Hasil untuk "Communities. Classes. Races"

Zohar Barak, Nir Cohen

Abstract Scholarship on scientific mobility has long emphasized the structural and agentic difficulties faced by female researchers, especially in the male-dominated STEM disciplines. With notable exceptions, studies ignored the experience of early career female academics who travel internationally for professional reasons, including the various factors of support, which they draw on before and during relocation. This article examines narratives of Israeli PhD graduates who pursue an international postdoctoral fellowship (IPDF). Based on interviews with 24 female researchers in STEM disciplines who took up IPDF in North American universities, it explores the main support factors they draw on and examine their role in the relocation process. Our findings suggest that three factors were particularly instrumental; first, the support of their partners or husbands and, sometimes, their nuclear families, who were willing to make personal, social, and professional sacrifices for the mobility to materialize. Second, the support, both emotional and material, of their (post)doctoral advisors, and other academic colleagues, in their home or host institutions. Finally, prior experience - or familiarity - with academic or other forms of international mobility, were also salient. By analyzing the role of factors, which researchers rely on prior to and during their professional voyage, the study contributes to the field of academic mobility, nuancing the practical experience of ‘travelling’ (female) scientists. In so doing, it contributes to a better understanding of the pivotal, yet understudied, role of partners, families, and colleagues in academic mobilities, which could potentially reduce gender-based gaps in professional trajectories of early career scientists.

Yi-Hsuan Lin, Lalitphat Khongsomchit, Sakdirat Kaewunruen et al.

IntroductionBuilding Information Modelling (BIM) has emerged as a multidisciplinary methodology that integrates information-rich data with virtual representations to support the management of built assets throughout their lifecycle. While BIM is increasingly adopted in architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industries and demonstrates significant value in infrastructure projects; however, its application in the railway sector remains limited. The complexity of railway networks, combined with the growing demand for transit projects, presents unique challenges that hinder effective implementation.MethodsThis study investigates the barriers of BIM adoption within the railway industry through a structured questionnaire distributed to professionals and a subsequent detailed analysis of responses.ResultsThis study identifies critical gaps in current BIM practices and highlights several severe obstacles that require urgent attention. Feedback reveals key challenges across four main areas: (1) Technology, (2) Market, (3) Socio-cultural factors, and (4) Policy.DiscussionBy outlining these barriers and suggesting potential solutions, the study provides valuable insights for stakeholders and identifies future research directions to advance BIM integration in railway projects.

Szymon Kobus, Deniz Gündüz

Speculative decoding accelerates large language model inference using a smaller draft model. In this paper, we establish a surprising connection between speculative decoding and channel simulation, which aims at simulating a noisy channel using as few bits as possible. This connection allows us to provide an information-theoretic analysis of the speed up that can be achieved by speculative decoding. Leveraging this link, we derive an explicit relation between generation speed-up and the number of tokens $k$ generated by the draft model for large $k$, which serves as an upper bound for all $k$. We also propose a novel speculative decoding method via exponential race ERSD that matches state-of-the-art performance.

Hassan Jardali, Durgakant Pushp, Youwei Yu et al.

High-speed, head-to-head autonomous racing presents substantial technical and logistical challenges, including precise localization, rapid perception, dynamic planning, and real-time control-compounded by limited track access and costly hardware. This paper introduces the Autonomous Race Stack (ARS), developed by the IU Luddy Autonomous Racing team for the Indy Autonomous Challenge (IAC). We present three iterations of our ARS, each validated on different tracks and achieving speeds up to 260 km/h. Our contributions include: (i) the modular architecture and evolution of the ARS across ARS1, ARS2, and ARS3; (ii) a detailed performance evaluation that contrasts control, perception, and estimation across oval and road-course environments; and (iii) the release of a high-speed, multi-sensor dataset collected from oval and road-course tracks. Our findings highlight the unique challenges and insights from real-world high-speed full-scale autonomous racing.

Miguel Vasco, Takuma Seno, Kenta Kawamoto et al.

Racing autonomous cars faster than the best human drivers has been a longstanding grand challenge for the fields of Artificial Intelligence and robotics. Recently, an end-to-end deep reinforcement learning agent met this challenge in a high-fidelity racing simulator, Gran Turismo. However, this agent relied on global features that require instrumentation external to the car. This paper introduces, to the best of our knowledge, the first super-human car racing agent whose sensor input is purely local to the car, namely pixels from an ego-centric camera view and quantities that can be sensed from on-board the car, such as the car's velocity. By leveraging global features only at training time, the learned agent is able to outperform the best human drivers in time trial (one car on the track at a time) races using only local input features. The resulting agent is evaluated in Gran Turismo 7 on multiple tracks and cars. Detailed ablation experiments demonstrate the agent's strong reliance on visual inputs, making it the first vision-based super-human car racing agent.

Harry Estreich, Nicola Bullock, Mark Osborne et al.

This study analysed sprint kayak pacing profiles in order to categorise and compare an athlete's race profile throughout their career. We used functional principal component analysis of normalised velocity data for 500m and 1000m races to quantify pacing. The first four principal components explained 90.77% of the variation over 500m and 78.80% over 1000m. These principal components were then associated with unique pacing characteristics with the first component defined as a dropoff in velocity and the second component defined as a kick. We then applied a Hidden Markov model to categorise each profile over an athlete's career, using the PC scores, into different types of race profiles. This model included age and event type and we identified a trend for a higher dropoff in development pathway athletes. Using the four different race profile types, four athletes had all their race profiles throughout their careers analysed. It was identified that an athlete's pacing profile can and does change throughout their career as an athlete matures. This information provides coaches, practitioners and athletes with expectations as to how pacing profiles can be expected to change across the course of an athlete's career.

Ewa Glapka

ABSTRACT This paper advances a socio-semiotic approach to reclaiming identities. The discussion draws on interviews with South African coloureds, i.e., members of a mix-race and multi-ethnic community formed during slavery and (post)colonialism, and for a long time positioned as ‘black-and-white residue’. Approaching coloureds’ post-apartheid reinvention of self as a socio-semiotic process, the paper approaches it via the magnifying glass of indexicality analysis. An intersectional discourse analysis examines how speakers re-negotiate coloureds’ inherited position between dominant races by, e.g., investing meaning into racialized and classed objects and spaces. Concluding, the paper discusses the critical role of language and culture in the postcolonial re-appropriation of racial identities.

Nathalie Goldwaser Yankelevich, María Luz Mango

Desde un análisis crítico, en este artículo abordamos un corpus secundario que se refirió a la historia centenaria de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, evitando la denominación Belle époque. No obstante, para comprender este período (1880-1910) proponemos utilizar el concepto moda, no por su arquetipo (la indumentaria), sino como fenómeno, cuyo proceder jánico evidenciaría los tres tempos históricos de una ciudad, esto es, mirando el pasado, instalándose en el presente, a fin de fenecer en el futuro para convertirse en una nueva tradición. Así la moda arquitectónica, urbanística, pueda renacer e incorporar otra innovación.

Denis A. Grishin, Egor P. Nedorostov

Introduction. In this article, the authors analyze the specifics of the criminal liability of minors depending on the scene of crime. The authors cite the current statistics of the Information Center of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Sverdlovsk region, which demonstrates the prevalence of crimes against public safety by minors in the territory of the city of Ekaterinburg in comparison with other cities of the Sverdlovsk region. The data obtained made it possible to identify the reasons for committing crimes against public safety in the territory of the city of Ekaterinburg, which, in their opinion, should be taken into account when differentiating and individualizing the criminal liability of the minors. According to the authors, the need to follow a differentiated approach to the criminal liability of minors is a relevant issue, which is expressed in the specifics of punishment imposing, procedure for applying compulsory educational measures, exemption from criminal liability, as well as the calculation of the statute of limitations, taking into account the crime scene. At the same time, the issue of no less importance is the one of executing punishment imposed on minors to achieve the criminal liability goals. Materials and methods. As part of the scientific research, a set of general scientific and private scientific methods was used, including a special legal, statistical, comparative methods and hermeneutics. Results. The authors identify and propose to take into account a number of significant factors affecting the efficiency of the criminal legal system in relation to minors (crime scenes). On this basis, recommendations have been developed, including the ones on changing regulatory framework and the application practice. It is revealed that the approach to differentiation corresponds to global practice, so a number of key principles of criminal responsibility of the minors in foreign legislation are given.

Le Chen, Wenhao Wu, Stephen F. Siegel et al.

Data races pose a significant threat in multi-threaded parallel applications due to their negative impact on program correctness. DataRaceBench, an open-source benchmark suite, is specifically crafted to assess these data race detection tools in a systematic and measurable manner. Machine learning techniques have recently demonstrated considerable potential in high-performance computing (HPC) program analysis and optimization. However, these techniques require specialized data formats for training and refinement. This paper presents the latest update to DataRaceBench, incorporating new data race contributions from Wu et al. \cite{wu2023model}, and introduces a derived dataset named DataRaceBench-ML (DRB-ML) \cite{drbml}. DRB-ML aligns with the emerging trend of machine learning and large language models. Originating from DataRaceBench, this dataset includes detailed labels that denote the presence of a data race and provides comprehensive details of associated variables, such as variable names, line numbers, and the operation (read/write). Unique to DRB-ML, we have also integrated a series of tailored prompt-response pairs specifically designed for LLM fine-tuning.

Dvij Kalaria, Qin Lin, John M. Dolan

Autonomous racing is a challenging problem, as the vehicle needs to operate at the friction or handling limits in order to achieve minimum lap times. Autonomous race cars require highly accurate perception, state estimation, planning and precise application of controls. What makes it even more challenging is the accurate identification of vehicle model parameters that dictate the effects of the lateral tire slip, which may change over time, for example, due to wear and tear of the tires. Current works either propose model identification offline or need good parameters to start with (within 15-20\% of actual value), which is not enough to account for major changes in tire model that occur during actual races when driving at the control limits. We propose a unified framework which learns the tire model online from the collected data, as well as adjusts the model based on environmental changes even if the model parameters change by a higher margin. We demonstrate our approach in numeric and high-fidelity simulators for a 1:43 scale race car and a full-size car.

Nguyen Doan Duy Linh, Pham Huy Tuan Kiet, Dang Thi Hon et al.

Objective: Epilepsy is a chronic non-communicable disease that can affect all ages, genders, races, and social classes with large treatment costs that vary widely between countries and regions. Perampanel is a new generation of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), but cost-effectiveness reports are inconsistent in several countries that have conducted pharmacoeconomic evaluations. Study with the objective of systematically summarizing the evidence on the cost-effectiveness of Perampanel for the treatment of epilepsy. Methods: An exhaustive search was performed in four publication databases. Evaluation of the reporting quality of the studies using the CHEERS checklist. Results: Findings: Costs were lower in the Perampanel group than in the Lacosamide group (Perampanel 8mg/day vs. Lacosamide 400mg/day - Total cost: $2390 (12.89%), but higher than in the antiepilepsy drugs group without perampanel (Total Direct Cost: 5475 Euro and Total Indirect Cost: -5288 Euro, Total Cost: 188 Euro) and the group with recent add-on regime such as Brivaracetam (3188 Euro in total). When compared with the Lacosamide group, the Perampanel group showed increased outcomes in all three outcomes (convulsions, LY, and QALY). Similarly, the Perampanel group showed increased outcomes in all three outcomes (convulsions, LY, and QALY) compared with groups without Perampanel. Meanwhile, QALY in the Perampanel group was lower than in the Brivaracetam group (total of 0.059 QALY). Conclusions: Perampanel as an adjunct therapy for antiepilepsy drugs may be a cost-effective treatment option in the management of epilepsy. Keywords: Fycompa, perampanel, seizure, epilepsy, systematic review, cost-effective. References [1] R. S. Fisher, C. Acevedo, A. Arzimanoglou, A. Bogacz, J. H. Cross, C. E. Elger et al., ILAE Official Report: a Practical Clinical Definition of Epilepsy. Epilepsia, Vol. 55, No. 4, 2014, pp. 475-482.[2] K. M. Fiest, K. M. Sauro, S. Wiebe, S. B. Patten, C. S. Kwon, J. Dykeman, et al., Prevalence and Incidence of Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of International Studies, Neurology, Vol. 88, No. 3, 2017, pp. 296-303.[3] A. C. Meyer, T. Dua, J. Ma, S. Saxena, G. Birbeck, Global Disparities in The epilepsy Treatment Gap: a Systematic Review, Bull World Health Organ, Vol. 88, No. 4, 2010, pp. 260-266.[4] GBD, Neurology Collaborators, Global, Regional, and National Burden of Neurological Disorders, 1990-2016: a Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016, Lancet Neurol, Vol. 18, No. 5, 2019, pp. 459-480.[5] S. Y. Chen, N. Wu, L. Boulanger, P. Sacco, Antiepileptic Drug Treatment Patterns and Economic Burden of Commercially-insured Patients with Refractory Epilepsy with Partial Onset Seizures in the United States, J Med Econ, Vol. 16, No. 2, 2013, pp. 240-248.[6] J. A. Cramer, Z. J. Wang, E. Chang, A. Powers, R. Copher, D. Cherepanov et al., Healthcare Utilization and Costs in Adults with Stable and Uncontrolled Epilepsy, Epilepsy Behav, Vol. 31, 2014, pp. 356-362.[7] K. Allers, B. M. Essue, M. L. Hackett, J. Muhunthan, C. S. Anderson, K. Pickles et al., The Economic Impact of Epilepsy: a Systematic Review, BMC Neurol, Vol. 15, 2015, pp. 245.[8] D. L. Thuy, Evaluation of the Use of Antiepileptic Drugs in the Community in Thai Nguyen Province [Master Thesis], Hanoi, Vietnam, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 2010 (in Vietnamese).[9] N. C. Hoan, H. D. Muoi, Clinical Features of Major Generalized Epilepsy in Pediatric Patients Aged 5 to 15 Years. Journal of Practical Medicine, Vol. 860, No. 3, 2013, pp. 48-50 (in Vietnamese).[10] Nation Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, The Epilepsies: The Diagnosis and Management of the Epilepsies in Adults and Children in Primary and Secondary Care: Pharmacological Update of Clinical Guideline 20, London, 2012.[11] Asia WHOROfS-E, Epilepsy: a Manual for Physicians, 2004.[12] G. Tremblay, D. Howard, W. Tsong, V. Patel, J. D. Rosendo, Cost-effectiveness of Perampanel for The Treatment of Primary Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures (PGTCS) in Epilepsy: A Spanish Perspective, Epilepsy & Behavior: E&B, Vol. 86, 2018; pp. 108-115.[13] D. Husereau, M. Drummond, S. Petrou, C. Carswell, D. Moher, D. Greenberg et al., Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) Statement, Bmj, Vol. 346, 2013, pp. f1049.[14] D. Zhang, X. Li, J. Ding, X. Ke, W. Ding, Y. Ren, et al., Value of Perampanel as Adjunctive Treatment for Partial-Onset Seizures in Epilepsy: Cost-Effectiveness and Budget Impact Analysis, Vol. 9, 2021, pp. 866.[15] S. Väätäinen, E. Soini, J. Peltola, M. Charokopou, M. Taiha, R. Kälviäinen, Economic Value of Adjunctive Brivaracetam Treatment Strategy for Focal Onset Seizures in Finland, Advances in Therapy, Vol. 37, No. 1, 2020, pp. 477-500.[16] H. M. Hamer, A. Spottke, C. Aletsee, S. Knake, J. Reis, A. Strzelczyk et al., Direct and Indirect Costs of Refractory Epilepsy in a Tertiary Epilepsy Center in Germany, Epilepsia, Vol 47, No. 12, 2006, pp. 2165-2172.[17] L. Gao, L. Xia, S. Q. Pan, T. Xiong, S. C. Li, Burden of Epilepsy: a Prevalence-based Cost of Illness Study of Direct, Indirect and Intangible Costs for Epilepsy, Epilepsy Research, Vol. 110, 2015, pp. 146-156.[18] M. Hiligsmann, C. Cooper, F. Guillemin, M. C. Hochberg, P. Tugwell, N. Arden et al., A reference Case for Economic Evaluations in Osteoarthritis: an Expert Consensus Article from the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO), Paper Presented at Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 2014.[19] M. Hiligsmann, C. Cooper, N. Arden, M. Boers, J. C. Branco, M. L. Brandi et al., Health Economics in the Field of Osteoarthritis: an Expert's Consensus Paper From the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO), Paper Presented at Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 2013.[20] K. Bolin, L. Forsgren, The Cost-Effectiveness of Newer Epilepsy Treatments: a Review of The Literature on Partial-onset Seizures, Pharmaco Economic, Vol. 30, No. 10, 2012, pp. 903-923.

Windar, Abd Wahidin, Abd Rasyid

Discrimination is a behavior that is very unifair and unequal to what is done in distinguishing individuals or groups, based on something, usually categorical or specific, such as race, ethnicity, social classes and even religion. As time goes by, developments in various parts of the world are increasingly sophisticated, especially ini Indonesia itself, various advences have now increased. Developments in the digital are are one of the advancements that have developed rapidly in Indonesia. In today’s development, it has now spread to social media. In Indonesia itself, many and even millions of people use social media as a place to spread information. It can even be used to get new information from various sources that have been shared by the public. In Indonesia itself there is a variety of diversity so that Indonesia is dubbed as a multicultural country, the diversity referrd to is the devesity of ethnicities, races, customs, culture and religion. The existence of these differences will not lead to conflict and even discrimination against certain groups, it is the existence of these differences that triggers discrimination because everyone has different understanding of something so that it becomes big. This is because until now there is still a lot of violence and discrimination against certain groups in society, this is what will lead to social conflicts that will be even more acute in the multidimensional crisis that is happening in Indonesia. Especially in a digital society where they use digital media tools to find information. and even use digital media as a tool to discriminate against these community groups

Helen Chukka

Armand Despons, David Lacoste, Luca Peliti

We formulate an adaptive version of Kelly's horse model in which the gambler learns from past race results using Bayesian inference. A known asymptotic scaling for the difference between the growth rate of the gambler and the optimal growth rate, known as the gambler'sregret, is recovered. We show how this adaptive strategy is related to the universal portfolio strategy, and we build improved adaptive strategies in which the gambler exploits information contained in the bookmaker odds distribution to reduce his/her initial loss of the capital during the learning phase.

D. Garompolo, A. Molinaro, A. Iera

In light of the growing number of user privacy violations in centralized social networks, the need to define effective platforms for decentralized online social networks (DOSNs) is deeply felt. Interesting solutions have been proposed in the past, which own the necessary mechanisms to allow users keeping control over their personal information and setting the rules to regulate the access of other users. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of this type of solutions is severely reduced by the fact that different user communities with a shared interest could be disconnected/separated from each other. This translates into a reduced ability in effectively spreading data of common interest towards all interested users, as it currently happens in centralized social networks. In order to overcome the cited limitation, this paper proposes a disruptive approach, which exploits the availability of a new class of Internet of Things (IoT) devices with autonomous social behaviors and cognitive abilities. Such devices can be leveraged as friendship intermediaries between devices' owners who are connected to a DOSN platform and share the same interest. We will demonstrate that clear advantages can be achieved in terms of increased percentage of Interested Reachable Nodes (a specific measure of Delivery Ratio) in distributed social networks among humans, when enhanced with so called Mediator Objects adhering to the well-known social IoT (SIoT) paradigm.

Christophe De Wagter, Federico Paredes-Vallés, Nilay Sheth et al.

Robotics is the next frontier in the progress of Artificial Intelligence (AI), as the real world in which robots operate represents an enormous, complex, continuous state space with inherent real-time requirements. One extreme challenge in robotics is currently formed by autonomous drone racing. Human drone racers can fly through complex tracks at speeds of up to 190 km/h. Achieving similar speeds with autonomous drones signifies tackling fundamental problems in AI under extreme restrictions in terms of resources. In this article, we present the winning solution of the first AI Robotic Racing (AIRR) Circuit, a competition consisting of four races in which all participating teams used the same drone, to which they had limited access. The core of our approach is inspired by how human pilots combine noisy observations of the race gates with their mental model of the drone's dynamics to achieve fast control. Our approach has a large focus on gate detection with an efficient deep neural segmentation network and active vision. Further, we make contributions to robust state estimation and risk-based control. This allowed us to reach speeds of ~9.2m/s in the last race, unrivaled by previous autonomous drone race competitions. Although our solution was the fastest and most robust, it still lost against one of the best human pilots, Gab707. The presented approach indicates a promising direction to close the gap with human drone pilots, forming an important step in bringing AI to the real world.

Lorenzo Bonazzi

We present a characterization of the finite groups in which all real classes have prime powers size.

Juan José González-Abril, Germán Vidal

This paper presents a lightweight formalism (a trace) to model message-passing concurrent executions where some common common problems can be identified, like lost or delayed messages, some forms of deadlock, etc. In particular, we consider (potential) message races that can be useful to analyze alternative executions. We consider a particular application for our developments in the context of a causal-consistent reversible debugging framework for Erlang programs

Zhichao Han, Zhepei Wang, Neng Pan et al.

With the autonomy of aerial robots advances in recent years, autonomous drone racing has drawn increasing attention. In a professional pilot competition, a skilled operator always controls the drone to agilely avoid obstacles in aggressive attitudes, for reaching the destination as fast as possible. Autonomous flight like elite pilots requires planning in SE(3), whose non-triviality and complexity hindering a convincing solution in our community by now. To bridge this gap, this paper proposes an open-source baseline, which includes a high-performance SE(3) planner and a challenging simulation platform tailored for drone racing. We specify the SE(3) trajectory generation as a soft-penalty optimization problem, and speed up the solving process utilizing its underlying parallel structure. Moreover, to provide a testbed for challenging the planner, we develop delicate drone racing tracks which mimic real-world set-up and necessities planning in SE(3). Besides, we provide necessary system components such as common map interfaces and a baseline controller, to make our work plug-in-and-use. With our baseline, we hope to future foster the research of SE(3) planning and the competition of autonomous drone racing.