La catenaria se introdujo en España a través de la Academia de Matemáticas (1720) para la formación de los ingenieros militares borbónicos, utilizando la obra de Bernard Forest de Bélidor. A partir del inventario de 271 proyectos de polvorines, se han identificado 37 casos de bóvedas construidas con una relación flecha/luz (f>1/2 l), clasificadas como apuntadas (T-2) y de sección especial (T-4). El estudio geométrico de estas representaciones gráficas, trazadas mediante ojivas y óvalos, revela que sus centros están situados por debajo de la imposta. Como resultado, el ángulo de incidencia sobre el paramento vertical es menor de 90º, c una propiedad geométrica que comparten con las bóvedas catenarias. Dadas las consideraciones de Frézier en La théorie et la pratique de la coupe de pierres (1738) sobre la congruencia estructural de estas figuras, se concluye que el sistema gráfico empleado por los ingenieros militares hispánicos constituye un intento simplificado de representar la geometría estructural de la bóveda catenaria.
In this paper, I discuss Nowa Ruda and the Kłodzko region as viewed by Karol Maliszewski and represented in his poetry, from his earliest poems written in the second half of the 1980s to his latest poetry collections. My argument revolves around the key concept of a field humanist on which Maliszewski relied to define himself (and his I-speaker). This notion brings together the various social functions Maliszewski performed and the responsibilities he took as a literature scholar, a teacher, a local community member and, above all, a poet producing local verses. These challenges find a suitable generic correspondence in the leporello, an inspiring form as it resists both the writer and the reader since the whole must be first unfolded and studied before attention is eventually devoted to a small fragment the way Maliszewski does.
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, Arts in general
Accurate, global Potential Energy Surfaces (PES) expressed in sum-of-products (SOP) form are a prerequisite for efficient high-dimensional quantum dynamics simulations using the MCTDH method. This work introduces a methodology for constructing such surfaces by combining hierarchical sparse grid sampling with a single-layer neural network using sinusoidal activation functions (sinNN). The sparse grid strategy provides a rigorous, unbiased discretization of the configuration space, enabling systematic improvability of the PES fidelity, where accuracy is strictly controlled by the refinement level, while successfully mitigating the curse of dimensionality. The sinNN fitting approach leverages a trigonometric factorization identity to maintain a compact SOP form, offering superior numerical stability compared to standard exponential-based networks (expNN) for the systems investigated. The flexibility of the sparse grid methodology is demonstrated through a dual-reference strategy, where grids centered on distinct isomers are merged to eliminate topological bias. This optimized sampling yields a global PES that reproduces fundamental vibrational transition energies for both trans- and cis-HONO with spectroscopic precision (< 2.5 cm-1) and high data efficiency. Finally, the methodology is applied to fit potential energies computed via the AI-enhanced quantum mechanical method AIQM2. The resulting AIQM2-based PES for HONO reproduces experimental vibrational frequencies with a root mean square deviation of about 16 cm-1, a performance comparable to high-level ab initio methods. The robustness of the approach is further confirmed on larger molecules, formic acid (HCOOH) and carbamic acid (H2NCOOH), establishing the combination of sparse grid sampling and sinNN fitting as a powerful, automated tool for generating topologically sound, spectroscopic-quality potential energy surfaces.
Luigi Vessella, Antonio Laurìa, Gianluca Belli
et al.
The research presented here represents an 'experiment' in the application of the methodology of the Accessibility Plan to the monumental complex of the Opera di Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence. The goal of the research is to attempt to increase the degree of accessibility of the complex through an innovative medium and long-term strategic planning tool that takes into consideration not only tangible aspects (physical and sensory accessibility) but also intangible aspects, thus enabling people to fully visit and understand the cultural significance of the locations, with a focus on the experiential aspect of the visit. In other words, the ultimate objective of the research presented here is to identify ways to enhance the usability and accessibility conditions of the spaces within the monumental complex of the Opera di Santa Maria del Fiore, harmonizing the requirements of heritage preservation with those of accessibility.
With the continuous fermentation of the thought of intelligence, artificial intelligence has extended its tentacles into the field of artistic creation and has begun to try intelligent creation. Painting creation based on artificial intelligence is called “intelligent painting.” For oil paintings, the computational language is a relatively complicated description. How to correctly identify the computational language of oil paintings is essential for establishing a large oil painting database. This paper constructs a meaningful learning similarity measure and multiclassification model based on the CCNN model to realize the classification of oil painting language. A cropped CNN model is used to extract language features, and on this basis, oil painting works are cross-compared and multiclassified. This method realizes the classification of oil painting language and the corresponding painter and achieves superior accuracy. This paper constructs a data classification method based on small samples, measures similarity through cross-comparison, and provides a measuring approach for classifying the language of oil paintings. The CCNN model proposed combines the best classification results of oil painting language, which improves the accuracy of oil painting language classification. Moreover, it further enriches the methods of oil painting language classification and image recognition under computational intelligence.
This article examines the meanings of the past which Aalto wanted to transpose into his architecture – what I term cultural memory. I search for their points of origin in Aalto’s education and travels, in particular his impressions of the Acropolis in Athens. For Aalto, a civic centre was “the face of a city”, which should be the citizens’ meeting place. Of particular importance to him was the ritual entry into a theatre. Of the many civic centres that Aalto designed, few were realised in their entirety. Three of them are examined, as well as the Helsinki University of Technology campus, which is interpreted as a city in miniature. Aalto fought against the idea of placing commercial functions in close proximity with his centres – but recent extensions and traffic arrangements have brought a new vibrancy to some of them. The way in which Aalto handled the idea of memory and his use of classical elements is studied. I argue that classicism seemed continuously attractive to Aalto.
Mohamad El Gindy, Omar Abdel Aziz, Diaa Eldin Daoud
Ceramics is one of the most important artistic handcrafts that were known for Arab Artists since Islam appeared to life. The main reason of this was the role that ceramics played in fulfilling the idea of Islamic civilization on different sides. One of the most important reasons that helped in demonstrating Islamic ceramics was the fact that the main idea of Islam is to be humble, forgiving and unsophisticated, all of this contradicted previous lives of Arabs which were full of entertainment and luxury, and expensive materials in daily life like gold and silver. For that reason, ceramic art was so popular for Arab Artists who were able to achieve marvelous results using new techniques on all levels.Alternatively, Islamic ceramics fulfilled different other sides of people’s daily needs either private or public, as Islamic Ceramists made tiles in different shapes, in order to use them in covering walls, in addition to cups, plates, bowls, vases, jugs, water bottles, and other vessels for different uses. And what was so obvious was that Islamic ceramics manufacturing was developed and has significantly improved since Islam entered new regions and countries, having very good reputation in making ceramics such as in Iran, Iraq, Egypt and El-Sham countries.For that, the idea of this research came out to light trying to get some benefits of Islamic ceramics, by trying to use some of very known ceramic shapes and having new contemporaneous solutions to treat its outer surface, like using Luster glazes reduction and Raku.
This document is the Snowmass summary report for the Public Policy & Government Engagement topical group within the Community Engagement Frontier. This report discusses how the U.S. High Energy Physics (HEP) community currently engages with government at all levels and provides recommendations for how the execution of these actives can be improved and for how the scope of existing activities can be expanded. This includes the current HEP Congressional government engagement "DC trip", materials produced for communication with government officials, government engagement in areas other than HEP funding, and interactions with the funding agencies, Executive Office of the President, and state and local governments.
Real policy emphasizes that states seek to achieve their interests and objectives by focusing on the concept of political conflict for control. As the Iranian role in the region increases and its strength increases, European countries seek to limit Iran's role in the region, weaken its nuclear file, force it to return to negotiations, prevent an arms race on the level of weapons of mass destruction and advanced missiles. In the European Union to be the only sources to secure nuclear fuel for energy plants, and this is consistent with the interests and objectives of European countries.
The desire of countries to remain in the position of competition and to refrain from the use of force because it is counterproductive, as a desire to remain in the system, and this explains the European policy towards Iran, which is the imposition of economic sanctions rather than the use of military force for fear of adverse consequences, The sanctions have had a major impact on the Iranian economy, which has led to a geopolitical challenge, resulting in a stifling economic crisis, as well as negative repercussions on the relationship between Europe and Iran. Europe has long sought to make this relationship good as a form of support for anti-US states. The European Union's desire to play a balanced role in the US role in a multi-polar world as well as securing the flow of Iranian oil to it and widening the circle of Iranian revenues from European goods.
These sanctions have had a major impact on the Iranian economy, which has caused it to suffer a geopolitical challenge. This has resulted in a crippling economic crisis characterized by a general budget deficit, rising inflation, low economic growth and the accumulation of foreign debt, mostly due to Europe. The dollar and the euro, the lack of foreign investment inside Iran and the decline of exports of the two most important sectors, oil and gas as the basic structure of the Iranian economy.
The US dimension to the path of European economic sanctions on Iran, especially after Trump takes over as president, is that the EU can not ignore US policy toward Iran because of its economic and geosynthetic interests with the United States, which require a transatlantic common ground with Iran.
Fine Arts, History (General) and history of Europe
In this article we solve this ancient problem of perfect tuning in all keys and present a system were all harmonies are conserved at once. It will become clear, when we expose our solution, why this solution could not be found in the way in which earlier on musicians and scientist have been approaching the problem. We follow indeed a different approach. We first construct a mathematical representation of the complete harmony by means of a vector space, where the different tones are represented in complete harmonic way for all keys at once. One of the essential differences with earlier systems is that tones will no longer be ordered within an octave, and we find the octave-like ordering back as a projection of our system. But it is exactly by this projection procedure that the possibility to create a harmonic system for all keys at once is lost. So we see why the old way of ordering tones within an octave could not lead to a solution of the problem. We indicate in which way a real musical instrument could be built that realizes our harmonic scheme. Because tones are no longer ordered within an octave such a musical instrument will be rather unconventional. It is however a physically realizable musical instrument, at least for the Pythagorean harmony. We also indicate how perfect harmonies of every dimension could be realized by computers.
This article explores the relationship between “permanent” exhibitions and political flux. Offering a close reading of London’s Commonwealth Institute and its intriguing gallery floor plan of 1969, it considers the interaction between display, exhibition graphics, and imperial change. While the British Empire crumbled (reforming in more clandestine guises), and new nation-building programmes took place around the world, the Commonwealth Institute became a dynamic site of neo-imperial and nationalist agendas, with diplomats, designers, and educators from Asia and beyond all working to re-territorialise, redistribute, and challenge British hegemony. Through this history of the Commonwealth and its exhibitions, the article offers broader lessons on the possibilities and limits of an exhibition’s ephemeral archive, the embodied, fragile nature of exhibition making, and the limits of ‘decolonisation’ as a productive term in the current drive to develop socially just exhibitions.
Yearslong time series of high-precision brightness measurements have been assembled for thousands of stars with telescopes operating in space. Such data have allowed astronomers to measure the physics of stellar interiors via nonradial oscillations, opening a new avenue to study the stars in the Universe. Asteroseismology, the interpretation of the characteristics of oscillation modes in terms of the physical properties of the stellar interior, brought entirely new insights in how stars rotate and how they build up their chemistry throughout their evolution. Data-driven space asteroseismology delivered a drastic increase in the reliability of computer models mimicking the evolution of stars born with a variety of masses and metallicities. Such models are critical ingredients for modern physics as a whole, because they are used throughout various contemporary and multidisciplinary research fields in space science, including the search for life outside the solar system, archaeological studies of the Milky Way, and the study of single and binary supernova progenitors, among which are future gravitational wave sources. The specific role and potential of asteroseismology for those modern research fields are illustrated. The review concludes with current limitations of asteroseismology and highlights how they can be overcome with ongoing and future large infrastructures for survey astronomy combined with new theoretical research in the era of high-performance computing. This review presents results obtained through major community efforts over the past decade. These breakthroughs were achieved in a collaborative and inclusive spirit that is characteristic of the asteroseismology community. The review's aim is to make this research field accessible to graduate students and readers coming from other fields of physics, with incentives to join future applications in this domain of astrophysics.
Este ensaio expõe o sentido da proposição especulativa “arte contemporânea é arte pós-conceitual”. Partindo de uma elaboração conceitual do contemporâneo como uma forma disjuntiva do tempo histórico (como ideia, problema, ficção, e realidade globalmente transnacional), ele passa a dar um relato das convergências e mudanças que se reforçam mutualmente no caráter da obra de arte e nas relações sociais dos espaços artísticos. Trata-se da tradução da conferência realizada na Fondazione Antonio Ratti, Villa Sucota, Roma, Itália, em 9 de Julho de 2010.
María Victoria Mercado, Gustavo Barea, Alfredo Esteves
et al.
El enfriamiento pasivo a través de la ventilación natural presenta un gran potencial para viviendas unifamiliares en climas templados continentales como lo es la ciudad de Mendoza, ubicada al centro oeste de la República Argentina. Esta estrategia persigue el fin de evitar riesgos de sobrecalentamiento y reducir el consumo de energía de los equipos de acondicionamiento mecánico. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la influencia en el consumo energético, en dos escenarios de ventilación (diurna y nocturna) para dos resoluciones constructivas (liviana y másica). Para ello se usó un modelo computacional de una vivienda unifmaliar, modelado y ajustado en el programa Energy Plus v8.6. Para el modelado de la ventilación natural se utilizó “AirFlowNetwork” (algoritmo AIRNET) validado por (Gu, Lixing). Los resultados indican que, tanto en la construcción másica como en la liviana, con ventilación nocturna los consumos energéticos son menores en 50% que ventilando de día. La ventilación natural en edificios bioclimáticos resulta una estrategia indispensable para el enfriamiento del mismo. En esta situación radica la importancia de contar con una herramienta de simulación para el ensayo de diferentes escenarios de uso y control de la misma.
Architecture, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology