Sergio Moreno, Mohamed Amine Doukani, Ana Hipólito
et al.
During the last two decades, the Macaronesian archipelagos have been the focus of multiple studies targeting the abundant and diversified fossil record from late Neogene and Quaternary deposits. This record of past biota, ecosystems and climates is crucial for understanding the impact of glacial–interglacial cycles on Atlantic littoral marine organisms. Coupled with ongoing studies on the factors responsible for global climate change and associated sea-level variations, they contributed decisively towards the development of the modern marine island biogeography theory. Our current knowledge of the evolutionary and biogeographic history of the past and extant, shallow-water marine organisms from the Macaronesian geographic region relies on detailed analysis of many individual fossiliferous outcrops by means of quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Here, we focus on the fossil record of a newly studied MIS 5e outcrop at Pedra-que-pica (PQP), on Santa Maria Island (Azores Archipelago, Portugal). This multidisciplinary work integrates geology, paleontology and biology, providing the first detailed description of the sedimentary facies and stratigraphic framework of the PQP MIS 5e sequence that, coupled with the documentation of the biodiversity and ecological composition of PQP molluscan assemblages, allows us to produce a paleoecological reconstruction and to compare PQP with other last interglacial outcrops from Santa Maria Island. Our results increase the number of the Azorean MIS 5e marine molluscs to 140 taxa (116 Gastropoda and 24 Bivalvia). <i>Ervilia castanea</i> (Montagu, 1803) is the most abundant bivalve, while <i>Bittium nanum</i> (Mayer, 1864) and <i>Melarhaphe neritoides</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) are the most abundant gastropod species. In addition, this work emphasizes the crucial importance of complementing quantitative collecting with qualitative surveys of the fossiliferous outcrops, because nearly 42% of the bivalve species and 28% of the gastropod taxa would be missed if only quantitative samples were used. Derivation of Hill numbers and rarefaction curves both indicate that the sampling effort should be increased at PQP. Thus, although Santa Maria Island is recognized by the scientific community as one of the best-studied islands regarding the last interglacial fossil record, this study emphasizes the need to continue with similar efforts in less known outcrops on the island.
Saúl Guerrero Rivero, Javier G. Iñañez, Fernando Amores Carredano
et al.
The technological development of ceramic production during the early modern period in the Iberian Peninsula is a crucial topic in historical archaeological research. The present study analyzes pottery from Jerez de la Frontera, Andalusia, focusing on ceramic materials from the Convent of Santo Domingo (late 15th to early 17th centuries). Through the analysis of production wastes, including <i>dolia</i> and olive jars (<i>botijas</i>), this text unveils key aspects of regional ceramics practices. Using a multidisciplinary archaeometric approach, we applied petrography, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to investigate compositional, technological, and provenance characteristics. The petrographic analysis identified clay matrix variability and mineral inclusions, indicating diverse raw material sources and production techniques. The XRD analysis confirmed key mineral phases that reflect controlled firing temperatures, while the ICP-MS analyses provided trace element profiles that were used to distinguish between local and non-local raw materials. Together, these results reveal technological shifts and resource diversity over time, challenging the assumption that Seville was the sole supplier of ceramics for Atlantic trade. This study establishes Jerez as a potential complementary production center, offering a new understanding of early globalization processes and ceramics manufacturing in southwestern Andalusia.
In recent years, scholars have paid increasing attention to the material, spiritual, and collecting histories of both pre-invasion and colonial New Spanish (Mexican) featherworks. Rapidly and globally disseminated through religious and family networks, these objects traveled from Mexico to Spain, and other locations, before the end of the sixteenth century. This article explores the little-known history of a devotional featherwork <i>Ecce Homo</i> sent from Portugal to southeastern Africa in 1569. Originally a gift to Sebastian I of Portugal sent from the Spanish-colonized Americas, the <i>Ecce Homo</i> later entered the collection of Catherine of Austria, Sebastian’s grandmother. Catherine presented it to the Jesuits accompanying the Portuguese evangelizing and gold-seeking mission to Mutapa, a vast kingdom that encompassed parts of present-day Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Its intended recipient was the Mutapa emperor. However, this was not a gift meant to grease the wheels of diplomacy, nor was it designated as a tool for conversion: it was, instead, meant for the Mutapa emperor “se se convertese”—if he is converted. That is, it was conceived as a gift from one Catholic monarch to another, for use in personal devotion. The perceived spiritual efficacy of these feather images —themselves recently assimilated to Catholic Iberia from polytheistic Mesomerica—thus extended well beyond the transatlantic Iberian realms.
Qual o crescimento percentual entre o inicio do século XV e o inicio do século XVI no termo do Porto? Para responder a essa questão, o presente artigo contabiliza o número de contribuintes do Porto em duas fontes fiscais: o livro da abertura da rua nova (1438) e o livro da abertura da rua das flores (1521-1527). Temos por objetivo apresentar de forma quantitativa o crescimento populacional dos contribuintes que se deu no termo do Porto. Foram elaboradas tabelas comparativas das circunscrições com os valores populacionais nos dois períodos e respetivo crescimento percentual.
Luz Valente-Pereira (b. 1934, Lisbon) is a key figure of the 20th century Portuguese History of Architecture, albeit a forgotten one. This research is a starting point for establishing a more solid biography of this pioneer who initiated the first decades of female participation in the architectural field in Portugal. After some professional experience in different contexts, she developed a stable research career at the National Laboratory of Civil Engineering (LNEC) with studies on various spatial scales. We have used different methodologies: bibliographical review, consultation of national archives, and an interview with her. Our proposal is not only to create female references but also to broaden the historical readings on women’s participation in Portugal throughout the 20th century.
Dear friends,
These days our lives are run by COVID-19. Our gymnastic family mourns Dieter Hoffman, an excellent German coach and expert, a FIG Academy lecturer, who recently died of Covid-19. We do not know what comesnext but I am certain we all want to go back to our normal life.
Despite many negative effects of Covid–19, it had a positive effect on our journal. Our authors wrote as many as16 articles for this issue which is a record for the journal.
We are all adjusting to new circumstances. As you probably already know, conferences will be held online. Bulgaria will host a symposium on rhythmic gymnastics and Portugal on gymnastics. For more detailed information please see the following pages. Please join the symposia and take an active part with your ideas and views!
For this issue our authors researched many different topics, including biomechanics, motor control, motor learning, theory of training, physiology, psychology, physical education, sociology and history, in relation to rhythmic and artistic gymnastics and trampolining.
Countries participating with articles include: USA, Slovakia, Tunisia, Germany, Brazil, Australia, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, Greece, Iran and Ukraine.
AntonGajdoš provides a short historical note on Nina Bocharova, the Olympic Champion from Russia in WAG at the Olympics 1952 in Helsinki.
Our editorial board decided to make an exception and publish a letter –manifesto of International Socio-Cultural research group on WAG lead by Natalie Barker-Ruchti (USA)to the Editorand a comment on the letter by William Sands (USA). While we believe the letter and the comment present issues that may be important to our audiences, I’d like to stress that our journal remains focused on the publication of scientific articles presenting evidence-based solutions only. Nevertheless, there should be no doubt that our journal supports the United Nations Declaration of Human and Children Rights and believes its provisions should be respected.
Just to remind you, if you quote the Journal,its abbreviation on the Web of Knowledge is SCI GYMN J.
I wish you pleasant reading and a lot of inspiration for new research projects and articles,
Ivan Čuk, Editor-in-Chief
This paper is the fifth of a series and focuses on tracing the history of the use of gypsum based products as well as of the use of ground layers, centred on a review of published analytical evidence. The purpose is to contribute for the understanding of these long traditions which led to the choice of specific materials and practices used for producing gilding grounds in southern Europe. In fact, several practices and the raw material gypsum used in gilded surfaces do have an extremely long tradition, which can be traced back to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B. The systematic use of these materials, especially the use of ground layers for decoration and other purposes, suggests not only an intention but also, somehow, the notion of a complex concept, the concept of a composite material, even at these very early periods, from which gilding origins. In addition, the particular case of Portugal shows that aspects such as religious, political, and sociocultural influences played a central role in the choice of gypsum as the raw material, which was curiously used exclusively for gilding.
In 1818, the Swiss physicians Rengger and Longchamp travelled to Paraguay with the aim of studying its natural history. As a consequence of a failed murder attempt against Supreme Dictator José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, they were forced to stay there until 1825. Their experiences gave birth to the Ensayo histórico sobre la revolución del Paraguay. Considering the peculiarity of dictatorial rule at the beginning of the nineteenth century and the increasing importance of sentiment, the present article attempts to analyse this essay in light of the history of emotions. Beyond the dichotomy reason/emotion, the expressed feelings (fear, mistrust, honour, nostalgia, etc.) and the emerging emotional regime may legitimise or discredit the dictator.
As definições da democracia complicam-se sob o efeito de dois fenómenos: por um lado, a resistência das suas instituições tradicionais, todavia postas em questão pelas alterações sociais da terceira revolução industrial; por um lado, a expansão planetária dos seus princípios de acordo e em função da globalização do capitalismo. As aspirações de “mudar o poder” acabam por o contornar, como se já não fosse possível nem necessário tomá-lo. Neste artigo, questiona-se as contradições ao mesmo tempo que se procuram as histórias políticas - do republicanismo por exemplo - que pode ser uma opção.
I create murals that look like azulejos, depicting caravels and many decorative features seen in traditional azulejos, but my murals are made entirely of sugar. I make the sugar tiles and hand paint them with edible inks. I am interested in the azulejo, specifically with imagery of ships, as a symbol of colonial power and of national pride (the Nation of Portugal), but only for the means to subvert this pride. I developed this work in Brazil, addressing the country’s history of colonization and the slave trade that supported Portugal’s sugar empire. I continue to use the blue tile reference, even outside the context of Brazil, because I want to reference the general construct of colonization and slavery, showing how oppression has found new forms. I install my ephemeral murals on city walls, where they wash away, fade, crumble and decay, animating a more realistic version of history.
Arts in general, Museums. Collectors and collecting
Este artigo pretende contrariar a escassez de estudos sobre a geração de intelectuais que a partir de meados
da década de 1960, de forma clandestina ou semilegal, acabaria por modernizar o discurso político em Portugal. Ao contrário do que sucede noutros países, existe em Portugal uma lacuna historiográfica no que concerne ao estudo do pensamento e da obra de intelectuais menos catalogáveis, de fundo simultaneamente não-dogmático e radical, e desvinculados das ortodoxias dominantes. Propõe-se, portanto, com este artigo situar historicamente o pensamento autónomo e heterodoxo de João Martins Pereira no quadro de uma geração de intelectuais marcada pela influência do marxismo ou próxima deste. Nesse sentido, o artigo tem como eixos principais: compreender a heterogeneidade de conceitos e premissas teóricas que suportavam a mundividência política do autor de Pensar Portugal Hoje e, consequentemente,
entender este intelectual público como um autor comprometido com a esquerda, mas, em larga medida, afastado dos pequenos mundos estreitos dos intelectuais associados, quer aos partidos comunistas, quer aos partidos socialistas e sociais-democratas. Retirar o ensaísmo, a crítica teórica e as propostas políticas de Martins Pereira da sombra de alguns dos mais reconhecidos autores portugueses da segunda metade do
século xx é o objetivo deste artigo.
João José Pinto Ferreira, Anne-Laure Mention, Marko Torkkeli
It is common knowledge that history repeats itself! Maybe not literally, but patterns of behaviour likely dependent of the human nature, are probably prone to repeat themselves. So, one may wonder if looking back could help us prepare for a better future. Moreover, by looking back at the history of people and societies, we should all be able to have a better understanding of why things happen the way they do. This seldom happens, and when it does, it is happening within very limited circle of the society such as scholars and some politician circles, rarely overflowing to the whole society.
The point is that, what we see today is not very different from what has happened in the past. Let us go back to November 13, 1460, the day Prince Henry the Navigator, passed away in Sagres, leaving Portugal with an enormous debt. Despite that fact, Prince Henry was the “guiding force behind Portugal’s assimilation of nautical knowledge and its vast extension of maritime exploration for nearly four decades” (Kock, 2003, p.59). It is interesting that by that time intellectual property was already being managed. (...)
This article analyzes the transformation of the police system during the First Republic in Portugal. The republican revolution of October 5, 1910 brought with it the expectation of a profound reform and republicanization of the police structures. The following years, however, proved frustrating. On the one hand, political blockades have prevented an effective transformation of the police system: if the police were almost always on the political agenda, government instability barred the pursuit of the proposed reforms. On the other hand, this paper argues that, in addition to the political dynamics, we must also look at other elements, both organizational and professional, that have contributed decisively to the evolution of the police system in this period. Thus, the article ends by pointing out the importance of the aging of police force, the conflicts generated by the territorialization of the police apparatus and the formation of different professional cultures within the police forces for the history of police and policing in this period.
D. João I trazia em mente, pelo menos desde 1409, a realização de uma grande empresa militar na qual pudesse armar os seus filhos cavaleiros. Os preparativos começaram a partir de 1411, intensificando-se após o Conselho Régio de Torres Vedras, realizado em julho de 1414. Anunciada a partida da armada para o São João de 1415, coube ao rei garantir a organização da mesma, apetrechando-a de navios com artilharia e armas, o que fez a partir de Lisboa, de onde sairia para Ceuta. Também para a cidade de Lisboa concorreriam os homens, os produtos e os esforços de todo o reino, além da prata e do cobre recolhidos, bem como dos alimentos necessários aos homens que preparavam a empresa, incrementando-se, ao mesmo tempo, os trabalhos nas taracenas. Conquistada a cidade islâmica, pôde o monarca português armar os seus filhos cavaleiros, tendo o feito contribuído também para legitimar o reino e o primeiro rei da nova dinastia de Avis, percurso iniciado anos antes em Aljubarrota, assim como reforçar o prestígio e o poder de Portugal no seio da Cristandade e, sobretudo, no contexto ibérico.
En este artículo se presenta a un funcionario que laboraba en las playas de Yucatán, cuya presencia en la historia regional va desde la época colonial hasta tiempos independientes (siglo XVI-1867). Su papel no había sido estudiado en la América hispana. En esta investigación se dan a conocer asuntos legales e ilegales que el vigía realizaba en su puesto de trabajo, así como los hechos que el empleo tenía implícitos.
Abstract
This article presents an official who worked on the beaches of Yucatan, whose presence in regional history goes from colonial to independent times (XVI century-1867). Its role had not been studied in Hispanic America. In this research we give you to know the legal and illegal affairs that the watchtower (vigía) performed in his job and waht that employment had implied.
La política externa brasileña inicia cada siglo con una década fundacional. Entre 1902 y 1912, el barón de Río Branco definió las fronteras territoriales, los principios diplomáticos y el alineamiento internacional que –con matices y ajustes– regirían desde entonces. Durante la gestión al servicio de un presidente, Lula, con proyección planetaria, Brasil se convirtió en un actor global y multidimensional. La pregunta sobre el futuro de la política externa surge natural: ¿vendrán ahora décadas de pequeños ajustes hasta la próxima refundación o son esperables cambios significativos en el corto plazo? Es posible proyectar algunas tendencias, todas los cuales tienen un sustrato común: la aspiración de protagonismo global se mantendrá, pero combinada con medidas variables de retracción y reorientación.
En la discusión sobre la memoria histórica en la novela contemporánea española, apenas se ha tratado el tema de la descolonización del Sáhara Occidental que, sin embargo, está en el punto de mira de la sociedad y de los medios de comunicación. En este artículo se analizan dos novelas –El imperio desierto de Ramón Mayrata (1992) y Mira si yo te querré de Luis Leante (2007)– que representan ese episodio histórico e intentan ocupar un vacío en el campo literario actual.
Abstract
Despite being in the spotlight in society and the media, the issue of decolonization of Western Sahara has barely been addressed in the discussion of historical memory in the contemporary Spanish novel. This article discusses two novels (El imperio desierto [1992], by Ramón Mayrata, and Mira si yo te querré [2007], by Luis Leante) that deal with that episode in history and try to fill in a void in the actual literary field.