Hasil untuk "Political science"

Joanna Wyszkowska-Kuna

The aim of this article is to assess the competitiveness and specialisation of Polish knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) export during the years 2004–2022. The product mapping method is used, which is based on the values of two indicators, i.e.: the normalised revealed comparative advantage index (NRCA) and the trade balance index (TBI). The study contributes to the academic literature by: (1) identifying the leading exported KIBS as well as KIBS with the potential to gain comparative advantage in Polish exports; (2) examining export competitiveness and specialisation in very narrow KIBS categories for the entire period of Poland's participation in European Single Market; (3) comparing the competitiveness and export specialisation of the KIBS sector in Poland in the EU and non-EU markets. The empirical results demonstrate that some of the KIBS industries in Poland have improved their competitiveness during the period of EU membership, but rather in exports outside the EU than to the EU. This may be due to strong competition in EU market and the fact that distance does not play a significant role in trade in services, especially in case of KIBS delivered online (e.g. computer services). Poland has developed a regional specialisation in the export of accountancy services, which is proved by the highest values of both indicators for this category, compared to other KIBS categories in Poland and compared to other EU countries. On the other hand, computer services appeared to be the leading exported product from the KIBS sector, but only outside the EU. Unfortunately, despite the upward trends, the importance of the leading exported KIBS in Polish exports is still small, especially in EU market. Therefore, it is necessary to take further actions aimed at strengthening the competitiveness of the KIBS sector in Poland, and the support for investments in human capital, digital transformation and R&D is crucial.

Lisa Dellmuth, Maria-Therese Gustafsson, Suanne Mistel Segovia-Tzompa

Abstract There is a lively debate about the legitimacy of the international climate regime, as represented by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and the quality of non-state actor participation in the regime. This commentary examines perceptions of involved non-state actors from 2021–2022 regarding their participation and regime legitimacy. The findings reveal no legitimacy crisis for the adaptation and mitigation regimes, but the surveyed NSAs are divided in their legitimacy beliefs. NSAs also express significant disappointment about their opportunities for participation.

Michel Waly DIOUF

Cet article examine la réutilisation des coquillages fossiles et décrit en même temps les anomalies ou les déformations observées sur les individus. La démarche adoptée repose en effet sur une combinaison de plusieurs activités allant de la recherche documentaire à l’examen du mobilier coquillier, en passant par les enquêtes ethnographiques, la prospection et les fouilles archéologiques. Nos fouilles effectuées sur le site de Balloum, près du village de Moundé (basSaloum) ont mis au jour des spécimens coquilliers déformés ou réutilisés le plus souvent en des objets de parures ou d’ustensiles. Mots-clés : ,

Consejo Editorial ISRI

Keith McNeal

Armenia Androniceanu, Doina-Mihaela Marton

The Covid-19 pandemic generated a global crisis involving most countries in the world. State governments worldwide were forced to take appropriate measures impacting different fields. The Romanian government and other local public authorities developed special measures to curb the spread of the SARS-COV-2 virus in Romania in general and in Bucharest, the country’s capital. The purpose of our research was to identify the social and psychological impact of the governmental measures on the citizens of Bucharest. The research was conducted between 28 November and 25 December 2020, but refers to the measures taken by the government and local authorities from the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic to date. The sample, representative for Bucharest, included 421 citizens living in Bucharest, aged between 19 and 40 years. The data were collected using an online questionnaire. Other methods used to analyse the results and verify the hypothesis included the multiple regression model and some applications in Excel. The results confirmed that governmental measures had a strong social and psychological impact on citizens, changing their social behaviour and causing psychological disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Our research results can help the Romanian authorities avoid problems among the population and adapt their measures to better meet the population’s psychosocial needs in time of the Covid-19 pandemic crisis, which is far from over.

Nadiya Dubrovina, Russell Gerrard, Stanislav Filip et al.

Healthcare is one of the most important sectors of the public economy in the EU countries. An important task in the analysis and prediction of the values for healthcare funding is the development and application of quantitative models based on different mathematical methods. Three of the most popular indicators used for the macroeconomic description of the funding of healthcare are: (1) total government expenditure on health as a percentage of GDP; (2) total government expenditure on health as a percentage of total general government expenditure; and (3) total government expenditure on health per capita. The aim of this research is to study the trends for the main indicators of healthcare funding on the macroeconomic level and to develop models based on time series methods for analysis of the features of the trends and the prediction of the values for the next time period.

Wahib Assyahri, Mercya Vaguita

Aplikasi Siskeudes ini merupakan suatu sistem yang dikembangkan oleh BPKP dalam meningkatkan kualitas tata kelola keuangan desa. Pemerintah Padang Pariaman sudah menetapkan Siskeudes untuk diaplikasikan namun pada kenyataannya masih banyak nagari yang ada di Kecamatan 2x11 Kayutanam khususnya nagari kayu tanam ini mengalami kendala dalam mengaplikasikannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pelaksanaan aplikasi Siskeudes di Nagari Kayu dalam mewujudkan pengelolaan keuangan nagari yang transparan dan secara akuntabel. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif. Data penelitian didapatkan melalui observasi, studi dokumentasi, dan wawancara secara mendalam, kemudian dianalisis dengan tiga tahapan untuk penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Penerapan Aplikasi Siskeudes di Nagari Kayu Tanam sudah cukup baik dalam penggunaannya, dilihat dari aspek efisiensi, efektif, dan kesesuaian dalam aplikasi tersebut melalui tahap perencanaan dan tahap pelaksanaan, sedangkan belum efektif dan belum ada kesesuaian pada tahap pelaporan dan tahap pertanggungjawaban, tetapi masih banyak kendala yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaannya, yaitu; kurangnya sumber daya manusia yang ada; pelatihan-pelatihan dari pihak kabupaten belum maksimal; keterlambatan dalam penyusunan laporan pertanggungjawaban; dan partisipasi masyarakat yang masih kurang. (2) Faktor-faktor penyebab kendala yang ditemukan dalam penggunaan sistem keuangan desa tersebut, yaitu adanya kesalahan teknis, adanya gangguan lingkungan, dan adanya kelalaian manusia. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan aplikasi sistem keuangan desa (Siskeudes) di Nagari Kayu Tanam Kecamatan 2x11 Kayutanam sudah cukup baik diterapkan tetapi dalam pelaksanaannya masih ada kendala-kendala yang terjadi.

Nagorniak K. M.

The paper presents findings of a survey into values of different generations conducted by Academy DTEK jointly with hh.ua|grc During two months of 2019 we polled 2,182 visitors of the Ukrainian Job portal hh.ua|grc (both job seekers and employers), followers of the survey organizers’ pages in social networks (Facebook and Telegram) aged between 15 and 72. The purpose of the study was to find out the central values of young people and older generations of Ukraine. To study the values of generations, the author used Shalom Schwartz’s method of ten fundamental individual values. The method was applied to three different generations. The findings of the poll enabled us to answer questions regarding values and job values of generations X, Y, and Z. What are the similarities and differences of generations, what motivates them at work, and which supervisor is more comfortable for them to work with. The outcome of this survey is a data-oriented database for Ukrainian businesses and the state and public sectors. As the survey shows, the youth upholds values related to individualistic preferences and openness to change: young people strive for new ideas, adventures, and risks and want to be creative and go their own way. The older generation holds values associated with the preservation of traditions and customs, conformity (following rules and norms), and security. Representatives of different generations need different things from their potential supervisors. For instance, Generation Z feels it is essential to be able to ask their supervisor any questions they like, even if they may sound “ridiculous”, and be treated as equals by their supervisor. For Generation Y, their supervisor must discuss professional development issues with them: their goals and expectations concerning career advancement. For Generation X, the supervisor must trust them and build a climate of mutual support and collaboration in the team.

Daniel J. Whiteneck

This paper explores the process by which Great Britain rose to a position of global leadership in the 1800s. It examines the critical period from 1750 to 1792 when Great Britain moved from global leadership based on colonial/mercantile power to leadership based on industrial/commercial power. I hypothesize that the roots of the Pax Britannica of 1815-1873 have their source in the emerging liberal trading community created by the British in the fifty years before the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. This coalition of states was created around a dominant new idea (economic liberalism) based in the distribution of positive benefits from inclusion in the community, and intended to provide an innovative solution to the problems of international political economy created by the burgeoning industrial revolution. The community was created through the actions of successive British governments throughout the period, and served as the basis for the British-led coalitions which emerged victorious from the global wars of 1792 to 1815. This case study helps answer important questions about how Great Britain was able to move from one period of global leadership to another, and on a more general level provides some insights into the role coalition-building plays in attaining and exercising global power.

Titin Purwaningsih

This paper aims to elaborate the increase of political kinship phenomenon in South Sulawesi, especially from the perspective of political legacy of a candidate from particular political family. Utilizing a qualitative research method, the paper reveals that in kinship politics, interest in politics is transferred through political discussions within family, activities in political parties and social organizations. There is also process of transferring networks and family brands that will help a candidate to gain public supports. This paper also reveals that direct elections of local leaders and majority votes of proportional open list election system open more opportunities for political family to increase more power as family members are being elected in political leaderships. However, the quality of candidates tends to decrease as shown by relatively younger candidates with less political experience. The new political parties and the lack of regeneration provide opportunities for the members of political family to gain power in their early age. This paper suggests that the quality of candidate is an important feature of kinship politics which will enrich the previous studies in the characteristics of kinship politics as argued by Hess, Casey, Asako as well as Dal Bo and Querobin.

Patricia Maldonado Reynoso

Reseña del libro de Nicholas Negroponte, Ser digital, México, Océano, 1996, 258 pp.

Stuart Gordon

Whilst the protection of civilians (POC) in conflict has been a recurring feature of the humanitarian discourse the same has not been true in military doctrines, where the protection of civilians has long been cast in terms of arms bearers upholding their responsibilities under international humanitarian law (IHL). However, opportunities for and pressures on military actors to develop more specific capacities and approaches in this field have grown: partly as a response to the changing nature, location and scope of conflict, particularly the increasing proportion of internal conflicts fought by irregular armed groups in urban environments. It is also a response to the scale and complexity of protection challenges in the Balkans, Rwanda, Darfur and Libya - each of which has clearly demonstrated that threats to civilians are complex and dynamic and that no single international actor is capable of mitigating them without significant support from other institutions (O’Callaghan and Pantuliano, 2007). Despite the enormous growth in opportunities for interaction between militaries and humanitarians there is only a very limited literature on their interaction over protection issues and evaluations of the emerging doctrines. Consequently this article charts the growth in military policies towards POC in the UN, UK, NATO and a range of other states as well as drawing attention to the challenges that still remain in operationalising responses.

Alfonso Ybarra Bores

Mediation is an alternative dispute resolution process that every day is taking more relevance. The cases of couples and mixed marriages breaking-up are increasing, and in such cases international family mediation is shown as the proper mechanism to solve the disputes. Directive 2008/52/EC of 21 May 2008 on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters, whose transposition deadline ended last 21 May 2011, has meant a great improvement as an instrument with specific responses to cross-border family disputes. Unfortunately nowadays the transposition of the Directive into Spanish Law has not yet been taken place.

Michael Naylor Pearson

For most of human history there have been extensive exchanges of medical information all over Eurasia. Some diseases were considered to be geographically determined, and hence had to be cured using local knowledge. Other ailments were found in many places, but cures could differ according to location. Most healers, whether book based or experiential, took a non-judgemental approach to different healing methods, as seen especially in India in the early colonial period.

Frank Tétart

Within the European Union identity or separatist trends are observed in the frame of Nation-states members, for instance in Catalonia, Flanders, Scotland, Northern Italy, Corsica or the Basque country. By claiming national aspirations that often go beyond the only recognition of a cultural, economical or regional personality within their origin state, these trends are to be distinguished from “regionalism” and can thus be qualified as regional nationalisms. Not only their claim for autonomy can sometimes question the legitimacy of the state on which they depend, as today’s incapacity of Belgian institutions to address the autonomy willingness of the Flemings shows it, but also because their claim reference is that of the Nation-State. Regional nationalisms question in fact the potential splitting up of the European political space and the risks of dilution and breaking up of old European states into small state entities with limited economical viability seen as a factor of instability.

Ana Pažanin

The author deals with the war impact and the impact of coercive migrations on the changes of total population fl ux between two censuses. On the eve of and during the Croatian War of Independence, the migration of population of the Republic of Croatia from the war-engulfed areas to the free areas of the country or to the foreign countries increased. The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina has caused a new wave of refugees from that country and a further migrational fl ux in our country. In the article, the author has established, on the case of the war-engulfed areas of eleven Croatian counties, that the war and coercive migrations have caused a decline of population, the growth of aged population, as well as changes in national and confessional structure.

Luis Riffo P