Pruettha Aruvornlop, Sekkarin Ploypetch, Walasinee Sakcamduang
et al.
Feline mammary carcinoma (FMC) is the most prevalent reproductive tumor in queens and is characterized by aggressive metastatic progression and short survival. Protein phosphorylation is a crucial process in cell regulation, with dysregulation linked to cancer progression, including human breast cancer. Although phosphoproteins have emerged as diagnostic and predictive markers in human breast cancer, knowledge remains limited on their role in FMC. In this study, the phosphoproteomic profiles of specimens for FMC grades 1 (n = 6), grade 2 (n = 11), grade 3 (n = 14), and normal controls (n = 6) were compared by phosphoprotein enrichment coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Seventeen downregulated phosphoproteins were identified across all FMC grades, many of which have established roles in human breast cancer pathogenesis and prognosis. Serine/threonine–protein phosphatase was identified as a potential growth promoter and therapeutic target, while acid phosphatase, prostate, and ribonuclease L were identified as tumor suppressors. Furthermore, the ABC-type glutathione-S-conjugate transporter was associated with multidrug resistance. Protein kinase AMP-activated noncatalytic subunit gamma 3 was associated with increased breast cancer risk. In this study, it was also found to be associated with Ki-67 expression in FMC (p = 0.03). These phosphoproteins interacted with various proteins, immune checkpoint molecules, and chemotherapy drugs associated with mammary cancer in both human and feline species. Furthermore, proteins, such as butyrophilin subfamily 1 member A1, keratin, type I cytoskeletal 10, HECT domain E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 3, nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 3, and stomatin-like 2, were identified and implicated in cancer progression and prognosis. This study is the first phosphoproteomic investigation of FMC, highlighting the interactions of relevant phosphoproteins with other proteins and chemotherapy drugs associated with both feline and human mammary cancers. The findings provide valuable insights for the identification of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in cats with mammary carcinoma.
Sirintra Sirivisoot, Naklop Siripara, Nlin Arya
et al.
An 8-month-old, intact male, domestic shorthair cat was referred for a mass on the proximal ventral part of the tail which had been found since the animal was born, and due to the presence of a linear fissure with rows of ectopic teeth, the veterinarian suspected that the mass had recently ruptured. Tail amputation was elected and the entire mass was successfully surgically excised. From the gross examination, this mass had an open cyst-like structure with a prominent area composed of hair, teeth, and bone. Histopathology revealed two components of germinal layers including hair follicles, adnexal tissue, neural tissue, teeth, muscle, fat, bone, and lymphatic vessels. The histopathological diagnosis was consistent to mature teratoma. Although, complete excision could not be definitively confirmed histologically, this kitten is currently well and has not developed any recurrent mass at the surgical site after 2 years of post-operation.
The paper considers the dynamics of nonlinear surface plasmon polariton waves in a planar plasmon waveguide, which is a heterostructure of non-magnetic metallic and dielectric layers. The obtained in the work nonlinear equations and their analytical solutions describe the vector cnoidal and solitary plasmon polariton waves excited by single electromagnetic pulse at the waveguide. Nonlinear plasmon polariton waves arise under the influence of the Kerr nonlinearity of metal and the saturation of nonlinearity at the heterostructure. The period and profile of envelope of the excited nonlinear surface plasmon polariton wave vary depending on the conditions of excitation and the power of exciting electromagnetic pulse.
The Comment by Quintero et al (arXiv:1309.1065[nlin.PS])does not dispute the central result of our paper [Phys. Rev. E {87}, 062114 (2013)] which is a theory explaining the interplay between thermal noise and symmetry breaking in the ratchet transport of a Brownian particle moving on a periodic substrate subjected to a temporal biharmonic excitation $γ\left[ η\sin\left( ωt\right) +α\left( 1-η\right) \sin\left( 2ωt+\varphi\right) \right] $. In the Comment, the authors claim, on the sole basis of their numerical simulations for the particular case $α=2$, that "there is no such universal force waveform and that the evidence obtained by the authors otherwise is due to their particular choice of parameters." Here we demonstrate by means of theoretical arguments and additional numerical simulations that all the conclusions of our original article are preserved.
Cellular automata (CA) have been utilized for decades as discrete models of many physical, mathematical, chemical, biological, and computing systems. The most widely known form of CA, the elementary cellular automaton (ECA), has been studied in particular due to its simple form and versatility. However, these dynamic computation systems possess evolutionary rules dependent on a neighborhood of adjacent cells, which limits their sampling radius and the environments that they can be used in. The purpose of this study was to explore the complex nature of one-dimensional CA in configurations other than that of the standard ECA. Namely, "long-distance cellular automata" (LDCA), a construct that had been described in the past, but never studied. I experimented with a class of LDCA that used spaced sample cells unlike ECA, and were described by the notation LDCA-x-y-n, where x and y represented the amount of spacing between the cell and its left and right neighbors, and n denoted the length of the initial tape for tapes of finite size. Some basic characteristics of ECA are explored in this paper, such as seemingly universal behavior, the prevalence of complexity with varying neighborhoods, and qualitative behavior as a function of x and y spacing. Focusing mainly on purely Class 4 behavior in LDCA-1-2, I found that Rule 73 could potentially be Turing universal through the emulation of a cyclic tag system, and revealed a connection between the mathematics of binary trees and Eulerian numbers that might provide insight into unsolved problems in both fields.
Using area-preserving curve shortening flow, and a new inequality relating the potential generated by a set to its curvature, we study a non-local isoperimetric problem which arises in the study of di-block copolymer melts, also referred to as the Ohta-Kawasaki energy. We are able to show that the only connected critical point is the ball under mild assumptions on the boundary, in the small energy/mass regime. In particular this class includes all rectifiable, connected 1-manifolds in $\mathbb{R}^2$. We also classify the simply connected critical points on the torus in this regime, showing the only possibilities are the stripe pattern and the ball. In $\mathbb{R}^2$, this can be seen as a partial union of the well known result of Fraenkel \cite{Fraenkel} for uniqueness of critical points to the Newtonian Potential energy, and Alexandrov for the perimeter functional \cite{alexandrov}, however restricted to the plane. The proof of the result in $\mathbb{R}^2$ is analogous to the curve shortening result due to Gage \cite{Gage2}, but involving a non-local perimeter functional, as we show the energy of convex sets strictly decreases along the flow. Using the same techniques we obtain a stability result for minimizers in $\mathbb{R}^2$ and for the stripe pattern on the torus, the latter of which was recently shown to be the global minimizer to the energy when the non-locality is sufficiently small \cite{sternberg}.
Stability of a set of travelling wave solutions to the hyperbolic generalization of the convection-reaction-diffusion equation is studied by means of the qualitative methods and numerical simulation.
The solution of nonlinear Schroedinger equation with saturation was found by means the quadratures method in terms of degeneracy theory. It was shown the existence conditions for soliton solutions.
We show the existence of a compacton-like solutions within the relaxing hydrodynamic-type model and perform numerical study of attracting features of these solutions.