Significant challenges exist in efficient data analysis of most advanced experimental and observational techniques because the collected signals often include unwanted contributions, such as background and signal distortions, that can obscure the physically relevant information of interest. To address this, we have developed a self-supervised machine-learning approach for source separation using a dual implicit neural representation framework that jointly trains two neural networks: one for approximating distortions of the physical signal of interest and the other for learning the effective background contribution. Our method learns directly from the raw data by minimizing a reconstruction-based loss function without requiring labeled data or pre-defined dictionaries. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework by considering a challenging case study involving large-scale simulated, as well as experimental, momentum-energy-dependent inelastic neutron scattering data in a four-dimensional parameter space, characterized by heterogeneous background contributions and unknown distortions to the target signal. The method is found to successfully separate physically meaningful signals from a complex or structured background even when the signal characteristics vary across all four dimensions of the parameter space. An analytical approach that informs the choice of the regularization parameter is presented. Our method offers a versatile framework for addressing source separation problems across diverse domains, ranging from superimposed signals in astronomical measurements to structural features in biomedical image reconstructions.
A surprising majority of the existing images of Joseph Bologne, Le Chevalier de Saint-Georges, were created during a short period from 1789- 1791, and are essentially the result of his visit to London for a fencing exhibition match organized for the Prince of Wales by the Duc d’Orleans and his political operatives. The scarcity of French- origin images of Le Chevalier, so celebrated during his lifetime in France as a musician, composer, musical director, and fencing master, is perplexing. Why is this the case? Perhaps it can be explained in part by the French visual culture at the time, characterized by censorship and intolerance in the visual arts, in stark contrast to a popular print culture in England that tolerated political and social commentary and even satire, creating a market for prolific production and enthusiastic consumption by the British public.
French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature, Social Sciences
Otávio da Silva Custódio, Renato da Silva Custódio
Esta pesquisa objetiva analisar a estrutura e organizar em seções os conhecimentos e conteúdos de Química presentes na obra “Elementos de Chimica”, elaborado por Vicente Coelho de Seabra Silva Telles entre 1789 e 1790. Período que representa condicionantes da Reforma dos Estudos Superiores Portugueses, principalmente no contexto da Universidade de Coimbra, quando teve início a inserção de saberes de base científica, por meio de disciplinas acadêmicas como Biologia, Física e Química. O livro analisado, produzido nesse cenário, carrega caraterísticas de tais mudanças. Neste sentido, buscou-se estabelecer relações entre o ensino dos primórdios da Química e as funções que tal livro didático pode oferecer. Para isso, a pesquisa teve como referencial teórico-metodológico o uso de quatro funções: referencial, instrumental, ideológica-cultural e documental; extraídas dos trabalhos de Allain Choppin. Assim, por meio de tais funções, foi possível construir relações entre os conhecimentos, os conteúdos e a estrutura do livro. Ficou estabelecido a presença de condicionantes provenientes da compilação de obras modernas científicas à época. Destacam-se as funções referencial e instrumental, as quais, desde a seção de Dedicatória da obra, apresentam intenções que indicam o uso do livro “Elementos de Chimica” como referência para a construção curricular e de programas de ensino.
Ali Mosadeghrad, Ebrahim Jaafaripooyan, Hamed Dehnavi
Objective (s): Critical success factors (CSF) are a set of limited factors that, when applied and reinforced in an organization, give competitive advantage. The purpose of this study was to identify the critical success factors of hospitals in Tehran province.
Methods: This qualitative research was conducted by phenomenological method. Semi-structured and in-depth interviews were used to collect data. The interviewees included 93 senior, middle and front-line managers working in 30 hospitals in Tehran province. Data analysis was performed by thematic analysis method using MAXQDA software.
Results: A total of 51 critical success factors were identified for hospitals, which were classified into 8 main themes and 22 sub-themes. Key themes include management and leadership, planning, organizational learning, organizational culture, employee management, patient management, resource management, and process management. Transformational leadership, plan-oriented, organizational trust, the presence of renowned physicians, patient satisfaction, and the availability of resources and facilities were key factors in the success of hospitals.
Conclusion: Hospital managers should strengthen these critical success factors. Their application increases the possibility of achieving organizational goals and achieving competitive advantage.
Abstract Semiconductor heterojunction plays a pivotal role in photocatalysis. However, the construction of a heterojunction with a fine microstructure usually requires complex synthetic procedures. Herein, a pH-adjusted one-step method was employed to controllably synthesize Ag4V2O7/Ag3VO4 heterojunction with a well-tuned 0D/1D hierarchical structure for the first time. It is noteworthy that the ordered stacking of vanadium oxide tetrahedron $$(\rm{VO}_3^-)$$ ( V O 3 − ) guided by the pH value wisely realizes the in-situ growth of Ag4V2O7 nanoparticles on the surface of Ag3VO4 nanorods. Furthermore, comprehensive characterization and calculation decipher the electronic structures of Ag4V2O7 and Ag3VO4 and the formation of Z-scheme heterojunction, benefiting the visible light harvesting and carrier utilization. Such a new Ag4V2O7/Ag3VO4 heterojunction exhibits remarkable photocatalytic activity and excellent stability. Complete degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) can be achieved in 10 min by the Ag4V2O7/Ag3VO4 heterojunction under visible light irradiation, demonstrating an outstanding reaction rate of 0.35 min−1 that is up to 84-fold higher than those of other silver vanadates. More importantly, this integration of synthesis technology and heterojunction design, based on the intrinsic crystal and electronic structures, could be inspiring for developing novel heterostructured materials with advanced performance.
Entre 1950 y principios de la década del 60, el Club de Cultura de la ciudad de Porto Alegre en Brasil funcionó como un espacio de la izquierda judía de habla ídish para desarrollar actividades políticas y culturales. Ideológicamente adherido al Idisher Cultur Farband (ICUF) y ligado al Partido Comunista Brasileño, el Club de Cultura desde su fundación comenzó un proceso de permanente búsqueda de integración con la izquierda local. Al comenzar los años 60 se había convertido en un club porto-alegrense de la sociedad gaúcha, especialmente dedicado a la actividad teatral. El estudio del Club de Cultura muestra cómo la izquierda judía progresista, a través del activismo en sus instituciones, se integró a la sociedad brasileña.
1789-, Labor in politics. Political activity of the working class
Chiranjib Sarkar, Banita Kumari Saklani, Pankaj Kumar Singh
et al.
Rice blast, caused by the ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is a destructive disease of rice and responsible for causing extensive damage to the crop. Pi54, a dominant blast resistance gene cloned from rice line Tetep, imparts a broad spectrum resistance against various M. oryzae isolates. Many of its alleles have been explored from wild Oryza species and landraces whose sequences are available in the public domain. Its cognate effector gene AvrPi54 has also been cloned from M. oryzae. Complying with the Flor's gene-for-gene system, Pi54 protein interacts with AvrPi54 protein following fungal invasion leading to the resistance responses in rice cell that prevents the disease development. In the present study Pi54 alleles from 72 rice lines were used to understand the interaction of Pi54 (R) proteins with AvrPi54 (Avr) protein. The physiochemical properties of these proteins varied due to the nucleotide level polymorphism. The ab initio tertiary structures of these R- and Avr- proteins were generated and subjected to the in silico interaction. In this interaction, the residues in the LRR region of R- proteins were shown to interact with the Avr protein. These R proteins were found to have variable strengths of binding due to the differential spatial arrangements of their amino acid residues. Additionally, molecular dynamic simulations were performed for the protein pairs that showed stronger interaction than Pi54tetep (original Pi54 from Tetep) protein. We found these proteins were forming h-bond during simulation which indicated an effective binding. The root mean square deviation values and potential energy values were stable during simulation which validated the docking results. From the interaction studies and the molecular dynamics simulations, we concluded that the AvrPi54 protein interacts directly with the resistant Pi54 proteins through the LRR region of Pi54 proteins. Some of the Pi54 proteins from the landraces namely Casebatta, Tadukan, Varun dhan, Govind, Acharmita, HPR-2083, Budda, Jatto, MTU-4870, Dobeja-1, CN-1789, Indira sona, Kulanji pille and Motebangarkaddi cultivars show stronger binding with the AvrPi54 protein, thus these alleles can be effectively used for the rice blast resistance breeding program in future.
Research on distance learning and computer-aided grading has been developed in parallel. Little work has been done in the past to join the two areas to solve the problem of automated learning assessment in virtual classrooms. This paper presents a model for learning assessment using an automated text processing technique to analyze class messages with an emphasis on course topics produced in an online class. It is suggested that students should be evaluated on many dimensions, including the learning artifacts such as course work submitted and class participation. Taking all these grading criteria into consideration, we design a model which combines three grading factors: the quality of course work, the quantity of efforts, and the activeness of participation, for evaluating the performance of students in the class. These three main items are measured on the basis of keyword contribution, message length, and message count, and a score is derived from the class messages to evaluate students’ performance. An assessment model is then constructed from these three measures to compute a performance indicator score for each student. The experiment shows that there is a high correlation between the performance indicator scores and the actual grades assigned by instructors. The rank orders of students by performance indicator scores and by the actual grades are highly correlated as well. Evidence from the experiment shows that the computer grader can be a great supplementary teaching and grading tool for distance learning instructors.
Increased labour efficiency is imperative in the developing world and particularly in Nigerian Agriculture which should be in its leaping phase. The interaction between labour efficiency and ICTs is inevitable in the realisation of the nation’s agribusiness potentials. Following a vivid descriptive statistics on main occupations and access to ICTs among the Nigerian populace, this study assessed effects of ICTs on the probability that a working aged Nigerian chose agricultural occupation over non-agricultural occupations. In doing so, the study analysed the effects of access to ICTs on agricultural labour efficiency in Nigeria. Data used for the analysis were drawn from the Nigerian General Household Survey-Panel held in 2010-2011 period. Analytical framework for the study include: Logistic Regression and Multiple Regression Models. Results show that access to mobile phones, using the internet to obtain information, and using the internet to send or receive mails were significant factors of the probability that a Nigerian chose agriculture or its related activities as a main occupation. Again, access to personal computers, use of the internet for e-banking, e-learning and for reading e-newspapers had significant impact on agricultural labour efficiency in Nigeria. The study recommends that labour policies should find a place for the role of ICTs, particularly the internet.
JEL. Code: Q12
Today, the non-profit sector, and especially the role of civil organizations, has become significant in society. In Hungary there has been a large development in the past 20 years, in the non-profit sector, as the number of such organizations has quadrupled. The number of classic civil organizations (foundations and associations) makes up more than 80% of the non-profit sector. The social attendance, economic significance and affect often raise the issue of the true intensity of the sphere and also the question of why there are such vast differences between the conditions of function, human resources and how successful they are. For years now, with management related examination, we have been searching for the answers to the above questions, within the confines of the functional aspect research program of the Institute of Management and Organization in University of Debrecen, Centre for Agricultural and Applied Economic Sciences, Faculty of Applied Economics and Rural Development. Above all, we made an attempt to find general, management- related results and answers, with the use of probability sampling, a low number of samples and surveying.
In the selection process of organizations to include in our research, we relied on the data base of the Court of Hajdú-Bihar County and with K-aspect systematic sampling, and we also questioned more than 140 managers from different organizations. With this research, we acquired a diverse collection of information, which now we intend to summarize within this article. With this article, we aim to find out how realistic a picture the database of the Court gives regarding the civil activity of the county. Even the sampling was not trouble free, since the entire database is not accessible.
The survey also revealed some problems that confirmed the statement of the Central Statistic Office (KSH), i.e. that some organizations either do not function at all or function in name only.
We describe and apply a method to determine the net social benefits of science shops. University departments operating as science shops coordinate research projects for individuals or civil society organizations (CSO) lacking the financial means to turn to professional consultancy bureaus. Three cases are analyzed; the science shops atWageningen, Brussels and Eindhoven. After investigation, it appears that under the normal assumptions for the application of CBA, the science shops concerned show positive net social benefits.
David Sebastián, Maria Guitart, Celia García-Martínez
et al.
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) catalyzes the first step in long-chain fatty acid import into mitochondria, and it is believed to be rate limiting for β-oxidation of fatty acids. However, in muscle, other proteins may collaborate with CPT1. Fatty acid translocase/CD36 (FAT/CD36) may interact with CPT1 and contribute to fatty acid import into mitochondria in muscle. Here, we demonstrate that another membrane-bound fatty acid binding protein, fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1), collaborates with CPT1 for fatty acid import into mitochondria. Overexpression of FATP1 using adenovirus in L6E9 myotubes increased both fatty acid oxidation and palmitate esterification into triacylglycerides. Moreover, immunocytochemistry assays in transfected L6E9 myotubes showed that FATP1 was present in mitochondria and coimmunoprecipitated with CPT1 in L6E9 myotubes and rat skeletal muscle in vivo. The cooverexpression of FATP1 and CPT1 also enhanced mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, similar to the cooverexpression of FAT/CD36 and CPT1. However, etomoxir, an irreversible inhibitor of CPT1, blocked all these effects. These data reveal that FATP1, like FAT/CD36, is associated with mitochondria and has a role in mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids.