Hasil untuk "Environmental effects of industries and plants"

Rania Al-Tohamy, S. Ali, Fang-Chun Li et al.

The synthetic dyes used in the textile industry pollute a large amount of water. Textile dyes do not bind tightly to the fabric and are discharged as effluent into the aquatic environment. As a result, the continuous discharge of wastewater from a large number of textile industries without prior treatment has significant negative consequences on the environment and human health. Textile dyes contaminate aquatic habitats and have the potential to be toxic to aquatic organisms, which may enter the food chain. This review will discuss the effects of textile dyes on water bodies, aquatic flora, and human health. Textile dyes degrade the esthetic quality of bodies of water by increasing biochemical and chemical oxygen demand, impairing photosynthesis, inhibiting plant growth, entering the food chain, providing recalcitrance and bioaccumulation, and potentially promoting toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity. Therefore, dye-containing wastewater should be effectively treated using eco-friendly technologies to avoid negative effects on the environment, human health, and natural water resources. This review compares the most recent technologies which are commonly used to remove dye from textile wastewater, with a focus on the advantages and drawbacks of these various approaches. This review is expected to spark great interest among the research community who wish to combat the widespread risk of toxic organic pollutants generated by the textile industries.

M. Ayilara, O. Babalola

The growing rate of urbanization and industrialization has led to an increase in several types of pollution caused by the release of toxic chemicals to the environment. This is usually perpetuated by the manufacturing industry (e.g. detergent and dye), agricultural sectors (e.g. fertilizers and pesticides), mining industry (e.g. cyanide and sulphuric acid) and construction companies (e.g. cement and metals). These pollutants have adverse effects on the health of plants, animals, and humans. They also lead to the destruction of the microbial population in both aquatic and the terrestrial regions, and hence, have necessitated the need for remediation. Although different remediation methods, such as the physical and chemical methods, have been adopted for years, however, the drawbacks and challenges associated with them have promoted the use of an alternative which is bioremediation. Bioremediation involves using biological agents such as plants and microbes to remove or lessen the effects of environmental pollutants. Of the two, microbes are more utilized primarily because of their rapid growth and ability to be easily manipulated, thus enhancing their function as agents of bioremediation. Different groups of bacteria, fungi and algae have been employed to clean up various environmental pollutants. This review discusses the types, mechanisms, and factors affecting microbial bioremediation. It also recommends possible steps that could be taken to promote the use of microbes as bioremediation agents.

Ricardo O'Nascimento, Bruna Petreca, Morag Seaton et al.

The fashion industry faces urgent challenges related to overconsumption, material waste, and consumer detachment from garment lifecycles. While circular economy (CE) principles offer a promising alternative, strategies that actively engage consumers in circular practices remain underexplored. This study presents the Circular Shirt Builder (CSB), a physical apparel configurator designed to promote circular behaviours through modular garment design and embodied customisation. Using a Living Lab methodology, 19 participants engaged with the CSB in a stakeholder engagement platform in a retail-like setting, assembling modular shirts from a predefined library of components. The study employed a dual analysis approach: inductive thematic analysis and a deductive evaluation using the wellbeing framework for consumer experiences in the circular economy of the textile industry. Findings suggest that the CSB can foster emotional attachment, support learning about garment construction, encourage creative self-expression, and prompt reflection on consumption habits. Several wellbeing dimensions, such as playfulness, agency, and prospective thinking, appeared to be activated through the hands-on interaction. This research indicated that configurator tools grounded in circular and wellbeing principles may support long-term product use, more mindful consumption, and greater consumer involvement in transitions toward a circular textile economy.

Matthias Wolf, Kai Rüdele, Christian Ramsauer

The Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and its reporting standard ESRS E1 impose detailed greenhouse gas (GHG) disclosure and reduction requirements that many manufacturing SMEs struggle to operationalize. However, little empirical evidence exists on the gap between European reporting ambitions and the realistically achievable GHG reductions in manufacturing SMEs. This study reports on an eight-month action-research collaboration with two Austrian SMEs to co-develop a five-stage GHG accounting and reduction framework that guides SMEs from initially encountered lack of knowledge, resources, and data, over a baseline balance sheet to ESRS-aligned actionable decarbonization plans. In case 1, a full Scope 1–3 baseline of 9.200 tCO2eq was compiled, leading to a 2030 forecast of 10.817 tCO2eq. Planned engineering measures and anticipated supply chain improvements reduced this by 44%, meeting near-term science-based targets. In case 2, overcoming accounting complexities, gaps in data systems, and unknown product-use emissions, a 2023 baseline of 62.990 tCO2eq was calculated, with 85% from downstream product use. Despite internal energy and logistics measures and supply chain gains totaling 2.549 tCO2eq, projected 2030 emissions (84.216 tCO2eq) remain well above Scope 3 reduction targets. The cross-case comparison reveals a persistent “GHG reduction gap” between ESRS-aligned trajectories and what SMEs can achieve given resource and data limitations. Our framework demonstrates how SMEs can systematically account for emissions and prioritize mitigation measures across energy, materials, and mobility to derive decarbonization paths. Scenario planning for GHG inventories revealed where ambition outpaces engineering reality. Implications highlight the importance of data ownership, custom templates, digital data capture, and scenario planning to translate ESRS E1 into practice, overcoming GHG accounting challenges and the reduction gap.

Changning Li, M. Awasthi, Jie Liu et al.

Tetracycline has been widely used in the intensive livestock and poultry breeding industry to prevent and treat infectious diseases or promote animal growth. Usually, about 40.0-90.0% of tetracycline is excreted in the form of original drugs or metabolites and finally enters the surrounding water and soil, causing a series of eco-toxic effects. In this review, the toxic effects on plants, soil animals, and microorganisms are systematically reviewed. The migration and degradation mechanisms of tetracycline are emphasized, which are closely related to the physical and chemical properties of soil. In addition, the residual tetracycline in soil and water can be efficiently degraded by "plant-microorganism". Based on summarizing the current research progress, this review puts forward some important problems to be solved in the study of tetracycline residue and looks forward to the future research direction.

Mrunal Nannaware, Neelaambhigai Mayilswamy, B. Kandasubramanian

Ashutosh Dash, Giridhari Mohanta

Sustainable Financial Consumerism (SFC) encapsulates long-term financial well-being and social equity. Despite its critical importance, the interplay between various determinants of SFC particularly in alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), remains limited. This study fills a salient gap by employing structural equation model to explain the determinants of SFC, focusing on the exogenous variables such as financial literacy and awareness (FLA), artificial intelligence (AI), and financial product quality (FPQ). Utilizing the data collected from the rural households of selected aspirations districts in India, the study investigates the moderating effect of FLA in shaping SFC. By identifying financial literacy awareness as a direct influencer and a moderator, the findings offer actionable insights for stakeholders to design more targeted strategies for promoting sustainable financial practice and rational decision-making. The research highlights the potential of leveraging AI and social media to deliver personalized, engaging, and accessible financial education tailored to diverse demographics. Moreover, the study underscores the importance of collaboration among financial institutions, technology providers, and educational agencies to build an ecosystem that advances financial literacy (SDG 4), and promote sustainable financial behaviour for inclusive economic growth (SDG 8). Such multi-stakeholder partnerships also align with SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals), fostering synergies that enhances broader sustainability objectives.

Agusalim Masulili, Rini Suryani, Edi Kurniadi

Degraded alluvial soil that is commonly used for growing ginger (Zingiber officinale) has many issues, such as deficiency in nutrients. To increase the yield of ginger, proper fertilizers along with soil improvement techniques must be employed. In this case, the study analyzed the combined effects of rice husk biochar and Mahkota NPK fertilizer on the yield and growth of ginger in alluvial soil. The study was performed using a completely randomized design arranged with two treatment factors. The first factor was the application of rice husk biochar consisting of three different levels: s1 (5 t/ha), s2 (10 t/ha), and s3 (15 t/ha). The second factor was the application of Mahkota NPK fertilizer consisting of three levels: m1 (50 kg/ha), m2 (150 kg/ha), and m3 (250 kg/ha). The results of this study showed that the treatment combination of rice husk biochar and Mahkota NPK fertilizer was highly significant in improving bulk density, total porosity, pH, organic C, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and potassium of the Alluvial soil. The interaction also greatly affected plant growth in terms of height, tiller formation, and weight of fresh rhizomes. However, the number of leaves remained uninfluenced. The highest yield was obtained with s2m3 treatment (10 t/ha rice husk biochar and 250 kg/ha NPK fertilizer). From this result, it can be suggested that the application of rice husk biochar in combination with Mahkota NPK fertilizer has the potential to remedy degraded alluvial soils and improve the growth and yield of ginger in the soils.

Susana Toboso-Chavero, Filippos K. Zisopoulos, Martin de Jong et al.

The comprehensive sustainability assessment of urban waste management systems (UWMSs) is crucial for understanding the impact of current and future city strategies aimed at improving circularity and inclusion in cities. In this study we propose a framework for conceptualizing the inclusive circular city (ICC), and we review specifically scientific literature on methodological tools and trends in integrated sustainability assessments (ISAs) of UWMSs. Of the 145 publications reviewed, only 10 % concurrently evaluated social, environmental, and economic aspects, and just 2 % incorporated circularity and inclusion metrics. Publications focusing simultaneously either on social and environmental dimensions or economic and environmental dimensions accounted for 3 % and 17 % of studies, respectively, while 70 % adopted a single-dimensional approach. A notable proportion of studies focused exclusively on environmental impact assessment, predominantly employing life cycle assessment or indicators such as carbon footprint. Social assessments were notably less prevalent, comprising only 20 % of studies. Stakeholder engagement and inclusion metrics were considered in 20 % and 5 % of the publications, respectively. In terms of R strategies, 65 % of the studies concentrated on recycling and recovery, targeting mainly municipal solid waste. To advance our knowledge on ISAs of UWMSs and improve our understanding of their embeddedness in ICCs, future research should: (a) focus on multidimensional, transdisciplinary assessments with an emphasis on strong sustainability-oriented methodologies by including circularity and inclusion metrics; (b) prioritize inclusion and active stakeholder participation in collaborative knowledge creation; and (c) shift the focus from conventional waste recycling and recovery to ambitious circular strategies that retain resources in closed-loop systems.

K. Sharir and R. Roslee

This study investigates the trends and processes of flooding in Kota Belud, Sabah, Malaysia, following the 2015 Ranau Earthquake. The earthquake caused landslides that altered river systems and significantly impacted flood patterns. Using an interdisciplinary methodology, we examined geological processes, river morphology, sediment dynamics, and erosion mechanisms to understand the correlation between geological forces and flooding. The investigation spanned a decade (2010-2020), revealing an increase in flood incidents post-earthquake. Key findings include the impact of sediment dynamics on river behavior, the role of river morphology, and the importance of erosion and sedimentation in flood timing. This research offers valuable insights into disaster management strategies, emphasizing the need for understanding geological influences on flood susceptibility.

Tesya Paramita Putri, Arry Retnowati, Bayu Dwi Apri Nugroho et al.

Land use changes and rainfall can trigger inundation. This study aimed to observe the dynamics of spatial patterns of temporal flood vulnerability due to rainfall and land use changes using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) Model. Flood vulnerability was assessed using 12 environmental variables, including elevation, slope gradient, slope direction, slope curvature, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), flow density, distance from rivers, distance from roads, soil texture, soil aggregates, rainfall, and land use. Rainfall and land use were dynamic variables analyzed in 2013-2023. Past flood occurrence points were obtained using the participatory mapping method. Temporal flood vulnerability mapping in 2013, 2018, and 2023 showed the influence of elevation, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), and distance from rivers, which were very dominant. Typically, the flood vulnerability pattern formed showed a percentage of moderate (13%), high (17%), and very high (5%) class areas consistently clustered in the southern region. An interesting finding is that rainfall changes have a more significant influence (7.2%), causing the dynamics of high and very high-class vulnerability patterns, compared to the influence of land use changes (0.4%). MaxEnt's flood vulnerability prediction accuracy is classified as very good, as evidenced by its AUC values of 0.835 in 2013, 0.819 in 2018, and 0.824 in 2023. Finally, the findings showed that the accuracy of the MaxEnt Model is classified as very good, so it can be extrapolated globally with similar regional typologies.

Mohammadreza Narimani, Ali Hajiahmad, Ali Moghimi et al.

Controlling environmental conditions and monitoring plant status in greenhouses is critical to promptly making appropriate management decisions aimed at promoting crop production. The primary objective of this research study was to develop and test a smart aeroponic greenhouse on an experimental scale where the status of Geranium plant and environmental conditions are continuously monitored through the integration of the internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI). An IoT-based platform was developed to control the environmental conditions of plants more efficiently and provide insights to users to make informed management decisions. In addition, we developed an AI-based disease detection framework using VGG-19, InceptionResNetV2, and InceptionV3 algorithms to analyze the images captured periodically after an intentional inoculation. The performance of the AI framework was compared with an expert's evaluation of disease status. Preliminary results showed that the IoT system implemented in the greenhouse environment is able to publish data such as temperature, humidity, water flow, and volume of charge tanks online continuously to users and adjust the controlled parameters to provide an optimal growth environment for the plants. Furthermore, the results of the AI framework demonstrate that the VGG-19 algorithm was able to identify drought stress and rust leaves from healthy leaves with the highest accuracy, 92% among the other algorithms.

Till Aust, Christoph Karl Heck, Eduard Buss et al.

We present a bio-hybrid environmental sensor system that integrates natural plants and embedded deep learning for real-time, on-device detection of temperature and ozone level changes. Our system, based on the low-power PhytoNode platform, records electric differential potential signals from Hedera helix and processes them onboard using an embedded deep learning model. We demonstrate that our sensing device detects changes in temperature and ozone with good sensitivity of up to 0.98. Daily and inter-plant variability, as well as limited precision, could be mitigated by incorporating additional training data, which is readily integrable in our data-driven framework. Our approach also has potential to scale to new environmental factors and plant species. By integrating embedded deep learning onboard our biological sensing device, we offer a new, low-power solution for continuous environmental monitoring and potentially other fields of application.

Babett Greff, András Sáhó, E. Lakatos et al.

Soil-borne phytopathogens can have detrimental effects on both cereal and horticultural crops resulting in serious losses worldwide. Due to their high efficiency and easy applicability, synthetic pesticides are still the primary choice in modern plant disease control systems, but stringent regulations and increasing environmental concerns make the search for sustainable alternatives more pressing than ever. In addition to the incorporation of botanicals into agricultural practices, the diversification of cropping systems with aromatic and medicinal plants is also an effective tool to control plant diseases through providing nutrients and shaping soil microbial communities. However, these techniques are not universally accepted and may negatively affect soil fertility if their application is not thoroughly controlled. Because the biocontrol potential of aromatic and medicinal plants has been extensively examined over the past decades, the present study aims to overview the recent literature concerning the biopesticide effect of secondary metabolites derived from aromatic and medicinal plants on important soil-borne plant pathogens including bacteria, fungi, and nematodes. Most of the investigated herbs belong to the family of Lamiaceae (e.g., Origanum spp., Salvia spp., Thymus spp., Mentha spp., etc.) and have been associated with potent antimicrobial activity, primarily due to their chemical constituents. The most frequently tested organisms include fungi, such as Rhizoctonia spp., Fusarium spp., and Phytophthora spp., which may be highly persistent in soil. Despite the intense research efforts dedicated to the development of plant-based pesticides, only a few species of aromatic herbs are utilized for the production of commercial formulations due to inconsistent efficiency, lack of field verification, costs, and prolonged authorization requirements. However, recycling the wastes from aromatic and medicinal plant-utilizing industries may offer an economically feasible way to improve soil health and reduce environmental burdens at the same time. Overall, this review provides comprehensive knowledge on the efficiency of aromatic herb-based plant protection techniques, and it also highlights the importance of exploiting the residues generated by aromatic plant-utilizing sectors as part of agro-industrial processes.

Jia Xu, Yayuan Zhang, Mengke Zhang et al.

Summer-autumn tea is characterized by high polyphenol content and low amino acid content, resulting in bitter and astringent teast. However, these qualities often lead to low economic benefits, ultimately resulting in a wastage of tea resources. The study focused on evaluating the effects of foliar spraying of glucosamine selenium (GLN-Se) on summer-autumn tea. This foliar fertilizer was applied to tea leaves to assess its impact on plant development, nutritional quality, elemental uptake, organoleptic quality, and antioxidant responses. The results revealed that GlcN-Se enhanced photosynthesis and yield by improving the antioxidant system. Additionally, the concentration of GlcN-Se positively correlated with the total and organic selenium contents in tea. The foliar application of GlcN-Se reduced toxic heavy metal content and increased the levels of macronutrients and micronutrients, which facilitated adaptation to environmental changes and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, GlcN-Se significantly improved both non-volatile and volatile components of tea leaves, resulting in a sweet aftertaste and nectar aroma in the tea soup. To conclude, the accurate and rational application of exogenous GlcN-Se can effectively enhance the selenium content and biochemical status of tea. This improvement leads to enhanced nutritional quality and sensory characteristics, making it highly significant for the tea industry.

Ardiansyah Ramadhan, H. Jumhur, F. Nur

Law Number 32 of 2009 Article 57, paragraph 4C that one of the preservations of atmosphere functions regulate efforts to protect against acid rain. One of the effects of acid rain is soil damage to plants, such as what happened to paddy plants. In Indonesia, paddy is one of the priority food sources, but every year, it decreases in several regions. Aims: This study aimed at acid rain's anticipated impact on paddy plants in this case study Bandung Regency. Methodology and results: The approach method in this study is a normative juridical approach, using primary data sources obtained through interviews and journal literature. Then, secondary data from legal literature were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The study results show that the Bandung Regency Environmental Service has enforced the law. However, violations still occur by industry and society through vehicle emissions, coupled with the increase in population. One of the efforts to formulate policies to anticipate acid rain in paddy plants is to establish sanctions for violators who still pollute the environment, apply catalytic converters to vehicle exhausts that have the potential to remove NOx, carry out measurements at groundwater measurement stations, water quality information systems (manual or real-time). In addition, the irrigation policy for river water flowing on agricultural land with existing laws is being improved. Conclusion, significance, and impact study: Anticipating the impact of acid rain on rice requires various approaches, both technical and non-technical, as well as further analysis from various policy sectors.

P. M. Sanka, D. B. Mmasi

Tsai-Chi Kuo, Hsiang-Yue Chen, Billy Chong et al.

Biogas is a kind of renewable energy resource and can be burned to produce electricity and heat. If methane is released directly into the air, it would be a very serious source of GHG emissions. Therefore, capturing and recycling methane for power generation would not only significantly reduce industrial greenhouse gas emissions, but also reduce the need to purchase electricity.In addition, with the Net Zero in 2050 initiative and circular economy, more academic and industry research investigate the biogas energy. However, the cost and carbon footprint of biogas energy is varied with the technologies. In this research, the As-Is (biomass waste treatment) and To-Be (biomass waste to energy) model is compared. It shows it is worth to do the investment of bioenergy system for the farm to reduce the GHG emissions if the carbon tax is added. However, the cost of bioenergy facilities will influence the income. A case study is also illustrated to provide the biogas energy production for the government policy.

Mohamed Debbagh, Yixue Liu, Zhouzhou Zheng et al.

A plant growth simulation can be characterized as a reconstructed visual representation of a plant or plant system. The phenotypic characteristics and plant structures are controlled by the scene environment and other contextual attributes. Considering the temporal dependencies and compounding effects of various factors on growth trajectories, we formulate a probabilistic approach to the simulation task by solving a frame synthesis and pattern recognition problem. We introduce a sequence-informed plant growth simulation framework (SI-PGS) that employs a conditional generative model to implicitly learn a distribution of possible plant representations within a dynamic scene from a fusion of low-dimensional temporal sensor and context data. Methods such as controlled latent sampling and recurrent output connections are used to improve coherence in the plant structures between frames of prediction. In this work, we demonstrate that SI-PGS is able to capture temporal dependencies and continuously generate realistic frames of plant growth.

Bisma Hilal, T. Khan, Q. Fariduddin

Adverse environmental constraints such as drought, heat, cold, salinity, and heavy metal toxicity are the primary concerns of the agricultural industry across the globe, as these stresses negatively affect yield and quality of crop production and therefore can be a major threat to world food security. Recently, it has been demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which is well-known as a gasotransmitter in animals, also plays a potent role in various growth and developmental processes in plants. H2S, as a potent signaling molecule, is involved in several plant processes such as in the regulation of stomatal pore movements, seed germination, photosynthesis and plant adaptation to environmental stress through gene regulation, post-translation modification of proteins and redox homeostasis. Moreover, a number of experimental studies have revealed that H2S could improve the adaptation capabilities of plants against diverse environmental constraints by mitigating the toxic and damaging effects triggered by stressful environments. An attempt has been made to uncover recent development in the biosynthetic and metabolic pathways of H2S and various physiological functions modulated in plants, H2S donors, their functional mechanism, and application in plants. Specifically, our focus has been on how H2S is involved in combating the destructive effects of abiotic stresses and its role in persulfidation. Furthermore, we have comprehensively elucidated the crosstalk of H2S with plant growth regulators.