Hasil untuk "Environmental effects of industries and plants"

P. C. Nagajyoti, K. Lee, T. Sreekanth

Kun Wang, Taotao Zhuang, Zhaoxin Su et al.

Shams Forruque Ahmed, Nafisa Islam, Nuzaba Tasannum et al.

Discharging microplastics (MPs) into the environment with treated wastewater is becoming a major concern around the world. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) release MPs into terrestrial and aquatic habitats, mostly from textile, laundry, and cosmetic industries. Despite extensive research on MPs in the environment, their removal, and WWTP management strategies, highlighting their environmental effects, little is known about MPs' fate and behaviour during various treatment processes. MPs interact with treatment technologies differently due to their diverse physical and chemical characteristics, resulting in varying removal efficiency. MPs removed from WWTPs may accumulate in soil and harm terrestrial ecosystems. Few studies have examined the cost, energy use, and trade-offs of large-scale implementation of modern treatment methods for the removal of MPs. To safeguard aquatic and terrestrial habitats from MPs' contamination, focused and efficient management techniques must bridge these knowledge gaps. This review summarizes MP detection, collection, removal and management strategies. A compilation of treatment process studies on MPs' removal efficiency and their destiny and transit paths shows recent improvement. Bioremediation, membrane bioreactor (MBR), electrocoagulation, sol-gel technique, flotation, enhanced filtering, and AOPs are evaluated for MP removal. The fate and behaviour of MPs in WWTPs suggest they may be secondary suppliers of MPs to receiving ecosystems. Innovative MP removal strategies and technologies such as nanoparticles, microorganism-based remediation, and tertiary treatment raise issues. These new WWTP technologies are examined for feasibility, limitations, and implementation issues. Pretreatment modifies MPs size, adsorption potential, and surface morphology to remove MPs from WWTPs. Membrane bioreactors (MBR) can remove MP 99.9% more efficiently than other approaches. MBR systems require membrane cleaning and fouling control, which raises operational and capital costs. To reduce MPs, plastic alternatives and strict controls, including MP waste transformation, should be prioritized. MPs must be controlled through monitoring policy execution and awareness.

Fahrudi Ahwan Ikhsan, Sumarmi Sumarmi, Sugeng Utaya et al.

Controlling land degradation in conservation areas requires improvement, especially given the spatial impacts of human-environment interactions within the Meru Betiri National Park Biosphere Reserve, Indonesia. Drawing upon geosystem theory, this study investigated land change issues stemming from human-environment interactions within Meru Betiri National Park's conservation area. This study adopted a mixed-methods design that incorporated field observations, surveys, and in-depth interviews. Quantitative data were obtained from observations of the degradation landscape and a survey of forest farmers, while qualitative data were collected through interviews with key observer participants. Data analysis was triangulated through a Forum Group Discussion (FGD) involving forest farmers and policymakers. The findings indicate that forest farmer conservation practices influence knowledge transformation, environmental education, and funding mechanisms. These elements are integral to a sustainable "translation approach" to restore the conservation area's ecological landscape. The impact of ecosystem restoration leads to significant spatial and contextual changes within the biosphere reserve's geosystem landscape. This study highlights the implications of the interplay among farmer thinking patterns, funding, and policies for enhancing welfare through a sustainable critical land conservation model. Applying this "translation approach" offers valuable spatial and temporal conservation insights in protected areas.

Jaya Vinny Eapen, Sweety Thomas, Shelmi Antony et al.

The presence of high-quality water is essential not only for human survival but also for the well-being of plants and animals. This research aimed to examine studies investigating the occurrence of antibiotics, endocrine disruptors, and other pharmaceutical products in water, sediments, and organisms within aquatic ecosystems. These substances have been linked to numerous adverse health effects on both humans and aquatic life, including reproductive issues and neurotoxic effects. The pervasive utilization of antibiotics in medical and agricultural domains has precipitated their ascension as formidable environmental contaminants. Effluents discharged from pharmaceutical industries constitute significant contributors to aquatic ecosystems’ contamination with antibiotics. These pharmacological agents permeate diverse environmental niches, spanning groundwater, surface water, soils, and wastewater treatment facilities, exhibiting concentrations ranging from nanograms to grams per liter. Concurrently, the indiscriminate and excessive application of antibiotics worldwide has engendered escalating apprehensions pertaining to antimicrobial resistance—a formidable global health exigency. This review also delves into the impact of pharmaceutical pollutants on aquatic environments, particularly as endocrine-disrupting compounds. Analysis of surface water in River Taff and River Ely reveals a consistent discharge of approximately 6 kilograms of pharmaceuticals per day. The study examines particular pharmaceuticals, such as diethylstilbestrol (DES), chlorotriazines, chloroquine, and antineoplastic drugs, elucidating their varied effects on reproductive cycles. Pharmaceutical pollutants in aquatic ecosystems, originating from sources like wastewater, agriculture, and improper disposal, persist and adversely affect organisms through bioaccumulation and biomagnification. These contaminants pose significant ecological and health risks, necessitating effective mitigation strategies.

Steve Dann Camargo Hinostroza, Carmen Andrea Taza Rojas, Diana Lizet Poma Limache and Camila Jimena Poma Romero

The objective of the research was to determine the water quality index of Lake Chinchaycocha, which has faced pollution problems for several years. To do this, we worked with data from ten water quality monitoring points collected by the National Water Authority (ANA) during the period 2019-2023, after which the water quality index (ICA-PE) was calculated by analyzing a total of 12 parameters, using the Water Quality Standard (ECA) for water category 4 E1 (lagoons and lakes). The results of the physicochemical parameters indicated that the values of total nitrogen exceed the limits established in the ECA in 82% of the data obtained, pH in 13%, and phosphorus in 1%. In the evaluation of inorganic parameters, data from the LChin1S monitoring point showed that lead and zinc levels exceeded the values established in the ECA by 8% and 3%, respectively. Regarding the ICA-PE of the dry and wet seasons, it was determined that both present a good quality according to their averages and with the results obtained from the ICA-PE in a general way, it is concluded that Lake Chinchaycocha has a good water quality having total nitrogen as the main pollutant.

I. Made Wahyu Wijaya, I. G. D. Yudha Partama, I. Ketut Sumantra, Kailas Deoram Ahire and Fransiskus Vebrian Kenedy

This study explores the spatiotemporal variations in nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the Tukad Badung River, an essential water source for Bali’s communities, increasingly impacted by agricultural, domestic, and industrial discharges. Bi-daily sampling at six strategically selected sites along the river’s 18-kilometer stretch revealed substantial fluctuations in water quality, with downstream sites consistently exhibiting elevated pollutant concentrations. Ammonia concentrations varied from 1.5 to 4.2 mg.L-1, nitrate levels ranged from 5.0 to 11.6 mg.L-1, and total phosphorus concentrations spanned 0.5 to 2.5 mg.L-1, all of which were highest during afternoon sampling, likely due to reduced flow and increased anthropogenic inputs. Total suspended solids (TSS) exhibited temporal and spatial variability, ranging from 80 to 127 mg.L-1, with the highest concentrations observed at midstream sites, suggesting localized sedimentation from human activities. The nutrient dynamics displayed marked temporal variations, with concentrations rising during afternoon hours, reflecting shifts in human activity and changes in river flow conditions. Furthermore, the study assessed nutrient recovery technologies, such as precipitation and adsorption, which were able to recover up to 80% of extractable nutrients. These findings not only characterize the pollution trends but also highlight the potential of nutrient recovery techniques in reducing dependency on synthetic fertilizers. This research emphasizes the need for integrated watershed management and adaptive recovery strategies to mitigate nutrient pollution and enhance the sustainability of river ecosystems for future generations.

Kibebework Getachew, Wuletawu Abera, Tefera Belay et al.

Land degradation in Ethiopia is a pressing issue that demands immediate attention. Although various sustainable land management options have been introduced through top-down approaches, farmers have shown low adoption rates. The objective of this research was to assess the community prioritization of landscape restoration technologies and the appropriation of ecosystem services in the Basona-Worena and Doyo-Gena woredas of Ethiopia. The evaluation of land management option tool was used to survey farmers' preferences and compare different land management options based on input, cost, perceived advantages, and potential drawbacks.Data from 64 participants revealed that farmers were interested in a wide range of benefits. However, their top three preferences were increased food supply, enhanced soil fertility, and improved water supply. The study emphasized the need for site-specific land management measures. Farmers in Basona-Worena favored terrace and bund practices, while farmers in Doyo-Gena preferred exclosure and agroforestry practices. Conversely, the propensity of terracing to attract rodents and pests, the lengthy time takes to see results from bunding, and the cost of gabions were among the shortcomings that farmers identify in conservation techniques. Terracing was the first option for supplying fundamental ecosystem services in both locations, followed by biological measures, water percolation pits, and bunds. All farmers ranked the business-as-usual option as their least preferred option because they perceived it to have limited potential for yielding desired benefits. These findings provide a robust model for informed decision-making on suitable restoration technologies, holding promise for landscape restoration initiatives in Ethiopia and similar locations worldwide.

Hind Barghash, Zuhoor AlRashdi, Kenneth E. Okedu et al.

The drive to reduce global warming through the mitigation of carbon emissions from fossil fuels is on the rise. Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) contribute to Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) production. In order to achieve low GHGs emissions, this study presents two strategies for STPs. The first strategy involves generating hydrogen gas through Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolysis using treated effluent, while the second strategy is based on the adoption of a solar energy system. The study aims to conduct the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the STPs to determine the effects of the source of energy in hydrogen gas production from wastewater. In addition, a LCA for the STPs was carried out using the OpenLCA software for hydrogen gas production via electrolysis and solar energy integration. The findings reveal that climate change impact, fossil fuel depletion, and human toxicity, would reduce by 14,800 kg CO2-Eq. Hydrogen production with solar energy integration exhibits considerable reduction in environmental consequences with considerable improvements in Human Toxicity (550.11 kg 1,4-DCB-Eq), Climate Change (2711.70 kg CO2-Eq), and Fossil Fuel Depletion (1541.11 kg oil-Eq). The solar-powered hydrogen production strategy demonstrates how STPs can help produce hydrogen in a more sustainable and eco-friendly way by lowering greenhouse gas emissions, and reducing dependency on fossil fuels. Based on the findings of this paper, employing solar energy to produce hydrogen from STPs is a viable and effective approach to less environmental hazards and sustainability of energy for major water treatment industries.

Ali Amiri, I. Toor, Afaque Shams

Honghao Liu, Jinjiang Yang, Yaqi Jiang et al.

Plastics are extensively utilized across various industries due to their affordability, chemical stability, insulation properties, durability, and resistance to water. Nowadays, plastics have become an integral part of modern society, while microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are rapidly accumulating in soil, which could have detrimental effects on both ecosystems and human health. This review first analyzes the latest literature on MPs, soil and plant, and analyzes the future research trends. The review encompasses the latest findings on the effects of MPs and NPs on higher plants, elucidating the mechanisms of MPs and NPs absorption by plants from the soil and their resulting phytotoxicity. Furthermore, the review underscores the imperative for further investigations aimed at comprehending the long-term repercussions of MPs and NPs on plant growth, physiology, reproduction, and their potential entry into the food chain. Notably, NPs exhibit a unique propensity to translocate via the xylem to various plant organs, including seeds, raising concerns for human health, given their heightened uptake by plant roots compared to MPs. In addition, the impacts of MPs and NPs in conjunction with other environmental contaminants might be amplified. Finally, important concerns and potential future research initiatives in the area are considered. The authors call for urgent action to address the problem of plastic pollution and suggest that a multi-disciplinary approach is needed to find solutions to this global problem.

A. Rasool, Abdul Y. Ghani, Rab Nawaz et al.

Industries play a significant role in the improvement of lifestyle and in the development of a country. However, the byproducts from these industries are a source of environmental pollution. The proper use of the byproducts of these industries can help to cope with environmental pollution. Some byproducts have high nutritional content and are good for crop plants. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of different rates of poultry manure on the soil chemical properties, growth, and yield of maize. A pot experiment was conducted in the botanical garden of the Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Pakistan to investigate the effect of various treatments of poultry manure (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 g/pot) on the morphological, physiological, and yield attributes of two maize varieties, Pearl and MMRI. Treatment T1 was a mixture of soil and 75 g/pot poultry manure, T2 was a mixture of soil and 50 g/pot poultry manure, T3 was a mixture of soil and 25 g/pot poultry manure, and T4 was 100 g/pot poultry manure. Soil without any industrial byproduct (100% soil only) was used as the control (T0). The results revealed that the use of poultry manure enhanced the physical properties of the soil. Available P and soil organic matter were improved in soil amended with poultry manure. It is evident from the results that the vegetative growth of both maize varieties was significantly enhanced by growing in soil amended with poultry manure as compared to their respective control. Similar responses were also recorded for the physiological attributes of leaf area, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency of both varieties. Yield and yield-contributing traits of both maize varieties were significantly improved by growing plants in soil amended with 50 and 75 g/pot of poultry manure. It is also inferred that the use of 50 g/pot poultry manure in soil amendment is an eco-friendly and economically effective option for maize growers of arid and semiarid regions to enhance the kernel yield and profit per annum. Poultry manure could be useful to ameliorate the adverse effects of salinity stress on all parameters, particularly the grain yield. Furthermore, this would be a useful and economical method for the safe disposal of byproducts.

P. Dutta

Wastewater discharged by dye manufacturing and textile finishing industries has become an environmental concern. The textile dyeing plants utilize a variety of synthetic dyes and dump massive amounts of dyeing effluent because the uptake of these dyes by fabrics is very low. The plant’s photosynthetic activity is significantly harmed by this highly colored textile dyeing effluent, impairs aquatic life because of its low light penetration and oxygen consumption. Owing to the presence of heavy metallic materials and chlorine in synthetic dyes, it could also be harmful to some aquatic creatures. Therefore, these textile wastewaters need to be treated before their discharge. Various techniques for dealing with textile dyeing effluent have been discussed in this paper. Treatment techniques presented in this study include oxidation methods, physical methods, and biological methods. Also, the paper is prepared to compile all the updated data on textile dyeing effluents’ characterization and their impact on the environment from various journals and websites and some from personal communication with some factories. Since an extensive range of synthetic dyes, namely, azo dye, vat dye, reactive dye, disperse dye, is widely used in the textile industry, some of the dyeing effluents’ physicochemical parameters surpassed their standard limits. Hence, these days, the proper monitoring and corrective steps such as the elimination process have become the most thoughtful tasks globally, particularly the developing and transition economies. It is crucial to take immediate action to minimize environmental emissions due to the discharge of untreated textile dye waste.

Sudirman Sudirman

Coal is widely used as an energy source in several industries, especially for power plants (PLN), but on the other hand this causes waste problems or environmental impacts. Several studies have been carried out to utilize coal ash waste (fly ash) as an additional material [or as a partial substitution material] in making mortar. This research aims to determine the effect of adding coal ash and rice husk ash with variations of 5%, 10% and 15% of cement weight respectively (at ages 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days). on the 'compressive strength' and 'absorption capacity' values of the mortar. This research uses quantitative methods through a series of experiments on 60 samples or test objects with the addition of coal ash (fly ash) and rice husk ash in the mortar mixture with reference to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 03-6825-2002). Next, a series of tests were carried out at the age of 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days to calculate the ' strong ' value. press' and ' power absorb' mortar. The research results showed that with the addition of coal ash and rice husk ash, the mortar experienced a significant increase in 'compressive strength' when compared to ordinary mortar, the strength of the mortar reached the optimum level at a variation of 15% addition of the cement weight, reaching 240.96 kg /cm 2 . Meanwhile, with the addition of husk ash in the same variation, the compressive strength of the mortar reached 204.82 kg/cm 2 .

P. Latugan, J. J. Carabacan, G. Bonicillo, J. Cayog, M. Q. Eyawa, M. T. Cairel and J. M. Ngohayon

The end of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the total return of students and employees in Ifugao State University Potia Campus, a higher education institution located in Potia, Alfonso Lista, Ifugao, Philippines. However, the return of the pre-pandemic operations on campus caused problems in managing the generated municipal solid wastes. Hence, an analysis and characterization of the generated municipal solid wastes was conducted to determine important data that can be used for future waste management planning. The generated municipal solid wastes were gathered from the various waste generators within the campus for five consecutive days. The total generated municipal solid waste on the campus was about 140.10 kg.day-1, most of which was contributed by the canteens (20.86%). The generated municipal solid wastes were dominated by biodegradable waste (48.65%) and recyclable waste (37.26%). In addition, most of the generated municipal solid wastes were related to people’s food and beverage consumption behavior. The total volume of the MSW generated daily was about 5.647 m3. It is recommended that the campus create and enforce its waste management plan to specifically address the aforementioned characteristics of the generated municipal solid wastes.

Al Mamun Pranto, Usama Ibn Aziz, Lipon Chandra Das, Sanjib Ghosh and Anisul Islam

This work explores the detailed study of Bangladeshi precipitation patterns, with a particular emphasis on modeling annual rainfall changes in six coastal cities using Markov chains. To create a robust Markov chain model with four distinct precipitation states and provide insight into the transition probabilities between these states, the study integrates historical rainfall data spanning nearly three decades (1994–2023). The stationary test statistic (χ²) was computed for a selected number of coastal stations, and transition probabilities between distinct rainfall states were predicted using this historical data. The findings reveal that the observed values of the test statistic, χ², are significant for all coastal stations, indicating a reliable model fit. These results underscore the importance of understanding the temporal evolution of precipitation patterns, which is crucial for effective water resource management, agricultural planning, and disaster preparedness in the region. The study highlights the dynamic nature of rainfall patterns and the necessity for adaptive strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate variability. Furthermore, this research emphasizes the interconnectedness of climate studies and the critical need for enhanced data-gathering methods and international collaboration to bridge knowledge gaps regarding climate variability. By referencing a comprehensive range of scholarly works on climate change, extreme rainfall events, and variability in precipitation patterns, the study provides a thorough overview of the current research landscape in this field. In conclusion, this study not only contributes to the understanding of precipitation dynamics in Bangladeshi coastal cities but also offers valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders involved in climate adaptation and resilience planning. The integration of Markov chain models with extensive historical data sets serves as a powerful tool for predicting future rainfall trends and developing informed strategies to address the challenges posed by changing precipitation patterns.

Mosib Tayebi, H. Pourkhabbaz, Damoun Razmjoue et al.

Introduction: This study examines the effects of different concentrations of industrial wastewater on the growth, yield, and heavy metal accumulation (lead, nickel, and cadmium) in Dracocephalum moldavica L. (badrashb). It aims to evaluate how wastewater irrigation affects the plant's morphological traits and the potential environmental risks of toxic metal uptake. The findings provide insights into the safe use of industrial effluent for growing medicinal plants in arid regions. Methods: A greenhouse experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with five treatments (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% wastewater) and three replications. At the end of the cultivation period, heavy metal accumulation was determined after sample digestion using an AA-67OG Shimadzu apparatus. Morphological characteristics were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Results: The results indicated that the highest increase in morphological parameters was observed in the 75% wastewater treatment. Accumulation of lead and cadmium in the roots and aerial parts showed significant differences between the various treatments (P<0.05). The highest concentrations of lead and cadmium in the shoots were 4.16 and 1.6 mg/kg, respectively, in the 100% wastewater treatment, while the lowest concentrations were found in the control treatment. Additionally, the transfer factor of cadmium from the roots to the shoots was higher than that of lead. Conclusion: Irrigation with industrial effluent resulted in the accumulation of lead and cadmium in Dracocephalum moldavica, with cadmium levels surpassing the WHO standard for medicinal plants. This highlights the environmental risks associated with wastewater irrigation. If wastewater is to be used, it must be properly treated to meet irrigation standards in order to reduce potential health hazards.

A. Israel, Julien Langrand, J. Fontaine et al.

Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) have been used worldwide for thousands of years and play a critical role in traditional medicines, cosmetics, and food industries. In recent years, the cultivation of MAPs has become of great interest worldwide due to the increased demand for natural products, in particular essential oils (EOs). Climate change has exacerbated the effects of abiotic stresses on the growth, productivity, and quality of MAPs. Hence, there is a need for eco-friendly agricultural strategies to enhance plant growth and productivity. Among the adaptive strategies used by MAPs to cope with the adverse effects of abiotic stresses including water stress, salinity, pollution, etc., their association with beneficial microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can improve MAPs’ tolerance to these stresses. The current review (1) summarizes the effect of major abiotic stresses on MAPs’ growth and yield, and the composition of EOs distilled from MAP species; (2) reports the mechanisms through which AMF root colonization can trigger the response of MAPs to abiotic stresses at morphological, physiological, and molecular levels; (3) discusses the contribution and synergistic effects of AMF and other amendments (e.g., plant growth-promoting bacteria, organic or inorganic amendments) on MAPs’ growth and yield, and the composition of distilled EOs in stressed environments. In conclusion, several perspectives are suggested to promote future investigations.

O. Ndletyana, B. S. Madonsela and T. Maphanga

Fixed air quality monitoring stations generally monitor the air quality in developing countries. However, this practice, in addition to being costly, inherently contains drawbacks associated with the inability to capture the spatial distribution of air pollutants. Against this limitation, it is necessary to employ flexible and dynamic monitoring techniques that are fundamental and influential in comprehending the spatial distribution of pollutants. Because of this, in recent times, the application of GIS as a monitoring technique has proved to be more efficient than using fixed monitoring stations. Therefore, to this end, the current study mapped the spatial distribution of PM10 and NO2 pollutants in Cape Town CBD using the GIS technique. Subsequently, the GIS monitoring technique revealed that both pollutants had high spatial distribution between 2017 and 2018, irrespective of the season. Furthermore, high exposure concentrations of PM10 were generally observed across the CBD in contrast to NO2 exposure levels, which were relatively low. To contextualize the findings, compared with other studies, the current research discovered that spatial distribution of air pollution is associated with meteorological conditions, such as wind speed and temperature, that traditional techniques of monitoring exposure can’t capture.

Yanxiao Jiang, Zhou Huang, Linna Li et al.

Accurate and rapid censuses can provide detailed basic information for a country, which is useful for resource allocation, disease control, disaster prevention, urban planning, and business management. However, traditional censuses often take up much time, manpower, and financial resources. Population maps are created by national statistical institutes at statistical units. Remote sensing imagery combined with end-to-end deep learning models makes it possible to estimate a wide range of populations at a low cost. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a local–global dual attention network (LGANet) for population estimation using remote sensing images. The LGANet contains a local attention embranchment and a global attention embranchment on the top of the backbone to adaptively learn and integrate two discriminative features simultaneously. To enhance the precision of population estimation, the outputs from the two attention modules are combined. This method utilizes daytime remote sensing images as input, complemented by nighttime light data, to estimate the population on 1 km grids. Our method exhibits superior accuracy compared to other deep learning methods, as evidenced by an experimental comparison between the estimated population and the ground-truth population in 1 km grids.