Hasil untuk "Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering"

Ahmad Syahrul Mohd Roslan, N. Zulkifli

This literature review explores the advancements in renewable energy technologies within the field of electrical engineering, driven by the increasing demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly energy solutions. Employing a qualitative literature review approach, the study examines scholarly sources from 2015 to 2024 to identify key technical innovations in energy storage systems, power electronics, smart grid integration, and the application of artificial intelligence in energy management. The findings reveal significant improvements in inverter design, battery energy storage systems, and the adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), all contributing to enhanced reliability, efficiency, and flexibility of renewable energy systems. Despite these advancements, challenges such as grid synchronization, power fluctuations, and system integration persist, requiring adaptive and innovative engineering solutions. This review highlights the vital role of electrical engineering in accelerating the global energy transition through an interdisciplinary approach that bridges theoretical foundations with technological applications.

Ruicong Xu, A. Sharma, Zeeshan Ahmed et al.

Willian Borges De Lemos, Lucas De Angelo Martins Ribeiro, Vanessa Telles Da Silva et al.

Graph embeddings map graph-structured data into vector spaces for machine learning tasks. In Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), these embeddings are computed through message passing and support tasks such as node classification, link prediction and community detection across several application domains. Prior reviews and benchmarking studies often focus on accuracy or scalability alone and do not examine structural preservation or the effect of model design on network distortion. This limits comparability and leaves open questions on how embeddings reflect graph topology in GNNs models. This topical review examines how graph embeddings are generated within GNN architectures and how model design choices affect both classification performance and graph structural preservation. The present work introduces a benchmarking framework that evaluates GNNs across different dimensions, including local and global structure preservation, complex relationships and scalability. The framework uses distortion metrics, automated parameter search and sensitivity analysis to provide a more complete view of model behavior. A controlled set of experiments was conducted using shared datasets and common hyperparameter spaces. The results show that GAT maintains stable performance across configurations, whereas GCN and GraphSAGE are more sensitive to parameter choices. The main takeaway is that reliable benchmarking of GNN-based embeddings requires a multidimensional analysis. Model behavior varies across datasets, and no architecture performs better across all conditions.

Urslla Uchechi Izuazu, Cosmas Ifeanyi Nwakanma, Dong-Seong Kim et al.

Abstract Deep learning-based intrusion detection systems (DL-IDS) have proven effective in detecting cyber threats. However, their vulnerability to adversarial attacks and environmental noise, particularly in industrial settings, limits practical application. Current IDS models often assume ideal conditions, overlooking noise and adversarial manipulations, leading to degraded performance when deployed in real-world environments. Additionally, the black-box nature of DL model complicates decision-making, especially in industrial control systems (ICS) network, where understanding model behavior is crucial. This paper introduces the eXplainable Cyber-Threat Detection Framework (XC-TDF), a novel solution designed to overcome these challenges. XC-TDF enhances robustness against noise and adversarial attacks using regularization and adversarial training respectively, and also improves transparency through an eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) module. Simulation results demonstrate its effectiveness, showing resilience to perturbation by achieving commendable accuracy of 100% and 99.4% on the Wustl-IIoT2021 and Edge-IIoT datasets, respectively.

Guguloth Nagesh, M. Venkatesh Naik, Dogga Raveendhra et al.

In DC microgrids, efficient power extraction and an effective energy management strategy (EMS) are crucial when integrating multiple power sources. This study presents a novel Four-Port Converter (FPC) configuration designed to extract power from photovoltaic (PV), battery, and fuel cell (FC) sources while employing an advanced EMS to manage energy distribution and meet the demand of DC loads. The proposed FPC features two unidirectional input ports to accommodate renewable energy sources (RESs) and one bidirectional port for integrating an energy storage device (ESD) within a unified configuration. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the converter’s operation, exploring various operating modes for optimal power extraction and energy management from PV, battery, and FC sources. To achieve this, a closed-loop control strategy, along with the EMS, is implemented. Mathematical modeling and simulations demonstrate that this unified configuration ensures efficient, cost-effective, and uninterrupted power transfer among PV, FC, ESD, and the DC link. The design offers advantages such as a simplified structure, a lower component count, higher voltage gain, and reduced voltage stress on power semiconductors while effectively managing power flow among the sources. Both simulation and experimental results validate the feasibility of the proposed converter, highlighting its operational characteristics under different states and energy management modes. A laboratory prototype of the system was developed for a 60 V, 200 W load to assess the power extraction and energy management performance. The results confirm that the converter achieves an average efficiency of 93.86%. Additionally; a comparative analysis with existing four-port topologies and efficiency evaluations across various operating modes is presented. The findings demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed system in terms of higher voltage gain, lower switching losses, and reduced diode stress.

M. R. Kalibek, A. D. Ospanova, B. Suleimenova et al.

Murugan Ramu, Maria Priya P, R. Nippatla et al.

The manufacturing sector plays a significant role in the global economy. However, it confronts various problems, including inefficiencies in electrical and electronics engineering employment. Ineffectiveness causes interruptions, increased costs, and lost production. Device training strategic management can improve the planning and implementation of electrical and electronics sector activities in the building sector. This investigation aims to use technology to improve the effectiveness of electrical and electronics design initiatives in the manufacturing sector. The study will focus on designing and implementing electronic device mastery methods to improve plan organizing, fabric purchasing, and system usage. The capacity to use statistical analysis to detect and reduce risks associated with activities involving electric and electronic design will even be examined in this study. The anticipated outcome of this study is the creation of a set of strategies for the application of machine learning techniques to maximize electrical and electronics design initiatives in the building sector. Business executives, developers, and other shareholders in the creative business who are interested in increasing productivity and lowering costs associated with their work will find these recommendations useful. By investigating how system research strategies might improve electrical and electronics design activities, this research work typically seeks to support ongoing attempts to increase the productivity and effectiveness of the manufacturing industry.

Xia Lian, Yuexin Li

D. Tang, O. Cretu, Shinsuke Ishihara et al.

Dzihan Khilmi Ayu Firdausi, Muhammad Eka Mardyansyah Simbolon, Indra Dwisaputra et al.

This study aims to develop a novel "sit and reach test" flexometer device utilizing a linear potentiometer sensor to quantitatively evaluate an individual's body flexibility. The innovation in this research lies in the utilization of electronic means to measure flexibility, replacing conventional manual methods. The device employs a linear potentiometer sensor that translates analog voltage into a digital value (ADC) and subsequently converts the digital data into distance measurements in centimeters (cm). The processed data, representing the distance measurements, is wirelessly transmitted to a personal computer (PC) for automatic capture and analysis. The design considerations prioritize modernity, practicality, effectiveness, and efficiency. The experimental outcomes demonstrate the efficacy of the developed tool. The readings from the linear potentiometer sensor exhibit a high linearity, indicated by an R2 value of 0.9999. The average error percentage is minimal, measuring at 0.17%. Moreover, the device allows for direct wireless transmission of data to a PC immediately after assessing an athlete's flexibility. This study not only introduces a novel electronic approach for assessing body flexibility but also validates its accuracy and efficiency through comprehensive testing and analysis.

Franko Pandžić, Ivan Sudić, Tomislav Capuder et al.

Abstract The cost for covering active power losses makes a significant item in transmission system operators (TSO) annual budgets, and still it received limited attention in the existing literature. The focus of accurate power loss forecasting and procurement is of high increase during the past 2 years due to spikes in electricity prices, making the cost of covering the active power losses a dominant factor of TSO operational costs. This paper presents practical aspects of the highly accurate models for transmission loss forecast in the day ahead time frame for the Croatian transmission system. The contributions are two‐fold: 1) Practical insights into usable TSO data are provided, filling a critical research gap and a foundational literature review is established on transmission loss forecasting. 2) A novel method utilizing only electricity transit data as input which outperforms existing practices is presented. For this, several algorithms such as gradient boosted decision tree model (XGB), support vector regressors, multiple linear regression and fully connected feedforward artificial neural networks are developed, and implemented and validated on data obtained from the Croatian TSO. The results show that the XGB model outperforms current TSO model by 32% for 4 months of comparison and TSCNET's commercial solution by 25% during a year‐long testing period. The developed XGB model is also implemented as a software tool and put into everyday operation with the Croatian TSO.

GANG Fa-yuan, SONG Zhi-jun, DING You-qian et al.

Alkali residue was dissolved by the ammonium hydrogen fluoride method, in which the uranium content is determined to be (16.7±0.3)%(n=6) by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-AES). By means of XRD and SEM-EDS, the main uranium occurrence form of alkali residue was determined. It includes UO3, fluoride(CaF2, NaF, MgF2, UF4, etc), SiO2-P2O5-UO3, Cr2O3-Fe2O3 and other solid melts, and the forms of UO3 being wrapped by the above solid melts. Using TBP-HNO3 as complexing agent, the effects of various parameters were investigated on the lab-scale supercritical CO2 fluid extraction facility. The extraction parameters are optimized: the particle size is 0.250-0.420 mm, saturated Al(NO3)3 solution of w=25% alkali residue is used as salting agent, the mole ratio of TBP-HNO3/U is ≥50, the extraction temperature is 50 ℃ and the pressure is 20 MPa. Under these conditions, the extraction rate of uranium in the alkali residue reaches as high as 98.5% within 2 h. This work provides a new method for the recovery of uranium in alkali residue.

C. López Pérez, T. Marchhart, A. Marin et al.

Liquid lithium wettability has been investigated on novel zirconium-alloyed porous tungsten fabricated by the place-holder spark plasma sintering technique. This paper investigates the wetting properties of liquid lithium on the substrates by in vacuo contact angle measurements of lithium droplets at Penn State’s IGNIS-2 facility. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy analysis was performed on the samples to investigate the role of the surface chemistry in the contact angle behavior of lithium on the substrates. It was seen that hydrated and hydroxylated states of the surface play a key role in affecting the lithium affinity of the surface.

Artūrs Bogdanovs, Alexander Bubovich, I. Galkin

This paper shows a case study of an interdisciplinary project-based learning approach implementation for undergraduate electrical engineering students at Riga Technical University. A group of students have been selected for participation in a voluntary project with a complex interdisciplinary task of multi-level inverter laboratory prototype design. The students involved in a project have successfully solved the problems of inverter prototype printed circuit board design, component selection, converter layout design, board and prototype assembly and testing. The selected group of students have shown a significant professional, social and job-related skill development, higher competence in printed circuit board design, power electronics and general electrical engineering, as well as higher confidence in their problem-solving abilities in comparison with two other reference student groups. The described pilot project is evaluated as useful, effective and essential for future undergraduate electrical engineering students; hence, it is recommended to include the project module as a compulsory or voluntary course in the electrical engineering study programs at Riga Technical University.

Fátima Monteiro, F. Coutinho

Electrical Engineering is one of the classic areas of engineering belonging to the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics group. Typically, an Electrical Engineering study cycle assumes a solid background in the areas of mathematics and physics, and covers various topics such as: energy production systems, analog and digital electronics, automation, control, telecommunications, maintenance, computer programming, robotics, among many others. Despite the high employability and the important role of Electrical Engineering in contemporary society, there is currently a significant decrease in student demand for these programmes in several countries. In Portugal, there are several programmes in the general area of Electrical Engineering or equivalent, some more generalist and others with a more focused scope, and with diverse designations. The aim of the study presented in this paper is to characterize the evolution of student demand for Electrical Engineering programmes in higher education institutions in Portugal. In recent decades, Portuguese higher education has undergone major changes and expansions that have led to a large number of programmes, designations and specializations. In view of this, this study intends to investigate impacting factors such as decreasing demand due to dispersion of candidates over many programmes or a potential reduction in the overall attractiveness of the area. For this purpose, the demand is analysed, taking into account aspects such as the type of teaching subsystem (polytechnic and university), geographical localization, programme type, access to higher education conditions, and access classifications, among others. The study regards the chronological evolution over a decade. The results show a significant decrease of interest in Electrical Engineering programmes, which is a serious problem for the future of the profession.

Edwin Marte Zorrilla, Reymi Then

The context of this work lies in the higher education institutions current situation in the Dominican Republic and the efforts carried out by the main actors and their effort to continue teaching virtually as a measure due to universities lockdownd due to COVID-19 pandemic. For this study, the subject of electronics II, from the Electronic Engineering Major at a university in the northern region of the country, has been selected. This subject covers theoretical content on a wide variety of electronic devices, and is complemented by laboratory classes that allow the use and practical experimentation of these devices. In this work we have hypothesized "that the academic performance of the students on this subject improves and that the withdrawal rate decreases under the virtual modality". Correlation and independent t-tests were performed for quantitative analysis between students' performance and the rate of withdrawals according to the teaching modality. Results show that both student performance and the withdrawal rate are affected, decreasing for performance and increasing for the withdrawal rate respectively. Future works are recommended to explore the factors that lead to these results. © 2022 Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions. All rights reserved.

Jie Yu, Yawen Dai, Zhenbao Zhang et al.

Abstract Rational construction of carbon‐based materials with high‐efficiency bifunctionality and low cost as the substitute of precious metal catalyst shows a highly practical value for rechargeable Zn‐air batteries (ZABs) yet it still remains challenging. Herein, this study employs a simple mixing‐calcination strategy to fabricate a high‐performance bifunctional composite catalyst composed of N‐doped graphitic carbon encapsulating Co nanoparticles (Co@NrC). Benefiting from the core‐shell architectural and compositional advantages of favorable electronic configuration, more exposed active sites, sufficient electric conductivity, rich defects, and excellent charge transport, the optimal Co@NrC hybrid (Co@NrC‐0.3) presents outstanding catalytic activity and stability toward oxygen‐related electrochemical reactions (oxygen reduction and evolution reactions, i.e., ORR and OER), with a low potential gap of 0.766 V. Besides, the rechargeable liquid ZAB assembled with this hybrid electrocatalyst delivers a high peak power density of 168 mW cm−2, a small initial discharge‐charge potential gap of 0.45 V at 10 mA cm−2, and a good rate performance. Furthermore, a relatively large power density of 108 mW cm−2 is also obtained with the Co@NrC‐0.3‐based flexible solid‐state ZAB, which can well power LED lights. Such work offers insights in developing excellent bifunctional electrocatalysts for both OER and ORR and highlights their potential applications in metal‐air batteries and other energy‐conversion/storage devices.

The proceedings contain 53 papers. The topics discussed include: learning to predict what humans look at: computational visual attention model for specific category;big data visualization analysis: distribution of COVID-19 mortality and vaccination in the US;edge computing based abnormal behavior learning for mental disorder detection through UAV surveillance;DCCRGAN: deep complex convolution recurrent generator adversarial network for speech enhancement;document image forgery detection based on deep learning models;pattern recognition in games using process mining;coupling analysis of autonomous vehicles and road safety;a generative adversarial constraint encoder-decoder model for the text summarization;automated parsing of credit reports integrating banking knowledge in low-resource scenarios;custom writing catalytic tracks for selective pattern metallization on flexible substrate;global context aggregation network for temporal action proposal generation;and weakly-supervised audiovisual network for video saliency estimation.

F. A. Menezes, R. L. Rodrigues, Deepesh S. Kanchan

: Electrical Engineering Education needs the students to have prior knowledge of mathematical tools and analytical skills which warrants the need for collaborative learning. This paper explores the impact of collaborative learning strategies on the academic performance of students in electrical and electronics engineering. The purpose of this paper is to assess the learning of students in courses with a high quotient of analytical thinking and reasoning. The objective is to enhance the learning of students through creative and collaborative activities designed to ignite young minds. Homogeneous groups were formed and instructions related to collaborative activity were read out in class and made available on the learning management system. Students are given five to eight days for submission of results, interim evaluation, and preparation of presentation which is assessed based on published rubrics. The impact of collaborative learning strategies discussed in this paper is targeted towards the positive growth of individual students acquiring technical and managerial skills. The technical training conducted for students necessitates them to have prerequisite knowledge of foundation courses. It is observed that the students who have experienced collaborative learning methods have performed better during technical training. The collaborative activities have shown a positive response from students in the classroom and their performance in exams has improved. Group activities like chart-making, case-based learning, project-based learning and role play exercise can be planned for few topics in any engineering course design to ignite young minds towards technical topics discussed in theoretical courses with no practical content.

M. I. Baranov, S. Buriakovskyi, V. Kniaziev

Goal. Development of engineering method for settlement of threshold amplitudes Impk of single-pulse current ip(t) of different temporal shapes for electric wires and cables with polyethylene (PET), polyvinylchloride (PVC) and rubber (R) half-length insulation, used in modern pulsed power engineering, electrical engineering and electronics in their low- and high-current circuits. Methodology. Basis of the theoretical and applied electrical engineering, electrical power engineering, electrophysics bases of technique of high-voltage and large pulsed currents, bases of low- and high-current electronics, measuring technique, electromagnetic compatibility and standardization. Results. Development of engineering method is executed on close calculation determination of threshold amplitudes Impk of single-pulse axial-flow current ip(t) of different temporal shapes for electric wires and cables with copper (aluminum) current-carrying parts and PET, PVC and R half-length insulation, used in the ow- and high-current circuits of pulsed electrical power engineering, electrical engineering and electronics. Electrothermal resistibility of half-length insulation of the examined cable and wire products (CWP), proper maximum to the possible temperatures of heating of current-carrying and insulating parts of the probed wires and cables and shutting out the offensive of the phenomenon destruction in the indicated insulation of CWP, was fixed based on this method. Calculation analytical correlations are obtained for finding in probed CWP of threshold numeral values of Impk amplitudes of pulses of current ip(t), time-varying both on aperiodic dependence of type τf/τp with duration of their front τf and duration of their pulses τp and by law of exponential attenuation sinewave. It is shown that at Imp>Impk destruction of their half-length insulation, resulting in the decline of service life of CWP, will come from the thermal overheat of current-carrying parts of the examined electric wires and cables. The examples of practical application of the offered method are resulted upon settlement for a radiofrequency coaxial cable RC 50-4-11 with middle sizes is easily soiled with continuous PET insulation of threshold amplitudes of Impk of standard aperiodic pulses of current ip(t) from nano-, micro- and millisecond temporal ranges of shape of τf/τp=5 ns/200 ns, τf/τp=10 μs/350 μs and τf/τp=7 ms/160 ms. It is shown that with the proper growth of parameter τp>>τf for flow on a continuous copper tendon and split copper shell of radiofrequency coaxial cable RC 50-4-11 with middle sizes is easily soiled indicated homopolar pulses of current ip(t) substantial diminishing of their threshold amplitudes of Impk (with 531,2 кА for the nanosecond pulse of current of type 5 ns/200 ns to 1.84 кА for the millisecond impulse of current of type of 7 ms/160 ms takes place). Originality. An engineering method is first developed for close settlement of threshold numeral values of Impk amplitudes of single-pulse axial-flow current ip(t) of arbitrary peak-temporal parameters for electric wires and cables with copper (aluminum) current-carrying parts and PET, PVC and R half-length insulation. Practical value. Application in electrical engineering practice of the offered engineering method for determination of threshold amplitudes Impk of the indicated pulses of axial-flow current ip(t) for the probed electric wires and cables will allow considerably to increase service life of examined CWP.