect were compared and analyzed. Moreover, a reference for the upgrading and technical transformation of energy conservation and emission reduction in China’s power industry was put forward. The results show that the exhaust gas temperature is reduced to 90 ℃, The coal consumption rate of power supply is reduced by 1.88 g/(kW⋅h) in the low-temperature economizer scheme, 2.16 g/(kW⋅h) in the secondary low-temperature economizer scheme, 2.29 g/(kW⋅h) in the bypass flue scheme, and 2.66 g/(kW⋅h) in the turbine boiler coupling scheme.

Amine Elbouzidi, Mohamed Taibi, Naoufal El Hachlafi et al.

The optimization of existing natural antioxidants that are highly effective is crucial for advancements in medicine and the food industry. Due to growing concerns regarding the safety of synthetic antioxidants, researchers are increasingly focusing on natural sources, particularly essential oils (EOs). Combining EOs might enhance antioxidant activity due to increased chemical diversity. This study investigates, for the first time, the antioxidant properties of EOs from <i>Lavandula dentata</i>, <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i>, and <i>Myrtus communis</i>, both individually and in combination, using the augmented-simplex design methodology. The in vitro evaluation of the antioxidant activity was performed using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. Chromatography gas-mass spectrometry (CG-MS) revealed that 1,8-cineol (37.27%) and pinocarveol (12.67%) are the primary components of <i>L. dentata</i>; verbenone (16.90%), camphor (15.00%), and camphene (11.03%) are predominant in <i>R. officinalis</i>; while cineol (43.32%) is the main component of M. communis. The EOs showed varying scavenging activities against ABTS and DPPH radicals, with DPPH assay values ranging from 194.10 ± 3.01 to 541.19 ± 3.72 µg/mL and ABTS assay values ranging from 134.07 ± 1.70 to 663.42 ± 2.99 µg/mL. These activities were enhanced when the EOs were combined. The optimal antioxidant blend for DPPH_IC50 consisted of 20% <i>L. dentata</i>, 50% <i>R. officinalis</i>, and 30% <i>M. communis</i>. For the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity, the best combination was 18% <i>L. dentata</i>, 43% <i>R. officinalis</i>, and 40% <i>M. communis</i>. These results highlight the potential of EO combinations as new natural formulations for use in cosmeceutical, food, and pharmaceutical sectors.

CHEN Minfeng,QIN Lifeng,ZHAO Kang,WANG Yiwen

For designing effective injection and production well spacing in low permeability reservoirs, it's essential to consider the pressure-sensitive effects arising from various pressure changes during the operation of injection and production wells, along with the impact of changes in the start-up pressure gradient. This study builds upon the basic seepage laws of low-permeability reservoirs to establish a seepage equation that incorporates the effects of the starting pressure gradient and pressure sensitivity. Utilizing the stable successive substitution method, the study examines the pressure distribution and the mechanism of reserve production under typical injection-production patterns. Based on the different requirements of the daily output of oil wells in an actual oil fields, a method for solving the effective injection-production well spacing of low-permeability pressure sensitive reservoir is determined. The study shows that, using the pressure sensitivity of the injection and production well area as a benchmark, there is a notable difference in the calculated results for well spacing when compared with scenarios where pressure sensitivity is either not considered or only considered for the production well area. Specifically, these differences are +9.8 % and -20.6 % under the same conditions. Considering the production limit requirements, the effective injection-production well spacing is about 0.7 ~ 0.9 times of the limit injection-production well spacing under normal conditions, which can better guide the reasonable deployment of the development well pattern of low permeability pressure sensitive reservoirs.

Patrick Bangert

Karan Sotoodeh