Hasil untuk "Oratory. Elocution, etc."

Piotr F. Piekutowski

This article introduces characterisation of the tender narrator concept by Polish writer Olga Tokarczuk, which was a central point in her Nobel Prize lecture (2019). During the identification, three key elements of Tokarczuk’s project are specified: the bond of diegetic forms with climate and environmental crisis of the Anthropocene; dynamically changing, fragmented collective and individual perspectives; and the titular narrative tenderness manifested in sensitivity to more-than-human voices, networks, and relations. Through this, the potential of this idea is included in the repertoire of econarratological research and, more broadly, non-anthropocentric narrative theories. To detail the manifestations of the fourth-person narrative, as the tender narrative is also called, this paper problematises spatiotemporal experiences based on the example of Tokarczuk’s novel The Empusium (2024). In the analysis of how representations of time and space are mediated in the tender story, aspects such as interdependencies, despatialisation and fragmentation are brought to the fore.

Guido Scaravilli

Recensione di Concetta Maria Pagliuca e Filippo Pennacchio (a cura di), Tempora, i tempi verbali nel racconto Vol.1. Biblion, 2023; Francesco De Cristofaro, Paolo Giovannetti e Giovanni Maffei (a cura di), Tempora, i tempi verbali nel racconto Vol. 2. Biblion, 2024.

Burkhard C. Schipper, Tina Danting Zhang

We study dynamic decentralized two-sided matching in which players may encounter unanticipated experiences. As they become aware of these experiences, they may change their preferences over players on the other side of the market. Consequently, they may get ``divorced'' and rematch again with other agents, which may lead to further unanticipated experiences etc. A matching is stable if there is absence of pairwise common belief in blocking. Stable matchings can be destabilized by unanticipated experiences. Yet, we show that there exist self-confirming outcomes that are stable and do not lead to further unanticipated experiences. We introduce a natural decentralized matching process that, at each period assigns probability $1 - \varepsilon$ to the satisfaction of a mutual optimal blocking pair (if it exists) and picks any optimal blocking pair otherwise. The parameter $\varepsilon$ is interpreted as a friction of the matching market. We show that for any decentralized matching process, frictions are necessary for convergence to stability even without unawareness. Our process converges to self-confirming stable outcomes. Further, we allow for bilateral communication/flirting that changes the awareness and say that a matching is flirt-proof stable if there is absence of communication leading to pairwise common belief in blocking. We show that our natural decentralized matching process converges to flirt-proof self-confirming outcomes.

Jiajian Xie, Hubery Yin, Chen Li et al.

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable generative quality but remain bottlenecked by costly iterative sampling. Recent training-free methods accelerate diffusion process by reusing model outputs. However, these methods ignore denoising trends and lack error control for model-specific tolerance, leading to trajectory deviations under multi-step reuse and exacerbating inconsistencies in the generated results. To address these issues, we introduce Error-aware Trend Consistency (ETC), a framework that (1) introduces a consistent trend predictor that leverages the smooth continuity of diffusion trajectories, projecting historical denoising patterns into stable future directions and progressively distributing them across multiple approximation steps to achieve acceleration without deviating; (2) proposes a model-specific error tolerance search mechanism that derives corrective thresholds by identifying transition points from volatile semantic planning to stable quality refinement. Experiments show that ETC achieves a 2.65x acceleration over FLUX with negligible (-0.074 SSIM score) degradation of consistency.

Bahjat Ahmed Arafat

This paper investigates how rhetorical devices and speech-act pragmatics combine to produce political effects in two emblematic freedom-fighter speeches: Yasser Arafat’s 13 November 1974 address to the United Nations General Assembly and Nelson Mandela’s 20 April 1964 Statement from the Dock (Rivonia Trial). Using a mixed-methods protocol that pairs fine-grained close reading with a reproducible sentence-level annotation scheme, we coded rhetorical devices (metaphor, anaphora, antithesis, narrative, ethos, etc.), primary illocutionary force (Searle’s taxonomy), perlocutionary intent, and a binary felicity indicator for each sentence (Arafat N ≈ 123; Mandela N = 62). Quantitative analyses include device–act contingency tables, χ² tests with Cramér’s V (χ² = 42.8, df = 16, p < .001; V = .38), bootstrap confidence intervals, and robustness checks after collapsing rare categories; inter-coder reliability exceeded κ = .90 for primary layers after codebook refinement. Results show systematic device→act mappings: Arafat’s rhetoric clusters metaphor and antithesis with declaratives and assertives, facilitating institutional uptake in a diplomatic forum; Mandela’s rhetoric clusters anaphora, narrative, and pathos with commissives and assertives, producing moral authority in a courtroom setting. We introduce the concept of rhetorical felicity scaffolds—formal devices that help satisfy illocutionary felicity conditions—and offer a comparative model in which institutional venue shapes device→act repertoires and distinct perlocutionary payoffs. The study contributes a transparent, replicable method for linking rhetorical form to pragmatic force and advances theory on how oratory performs political legitimation.

Аскен Муханбеткалиев, Люзия Даминова

The article examines the issues of the history of the formation of the methodology of teaching rhetoric in educational institutions, as well as the state of teaching rhetoric to students of Kazakhstani schools. The author expresses the opinion that the formation of rhetoric as an academic subject of educational institutions at all times occurred according to certain patterns. The article also provides informative information about the teaching of rhetoric in Kazakh schools. The author argues that despite the various names of the subject and forms of teaching rhetoric, the introduction of rhetoric in general education institutions is always caused by high demand from society. The author provides evidence that the practice of teaching public speaking in secondary schools has not fully become the subject of theoretical and methodological analysis (systematization of teaching methods and tools, scientific justification for the selection of didactic material, examination of the exercise system, etc.), which, in turn, leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of classes, to deterioration the quality of knowledge In conclusion, the author notes that the practice of teaching rhetoric (oratory) in secondary school (systematization of teaching methods and tools, scientific justification for the selection of didactic material, examination of the exercise system, etc.) needs a full-fledged theoretical justification.

Chani Marchiselli

ABSTRACT This essay reflects on the public speech of former CEO and tech-entrepreneur Elizabeth Holmes in order to call attention to contemporary codes of masculine eloquence. Holmes’s speech style exemplifies what business scholars call the ‘New Oratory,’ an Anglo-masculine mode of address associated with neoliberal entrepreneurship and adapted to digital platforms. This essay traces the development of New Oratory in order to suggest that its conventions and ideological markers made Holmes’s speech sound momentarily efficacious, and argues for further consideration of how New Oratory and its elocutionary practices proliferate ideologies in the digital age.

Fiona Maxwell

This article investigates the ways in which late‐nineteenth‐century students at Northwestern University's Cumnock School of Oratory mobilised elocution training and parlour performance to foster mixed‐gender public discourse. I use student publications to reconstruct parlour meetings in which women and men adapted traditions of conversational speech to allocate artistic and political participation equally across genders. Women expanded their expressive range and political aspirations, while men gained new understandings of manliness and women's rights. With the onset of muscular masculinity in the 1890s, oratory students reworked their performance culture into an act of campus resistance and a blueprint for social reform.

Eleonora Lima

This article examines Levi’s treatment of eugenics in “I sintetici” and “Procacciatori d’affari” from Vizio di forma. The study builds upon Francesco Cassata’s analysis, which established that Levi held complex and conflicting views on the topic. These views mirrored his strong belief in avoiding limitations on scientific research while also revealing his ethical concerns. To further understand this predicament, the study reads Levi’s stories against the debate on eugenics that took place in England in the 1920s-1930. This debate engaged scientists and writers who significantly influenced Levi beyond this subject, including the Huxley brothers and Bertrand Russell. In this intellectual milieu, science fiction emerged as a favoured genre for exploring the intricate facets of eugenics and its ethical ramifications. By undertaking a comparative analysis between these antecedents and Vizio di forma, this study investigates how and why Levi turned to science fiction to articulate his conflicting thoughts on eugenics.

Younes Poorghorban, Bakhtiar Sadjadi

The present inquiry endeavors to scrutinize the process of identity formation with regard to the Culture/Nature dichotomy within the milieu of Lois Lowry's post-apocalyptic dystopian narrative, The Giver. The antipodal forces of Culture and Nature are instrumental in shaping the social subjectivities of individuals. Lowry's post-apocalyptic dystopia portrays a society in which these antitheses are comprehensively epitomized. Our objective is to explicate the genesis of post-apocalyptic identities and to elucidate the representation of Nature/Culture within the social context of the aforementioned literary work. Furthermore, the polarity between power and resistance, which is of notable import to cultural studies, is nonexistent within this post-apocalyptic dystopia. Consequently, the establishment of identities transpires not at the site of contention between power and resistance, but exclusively through the ascendency of the imperializing power. As a corollary, the elimination of the recollections of those individuals who are unable to oppose the imperializing power is integral to the construction of homogeneous identities.

Z. Kulamanova, T. Zhankulov, G. Bektleuova

In this article, we will talk about the knowledge of public speaking. We are talking about the requirements, types and styles of public speaking, about artistic means and the quality of public speaking. The article analyzes and describes the role and meaning of the Kazakh oratorical words Tole bi, Kazybek bi, Aiteke bi, etc. It is concluded that the cognition and interpretation of the oratorical word are excluded from the laws of speech, the style of the oratorical word, the main features of the oratorical word.

Olga Bogdanova

The article analyzes the novel of the modern Russian writer A. Potyomkin Man is canceled (2007), which received a wide public response. The main idea of the work is the need for a radical change of the “mass man” of the turn of the XX-XXI centuries at the psychosomatic level. The ideological and compositional center is the specially built Rimushkino estate in the Oryol province, where the serf spirit of the Russian Empire at the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries is reproduced. To answer the question of why the estate space of Russia is becoming the most representative field for anthropological experiments of the beginning of the XXI century, we consider the estate neo-myths of the Silver Age (the lost paradise on earth) and the Soviet period (the camp hell living in the mentality), as well as the imperial-colonial concept of the postmodern era (the estate as a frontier in the process of class-oriented internal colonization of the country). The multidimensional semiotics of the estate sets a new relationship between “metropolitan” and “provincial” concerning the other loci of the novel.

Kenta Iida, Hitoshi Kiya

In this paper, we propose a novel content-based image-retrieval scheme that allows us to use a mixture of plain images and compressible encrypted ones called "encryption-then-compression (EtC) images." In the proposed scheme, extended SIMPLE descriptors are extracted from EtC images as well as from plain ones, so the mixed use of plain and encrypted images is available for image retrieval. In an experiment, the proposed scheme was demonstrated to have almost the same retrieval performance as that for plain images, even with a mixture of plain and encrypted images.

Simone Carati

Recensione di Babbi, Anna Maria e Comparini, Alberto (a cura di). Letteratura e altri saperi. Influssi, scambi, contaminazioni. Carocci, 2020.

Tzvi Michelson, Shmuel Peleg

What makes a talk successful? Is it the content or the presentation? We try to estimate the contribution of the speaker's oratory skills to the talk's success, while ignoring the content of the talk. By oratory skills we refer to facial expressions, motions and gestures, as well as the vocal features. We use TED Talks as our dataset, and measure the success of each talk by its view count. Using this dataset we train a neural network to assess the oratory skills in a talk through three factors: body pose, facial expressions, and acoustic features. Most previous work on automatic evaluation of oratory skills uses hand-crafted expert annotations for both the quality of the talk and for the identification of predefined actions. Unlike prior art, we measure the quality to be equivalent to the view count of the talk as counted by TED, and allow the network to automatically learn the actions, expressions, and sounds that are relevant to the success of a talk. We find that oratory skills alone contribute substantially to the chances of a talk being successful.

Tejas Y. Deo

This paper presents comparison of custom ensemble models with the models trained using existing libraries Like Xgboost, Scikit Learn, etc. in case of predictive equipment failure for the case of oil extracting equipment setup. The dataset that is used contains many missing values and the paper proposes different model-based data imputation strategies to impute the missing values. The architecture and the training and testing process of the custom ensemble models are explained in detail.

Ayana Kawamura, Yuma Kinoshita, Takayuki Nakachi et al.

We propose a privacy-preserving machine learning scheme with encryption-then-compression (EtC) images, where EtC images are images encrypted by using a block-based encryption method proposed for EtC systems with JPEG compression. In this paper, a novel property of EtC images is first discussed, although EtC ones was already shown to be compressible as a property. The novel property allows us to directly apply EtC images to machine learning algorithms non-specialized for computing encrypted data. In addition, the proposed scheme is demonstrated to provide no degradation in the performance of some typical machine learning algorithms including the support vector machine algorithm with kernel trick and random forests under the use of z-score normalization. A number of facial recognition experiments with are carried out to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Joshua Ainslie, Santiago Ontanon, Chris Alberti et al.

Transformer models have advanced the state of the art in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. In this paper, we present a new Transformer architecture, Extended Transformer Construction (ETC), that addresses two key challenges of standard Transformer architectures, namely scaling input length and encoding structured inputs. To scale attention to longer inputs, we introduce a novel global-local attention mechanism between global tokens and regular input tokens. We also show that combining global-local attention with relative position encodings and a Contrastive Predictive Coding (CPC) pre-training objective allows ETC to encode structured inputs. We achieve state-of-the-art results on four natural language datasets requiring long and/or structured inputs.

Ginevra Carbone, Gabriele Sarti

Plug-and-play language models (PPLMs) enable topic-conditioned natural language generation by pairing large pre-trained generators with attribute models used to steer the predicted token distribution towards the selected topic. Despite their computational efficiency, PPLMs require large amounts of labeled texts to effectively balance generation fluency and proper conditioning, making them unsuitable for low-resource settings. We present ETC-NLG, an approach leveraging topic modeling annotations to enable fully-unsupervised End-to-end Topic-Conditioned Natural Language Generation over emergent topics in unlabeled document collections. We first test the effectiveness of our approach in a low-resource setting for Italian, evaluating the conditioning for both topic models and gold annotations. We then perform a comparative evaluation of ETC-NLG for Italian and English using a parallel corpus. Finally, we propose an automatic approach to estimate the effectiveness of conditioning on the generated utterances.

J. Thelwall, R. Lamb, Corinna Wagner