Hasil untuk "Details in building design and construction. Including walls, roofs"

L. Davis, D. Malomo

Jun Zhao, Haifeng Bu, Jun Dong

Sevda Şeko, Fulya Kılıç, Feride Şener Yılmaz et al.

Multi-purpose halls are halls where many different activities, such as music, theater, speech, and shows, can be performed in the same space. Recently, multi-purpose halls illuminated with daylight have been frequently seen. The main subject of this research is to investigate the comfort conditions and improve the living conditions based on scenarios that vary depending on the purpose of use of the space and its needs. This study aims to address the visual and auditory comfort design requirements together for a generic hall planned to be used for speech and music functions, with a completely glass-covered north and east facade in Sarıyer, Türkiye, and to produce solutions for this in the early design phase. Two scenarios were created for acoustic comfort and 6 different scenarios for natural lighting, and all scenarios were considered separately. Reverberation time was calculated with the Sabine method in acoustic design. Daylight analyses were performed from many aspects with UDI (Useful Daylight Illuminance), sDA (Spatial Daylight Autonomy), ASE (Annual Sunlight Exposure), and Average Daylight Illuminance (ADI) simulations, and the results were evaluated. Rhino software was used for the three-dimensional model, I-Simpa software was used for acoustic simulations, and the additional Climate Studio plugin was used for natural lighting evaluation. As a result of this research, it has been understood that a holistic design is required to provide visual comfort requirements, improve acoustic comfort conditions, and provide comfort conditions related to lighting.

Liuging Chen, Yaxuan Song, Jia Guo et al.

Generative Artificial Intelligence (Generative AI) is a collection of AI technologies that can generate new information such as texts and images. With its strong capabilities, Generative AI has been actively studied in creative design processes. However, limited studies have explored the roles of humans and Generative AI in conceptual design processes, leaving a gap for human-AI collaboration investigation. To address this gap, this study uncovers the contributions of different Generative AI technologies in assisting humans in the conceptual design process. Novice designers completed two design tasks with or without the assistance of Generative AI. Results revealed that Generative AI primarily assists humans in problem definition and idea generation stages, while idea selection and evaluation remain predominantly human-led. Additionally, with Generative AI assistance, the idea selection and evaluation stages were further enhanced. Based on the findings, we discuss the role of Generative AI in human-AI collaboration and implications for enhancing future conceptual design support with Generative AI assistance.

Kevin Mayer, Alex Vesel, Xinyi Zhao et al.

3D building models are critical for applications in architecture, energy simulation, and navigation. Yet, generating accurate and semantically rich 3D buildings automatically remains a major challenge due to the lack of large-scale annotated datasets in the public domain. Inspired by the success of synthetic data in computer vision, we introduce SYNBUILD-3D, a large, diverse, and multi-modal dataset of over 6.2 million synthetic 3D residential buildings at Level of Detail (LoD) 4. In the dataset, each building is represented through three distinct modalities: a semantically enriched 3D wireframe graph at LoD 4 (Modality I), the corresponding floor plan images (Modality II), and a LiDAR-like roof point cloud (Modality III). The semantic annotations for each building wireframe are derived from the corresponding floor plan images and include information on rooms, doors, and windows. Through its tri-modal nature, future work can use SYNBUILD-3D to develop novel generative AI algorithms that automate the creation of 3D building models at LoD 4, subject to predefined floor plan layouts and roof geometries, while enforcing semantic-geometric consistency. Dataset and code samples are publicly available at https://github.com/kdmayer/SYNBUILD-3D.

Victor Cai, Jennifer Zhou, Haebin Do et al.

3D die-stacked DRAM has emerged as a key technology for delivering high bandwidth and high density for applications such as high-performance computing, graphics, and machine learning. However, different applications place diverse and sometimes diverging demands on power, performance, and area that cannot be universally satisfied with fixed commodity DRAM designs. Die stacking creates the opportunity for a large DRAM design space through 3D integration and expanded total die area. To open and navigate this expansive design space of customized memory architectures that cater to application-specific needs, we introduce DreamRAM, a configurable bandwidth, capacity, energy, latency, and area modeling tool for custom 3D die-stacked DRAM designs. DreamRAM exposes fine-grained design customization parameters at the MAT, subarray, bank, and inter-bank levels, including extensions of partial page and subarray parallelism proposals found in the literature, to open a large previously-unexplored design space. DreamRAM analytically models wire pitch, width, length, capacitance, and scaling parameters to capture the performance tradeoffs of physical layout and routing design choices. Routing awareness enables DreamRAM to model a custom MAT-level routing scheme, Dataline-Over-MAT (DLOMAT), to facilitate better bandwidth tradeoffs. DreamRAM is calibrated and validated against published industry HBM3 and HBM2E designs. Within DreamRAM's rich design space, we identify designs that achieve each of 66% higher bandwidth, 100% higher capacity, and 45% lower power and energy per bit compared to the baseline design, each on an iso-bandwidth, iso-capacity, and iso-power basis.

Ahmet Bahaddin Ersoz

The integration of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) such as OpenAI's GPT-4 Vision into various sectors has marked a significant evolution in the field of artificial intelligence, particularly in the analysis and interpretation of visual data. This paper explores the practical application of GPT-4 Vision in the construction industry, focusing on its capabilities in monitoring and tracking the progress of construction projects. Utilizing high-resolution aerial imagery of construction sites, the study examines how GPT-4 Vision performs detailed scene analysis and tracks developmental changes over time. The findings demonstrate that while GPT-4 Vision is proficient in identifying construction stages, materials, and machinery, it faces challenges with precise object localization and segmentation. Despite these limitations, the potential for future advancements in this technology is considerable. This research not only highlights the current state and opportunities of using LVLMs in construction but also discusses future directions for enhancing the model's utility through domain-specific training and integration with other computer vision techniques and digital twins.

Melly Andriana, Zuraidah Tharo, Novalinda

Station is a place where trains depart and stop to serve boarding and disembarking passengers and/or loading and unloading goods and/or for train operation purposes. Railway Station is the main need needed in the procurement of train transportation modes. The station also has various functions that are part of its existence as a public facility. In addition to meeting the needs of the main function as a place for boarding or disembarking passengers and / or loading and unloading goods, at the station can be carried out supporting business activities for rail transportation such as shops, restaurants, offices, hotels (Law No. 13 of 1992). The method used is descriptive qualitative. The result of this research is in the form of a design in the waiting room at Medan Airport Railway Station. Planning is located on the 2nd floor of Medan Airport Railway Station. Planning and designing the commercial area at the station is carried out in order to have a positive impact on the local economy. Using modern Architecture concepts in the design in order to produce a simple room and and maximize the function of the purpose of the space created.

Ulinata, Lintang Bagas H., Luky Wirawan et al.

Books are windows to the world. In the era of 4.0 which continues to develop and advance, easy access to information and reading books can not only be obtained from the library, now reading can be done via a cellphone from a pocket. This ease of access does not necessarily make people willing to read. According to Unesco, Indonesia's reading interest is in the 2nd lowest rank. UNESCO says Indonesia ranks second from the bottom in terms of world literacy, meaning that reading interest is very low. According to UNESCO data, the reading interest of the Indonesian people is very concerning, only 0.001%. This means that out of 1,000 Indonesians, only 1 person is an avid reader. In a different research titled World's Most Literate Nations Ranked conducted by Central Connecticut State University in March 2016, Indonesia was ranked 60th out of 61 countries in terms of reading interest, just below Thailand (59) and above Botswana (61).

Maedeh Sadat Mirdamadi, Zahra Sadat Zomorodian, Mohammad Tahsildoost

Daylight improves indoor environmental quality, the physical and mental health of occupants, and their efficiency. Research in the area of human-centric lighting that considers the visual and non-visual effects of light on human vision, have focused on examining human visual perception in response to a wide variety of lighting aspects. To investigate the effect of surface materials, window size, and shading patterns on participants’ evaluation of brightness, daylight distribution, contrast, and satisfaction with view, a virtual reality experiment is implemented in a university classroom. Moreover, responses are compared with metrics (i.e., RAMMG and illumines level) to evaluate their performance and robustness. Thirty-three subjects evaluated thirteen immersive virtual environments (IVEs) with different glazing visible light transmittance, reflectance coefficient of surfaces, window to wall ratio, number of windows, and shading geometry using a Likert-type scale survey. The results indicated that participants’ evaluation of brightness is influenced by reflection coefficient of the surfaces and WWR. While daylight distribution is affected by number of windows and shading geometry in addition to other studied parameters. Based on the subjects’ responses the contrast is only affected by reflection coefficient of the surfaces. Their satisfaction with amount of outside view is also influenced by WWR and number of windows. Moreover, based on statistical results defining a specific range of acceptable contrast based on the RAMMG metric is not suggested, and users' evaluation depends on the surface material in addition to the reflection coefficient of them. Furthermore, the level of lighting perceived by people is affected by materials and their color (beside the reflection coefficient of the surfaces), number of windows (even with similar WWR), and shading pattern (even with the same aperture ratio) as well as the glazing visible light transmittance.

Salam M. B. Jijakli

Daylighting and solar availability at urban scale has come to play a crucial role in the perception of discomfort conditions for people, both in outdoor and indoor spaces, and on the energy consumption of buildings. Daylighting and solar analyses are typically done separately. The paper presents a novel method, called the ‘sunlight-daylight signature’ (SDS), which allows the qualitative analysis of urban settings with respect to sunlight and daylight. The method can be used to classify different urban settings in terms of daylight/sunlight access or to test new development proposals by referring to existing locations and confirm whether a certain daylight quality is met. The SDS relies on a new analysis tool, called ‘sunlight-daylight wedge’ (SDW), which combines obstruction (through the vertical sky component VSC) and sunlight access (through the annual probable sunlight hours PASH and the winter probable sunlight hours PWSH). The orientation of the façade at each point is also included as it will affect the times of the day when the sun-hours from PASH and PWSH occur, thus affecting the character of the corresponding sunlight. The SDS approach is based on a clustering technique to subdivide large datasets (in this case, daylight data points across entire cities or major urban areas) into smaller groups, using machine learning by way of the k-medoids clustering technique. This is used to derive typical daylight and sunlight scenarios representing groups of data points with similar conditions. Additional data is included to account for urban density and daylight availability in public areas. Final output of the clustering process consists of a map showing areas with the same daylight signature (SDS), which means areas with the same sunlight and daylight conditions. The SDS can be useful for urban planners and building practitioners to predict the access to both daylight and sunlight of large urban settings to optimize comfort for people and energy usage.

Ratriana, Alfiah, Viviana Basri

Penitentiary is a place of rehabilitation for prisoners who have gone through the process of investigation, prosecution, examination of cases and court decisions. However, the condition that occurs in Indonesia is that the number of prisoners continues to increase and exceeds capacity so that there is a shortage of rehabilitation facilities and then the detention house is converted into a place of rehabilitation, so that it is not in accordance with the function of the building. Especially in Wajo district, there is the Sengkang Class IIB Detention Center which accommodates 335 Correctional Inmates (WBP) consisting of 262 inmates and 73 prisoners. So it is necessary to build a correctional facility in Wajo Regency. The design of this Correctional Institution uses the Behavioral Architecture theme. This behavioral architecture concept aims to present a prison that can accommodate and facilitate coaching programs so that the coaching function can be achieved through design by prioritizing aspects of privacy, circulation, personal space, territoriality, and security. Thus, it can support the success of the functi on of this design object to foster, educate and guide prisoners.

Limeng Qiao, Yongchao Zheng, Peng Zhang et al.

This report introduces the 1st place winning solution for the Autonomous Driving Challenge 2023 - Online HD-map Construction. By delving into the vectorization pipeline, we elaborate an effective architecture, termed as MachMap, which formulates the task of HD-map construction as the point detection paradigm in the bird-eye-view space with an end-to-end manner. Firstly, we introduce a novel map-compaction scheme into our framework, leading to reducing the number of vectorized points by 93% without any expression performance degradation. Build upon the above process, we then follow the general query-based paradigm and propose a strong baseline with integrating a powerful CNN-based backbone like InternImage, a temporal-based instance decoder and a well-designed point-mask coupling head. Additionally, an extra optional ensemble stage is utilized to refine model predictions for better performance. Our MachMap-tiny with IN-1K initialization achieves a mAP of 79.1 on the Argoverse2 benchmark and the further improved MachMap-huge reaches the best mAP of 83.5, outperforming all the other online HD-map construction approaches on the final leaderboard with a distinct performance margin (> 9.8 mAP at least).

Frank Förster, Marta Romeo, Patrick Holthaus et al.

Workshop proceedings of two co-located workshops "Working with Troubles and Failures in Conversation with Humans and Robots" (WTF 2023) and "Is CUI Design Ready Yet?", both of which were part of the ACM conference on conversational user interfaces 2023. WTF 23 aimed at bringing together researchers from human-robot interaction, dialogue systems, human-computer interaction, and conversation analysis. Despite all progress, robotic speech interfaces continue to be brittle in a number of ways and the experience of failure of such interfaces is commonplace amongst roboticists. However, the technical literature is positively skewed toward their good performance. The workshop aims to provide a platform for discussing communicative troubles and failures in human-robot interactions and related failures in non-robotic speech interfaces. Aims include a scrupulous investigation into communicative failures, to begin working on a taxonomy of such failures, and enable a preliminary discussion on possible mitigating strategies. Workshop website: https://sites.google.com/view/wtf2023/overview Is CUI Design Ready Yet? As CUIs become more prevalent in both academic research and the commercial market, it becomes more essential to design usable and adoptable CUIs. While research has been growing on the methods for designing CUIs for commercial use, there has been little discussion on the overall community practice of developing design resources to aid in practical CUI design. The aim of this workshop, therefore, is to bring the CUI community together to discuss the current practices for developing tools and resources for practical CUI design, the adoption (or non-adoption) of these tools and resources, and how these resources are utilized in the training and education of new CUI designers entering the field. Workshop website: https://speech-interaction.org/cui2023_design_workshop/index.html

Fernando Barriuso, Beatriz Urbano

Green roofs and walls can mitigate the environmental and climate change of a city. They can decrease the urban heat island (UHI), reduce greenhouse gas emissions, fix environmental pollutants, manage urban stormwater runoff, attenuate noise, and enhance biodiversity. This paper aims to analyse green roofs and walls in the possible mitigation of urban climate change and compare it by continent. Green roofs and walls might decrease the air temperature in a city up to 11.3 °C and lower the thermal transmittance into buildings up to 0.27 W/m2 K. Urban greening might sequester up to 375 g C·m−2 per two growing seasons and increase stormwater retention up to 100%. Urban greening might attenuate city noise up to 9.5 dB. The results found green roofs and walls of varied effectiveness in ameliorating climate extremes present in host continents. Results show urban planners might focus on green roofs and walls exposure to attenuate temperatures in hotter Asian cities and advise greening in cities in Africa and Asia. European and American designers might optimise runoff water capacity of green roofs and walls systems and use greening in old buildings to improve insulation. Recommendations are made based on the study to concentrate certain designs to have greater impact on priority climate challenges, whether UHI or stormwater related. This study provides information for decision and policymakers regarding design and exposure of green roofs and walls to mitigate urban environmental and climate change.

Margarita Alwalidi, Sabine Hoffmann

Light affects humans beyond only image formation. Several studies have reported that light can increase daytime alertness and can therefore be positively utilized to counter daytime fatigue and increase productivity in workspaces. This systematic review summarized and analysed relevant literature that investigated the daytime alerting effect of light. Using keywords “alertness” and “light” in the title we retrieved a total of 142 studies via three search engines. Out of 142 studies, only 26 investigated the alerting effect of light during daytime. Six studies were excluded from the review based on the exclusion criteria. We reviewed twenty articles from the year 1991 until 2022 that have investigated the alerting effect of polychromatic and monochromatic light sources. Only seven out of twenty studies found an alerting effect that was recorded through positive self-assessment or enhancement of cognitive processes. The studies in which the lighting application would be transferrable for office use were highlighted. A specific common trend regarding the enhancement of alertness was not detected, as different lighting conditions and protocols were applied in the reviewed studies. More studies that investigate the effect of polychromatic light with intensities and spectral compositions that are suitable for application in realistic working environments are necessary to determine whether the daytime alerting effect of light will be significant.

Muhammad Fikri Pratama, Lisa Suryani, Wahyu Hidayat

Provinsi Riau merupakan daerah yang memiliki banyak potensi atlet. Namun hanya sedikit yang memiliki prestasi yang gemilang. Hal ini dikarenakan kurangnya teknologi penunjang performa atlet dan fasilitas penanggulangan cedera pada atlet. Pekanbaru Sports Medicine Center merupakan penyedia layanan kesehatan di bidang Sport Science yang berfungsi untuk memberikan perlindungan keselamatan terhadap cedera olahraga dan dapat berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan prestasi atlet. Dengan penerapan tema Eco-Architecture, perancangan bangunan Pekanbaru Sports Medicine Center akan dapat memanfaatkan teknologi berwawasan lingkungan dan menjawab tentang iklim kota Pekanbaru yang memiliki tingkat suhu yang tinggi agar aktivitas didalam bangunan dapat berjalan dengan sebaik mungkin, khususnya dalam penanganan pasien di rumah sakit yang membutuhkan kenyamanan.

Akhil Sathuluri, Anand Vazhapilli Sureshbabu, Markus Zimmermann

Classically, the development of humanoid robots has been sequential and iterative. Such bottom-up design procedures rely heavily on intuition and are often biased by the designer's experience. Exploiting the non-linear coupled design space of robots is non-trivial and requires a systematic procedure for exploration. We adopt the top-down design strategy, the V-model, used in automotive and aerospace industries. Our co-design approach identifies non-intuitive designs from within the design space and obtains the maximum permissible range of the design variables as a solution space, to physically realise the obtained design. We show that by constructing the solution space, one can (1) decompose higher-level requirements onto sub-system-level requirements with tolerance, alleviating the "chicken-or-egg" problem during the design process, (2) decouple the robot's morphology from its controller, enabling greater design flexibility, (3) obtain independent sub-system level requirements, reducing the development time by parallelising the development process.

Felix Röhrle, Dmitry Zakharov

We give a purely tropical analogue of Donagi's $n$-gonal construction and investigate its combinatorial properties. The input of the construction is a harmonic double cover of an $n$-gonal tropical curve. For $n = 2$ and a dilated double cover, the output is a tower of the same type, and we show that the Prym varieties of the two double covers are dual tropical abelian varieties. For $n=3$ and a free double cover, the output is a tetragonal tropical curve with dilation profile nowhere $(2,2)$ or $(4)$, and we show that the construction can be reversed. Furthermore, the Prym variety of the double cover and the Jacobian of the tetragonal curve are isomorphic as principally polarized tropical abelian varieties. Our main tool is tropical homology theory, and our proofs closely follow the algebraic versions.

Pietro Meriggi, Gianmarco de Felice, Stefano De Santis