Hasil untuk "Economic history and conditions"

M. Iravani, Zahra Khalilnezhad, A. Khalilnezhad

Applications of nanotechnology in several fields of petroleum industry, e.g., refinery, drilling and enhanced oil recovery (EOR), have attracted a lot of attention, recently. This research investigates the applications of nanoparticles in EOR process. The potential of various nanoparticles, in hybrid and bare forms for altering the state of wettability, reducing the interfacial tension (IFT), changing the viscosity and activation of other EOR mechanisms are studied based on recent findings. Focusing on EOR, hybrid applications of nanoparticles with surfactants, polymers, low-salinity phases and foams are discussed and their synergistic effects are evaluated. Also, activated EOR mechanisms are defined and specified. Since the stabilization of nanofluids in harsh conditions of reservoir is vital for EOR applications, different methods for stabilizing nanofluids through EOR procedures are reviewed. Besides, a discussion on different functional groups of NPs is represented. Later, an economic model for evaluation of EOR process is examined and “Hotelling” method as an appropriate model for investigation of economic aspects of EOR process is introduced in detail. The findings of this study can lead to better understanding of fundamental basis about efficiency of nanoparticles in EOR process, activated EOR mechanisms during application of nanoparticles, selection of appropriate nanoparticles, the methods of stabilizing and economic evaluation for EOR process with respect to costs and outcomes.

Wei Yu, Xiao Feng, Jian Wen et al.

Olivier Chovaux

L’histoire du football est autant écrite dans les grands stades des métropoles que dans ceux plus petits des villes moyennes ou des villages. Le bassin minier du nord de la France en offre un exemple tout à fait éclairant avec le stade de l’Étoile Sportive de Bully-les-Mines. Cette enceinte témoigne du dynamisme du football du Nord de la France dès la veille de la Grande Guerre et des aménagements et des œuvres sociales des Compagnies des Mines. Lieu autant de contrôle social que de réalisation de soi-même, le stade dont la tribune est achevée en 1927 est omnisport tout en devenant le terrain de l’ES Bully qui brille en Coupe de France. Aux heures de l’occupation allemande, le stade devient l’un des lieux de distraction en des temps difficiles. Il est aujourd’hui le théâtre du football amateur du dimanche.

Ayda Mussa Yousif Abdulrahman, Rafiduraida binti Abdul Rahman

This research aims to investigate the current operational status of the Ajman Police, focusing on identifying elements and issues that affect operational excellence. Using change management models, including Kotter's 8 Step Model and the ADKAR Model, the paper critically examines the hierarchical structure of the Ajman Police, its specialist groups, and their performance indicators. The problem statement highlights the negative impact of traditional and rigid organizational structures on innovation, responsiveness, and the limitations of implementing effective public safety measures, prevention, and community policing. The research design adopted is a qualitative methodology, and a sample of senior police officers was interviewed to record their views on the issues of operation and preparedness to change. In conducting the study, Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 participants. Results indicate that the Ajman Police has already ventured into technological advancements and civil policing. However, there are still gaps in continuous development, innovation, and the implementation of modern change management practices. The research proposes a culturally, operationally, and technologically oriented framework for change management, specifically tailored to the context of the Ajman Police. The study makes a significant research contribution to both the practice and theory fields by providing a guideline for a change management roadmap for the Ajman Police and other similar agencies, ensuring operational excellence in fast-changing environments.

Mikhail G. Katz

Infinitesimals have seen ups and downs in their tumultuous history. In the 18th century, d'Alembert set the tone by describing infinitesimals as chimeras. Some adversaries of infinitesimals, including Moigno and Connes, picked up on the term. We highlight the work of Cauchy, Noël, Poisson and Riemann. We also chronicle reactions by Moigno, Lamarle and Cantor, and signal the start of a revival with Peano.

Kiwhan Song, Boyuan Chen, Max Simchowitz et al.

Classifier-free guidance (CFG) is a key technique for improving conditional generation in diffusion models, enabling more accurate control while enhancing sample quality. It is natural to extend this technique to video diffusion, which generates video conditioned on a variable number of context frames, collectively referred to as history. However, we find two key challenges to guiding with variable-length history: architectures that only support fixed-size conditioning, and the empirical observation that CFG-style history dropout performs poorly. To address this, we propose the Diffusion Forcing Transformer (DFoT), a video diffusion architecture and theoretically grounded training objective that jointly enable conditioning on a flexible number of history frames. We then introduce History Guidance, a family of guidance methods uniquely enabled by DFoT. We show that its simplest form, vanilla history guidance, already significantly improves video generation quality and temporal consistency. A more advanced method, history guidance across time and frequency further enhances motion dynamics, enables compositional generalization to out-of-distribution history, and can stably roll out extremely long videos. Project website: https://boyuan.space/history-guidance

S. Javalkar, S. H, Shubha B. Davalagi et al.

Socioeconomic status (SES) affects the incidence and prevalence of a variety of health disorders, thus making it a significant factor of both health status and standard of living. Social security is influenced by socioeconomic level in terms of health facility accessibility, pricing, acceptability, and actual use. The requirement for creating a standard method of population classification based on SES that is applied easily and simply and is not based solely on income and has a scientific foundation is needed. The assessment of socio-economic status in surveys has evolved over time in India, with various scales and criteria being used to capture the economic and social conditions of individuals or households. As India continues to undergo socio-economic transformations, the methods for assessing socio-economic status evolve accordingly. Researchers and policymakers strive to strike a balance between traditional indicators and contemporary, multidimensional approaches to gain a comprehensive understanding of the socio-economic fabric in the diverse and dynamic Indian society.

Jaymohan Unnithan, Srikanth Krishnamurthy, Nandagopal Velayuthaswamy et al.

Developing countries face a huge challenge in managing obstructive lung disorders due to frequency, severity, management, and economic impact. Spirometry has been the popular choice to assess the severity and reversibility of airflow obstruction, but the success of evaluation depends on the practitioner’s skills and the patient’s cooperation. Impulse oscillometry (IOS), a variant of forced oscillation technique is preferred over spirometry since it can be performed without forced respiratory maneuvers. The objective of this review is to evaluate IOS techniques and weigh its benefits against spirometry. Publications from international electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched using relevant keywords for 5 years (2018–2023). A total of 416 articles were filtered, and of these, 70 were selected which specifically discussed the principles, procedures, parameters, and interpretations of spirometry and oscillometry. From the full-text articles included, we have reflected on the history, defined, explained, compared, and contrasted spirometry and oscillometry methods to establish the versatility of oscillometry technique to identify small airway functions and its application in special clinical conditions. This review presents an easily comprehensible synthesis of oscillometry and spirometry bringing out the principles, advantages, and limitations that are suitable for a larger spectrum of healthcare and research community.

Kshama Dwarakanath, Tucker Balch, Svitlana Vyetrenko

We present ABIDES-Economist, an agent-based simulator for economic systems that includes heterogeneous households, firms, a central bank, and a government. Agent behavior can be defined using domain-specific behavioral rules or learned through reinforcement learning by specifying their objectives. We integrate reinforcement learning capabilities for all agents using the OpenAI Gym environment framework for the multi-agent system. To enhance the realism of our model, we base agent parameters and action spaces on economic literature and real U.S. economic data. To tackle the challenges of calibrating heterogeneous agent-based economic models, we conduct a comprehensive survey of stylized facts related to both microeconomic and macroeconomic time series data. We then validate ABIDES-Economist by demonstrating its ability to generate simulated data that aligns with the relevant stylized facts for the economic scenario under consideration, following the learning of all agent behaviors via reinforcement learning. Specifically, we train our economic agents' policies under two broad configurations. The first configuration demonstrates that the learned economic agents produce system data consistent with macroeconomic and microeconomic stylized facts. The second configuration illustrates the utility of the validated simulation platform in designing regulatory policies for the central bank and government. These policies outperform standard rule-based approaches from the literature, which often overlook agent heterogeneity, shocks, and agent adaptability.

C. Engle, T. Hanson, G. Kumar

Abstract Catfish farming continues to be the largest segment of U.S. aquaculture, and U.S. catfish farmers have demonstrated resilience and resourcefulness in adapting to changing economic conditions. Commercial production began in the 1950s–1960s, with growth leading to processing and marketing challenges in the 1970s. By the early 1980s, the key production, processing, and marketing pieces were in place to transform catfish farming into a major enterprise. Keys included development of efficient aerators, nutritionally complete feeds, multiple-batch production providing year-round supply of fish, processing innovations, and creation of The Catfish Institute (TCI) for marketing and public relations. The successful expansion into nontraditional catfish markets attracted competition of pangasius catfish imported from Vietnam by U.S. seafood importers, free riding on successful marketing programs. The 2003–2013 contraction of the U.S. industry was the combined effect of four external economic shocks; trough of price cycle; 2001 recession; September 11 terrorist attacks; and Vietnamese pangasius imports. Prices fell to historical lows and remained below production cost for 3 years. Adoption of intensive systems (split ponds, intensive aeration) that reduced costs led to steady growth from 2014 to 2019. Lessons for U.S. aquaculture include the importance of fingerling/seed technologies, farmer associations, research, Extension, marketing, and state/federal support.

Leonid I. Gurvits

Space Very Long Baseline Interferometry is a radio astronomy technique distinguished by a record-high angular resolution reaching single-digit microseconds of arc. The paper provides a brief account of the history of developments of this technique over the period 1960s-2020s.

Rama K. Malladi, Phillip Thompson

As the United States is witnessing elevated racial differences pertaining to economic disparities, we have found a unique example contrary to the traditional narrative. Idaho is the only US state where Blacks earn more than Whites and all other races. In this paper, we examine how Idaho Blacks might have achieved economic success and, more importantly, what factors might have led to this achievement in reducing racial and economic disparities. Preliminary research suggests that fewer barriers to land ownership, smaller populations, well-knit communities, men's involvement in the family, and a relatively less hostile environment have played a significant role. Further research by historians can help the nation uncover the underlying factors to see if some factors are transportable to other parts of the country.

Elena Roschupkina

The article reviews the monograph "Singapore: Economic History" by Mariya G. Osipova, research fellow of the Centre for Southeast Asia, Australia and Oceania of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The author has managed to show consistently, step by step, the economic development of Singapore during two centuries, disclose both objective and subjective circumstances that led to the transformation of Singapore from a British colony into an innovative and financial hub of the world. At the same time, M.G. Osipova can be called a pioneer in the study of Singapore's economic development in the post-Soviet academic space. It is noted that the value of the monograph is not only to disclose the mechanism of rapid economic growth of Singapore in a short historical period, but also to conclude that the main secret of its "economic miracle" is the creation of a unique national economic model, based on the careful consideration of specific historical conditions of development of Singapore society, its national, religious and cultural characteristics.

P. Frazão

Untreated dental caries is the most common disease globally and fluoride use at the population level is crucial for its control. To investigate the economic and political conditions under which the trajectory of population-based fluoride use has occurred is key for a more comprehensive view on its current and future challenges. The objective was to give a brief history and summarize the information on the use of fluorides at the population level in Brazil from 1952 to 2017 and to point to current and future challenges. A critical overview was undertaken based on country-level analyses comprising political and economic conditions. The analytical approach adopted a set of premises applicable to the study of capitalist democracies. Fluoride methods of systemic and topic use began to be employed in Brazilian public health programs in the 1950s and in a combined way from 1974. Differences in political and economic contexts were highlighted for four periods: the first interventions from 1952 to 1974, when the fluoridated water law was approved; the expansion after 1974 until 1988, when a new constitution was enacted; the following time until 2010; and the final period. From the 1980s to 2008, water fluoridation coverage increased progressively, consolidating as a major strategy of systemic use in spite of inequalities among territories. Activities aimed to promote access to topical fluoride use increased and maintained stability until 2014, when they dropped sharply. Regulation of fluoride dentifrice’s quality remained insufficient. It was hypothesized that the strengthening of conservative liberalism and the increase in fiscal austerity observed in recent years might produce serious constraints on public investment and limit access to fluorides. To reduce inequities and promote benefits for all, including the most vulnerable groups, policies based on egalitarian and social justice theoretical perspectives are needed more than ever.

Luca Barbaglia, Sergio Consoli, Sebastiano Manzan

The goal of this paper is to evaluate the informational content of sentiment extracted from news articles about the state of the economy. We propose a fine-grained aspect-based sentiment analysis that has two main characteristics: 1) we consider only the text in the article that is semantically dependent on a term of interest (aspect-based) and, 2) assign a sentiment score to each word based on a dictionary that we develop for applications in economics and finance (fine-grained). Our data set includes six large US newspapers, for a total of over 6.6 million articles and 4.2 billion words. Our findings suggest that several measures of economic sentiment track closely business cycle fluctuations and that they are relevant predictors for four major macroeconomic variables. We find that there are significant improvements in forecasting when sentiment is considered along with macroeconomic factors. In addition, we also find that sentiment matters to explains the tails of the probability distribution across several macroeconomic variables.

PREFACE The theme of the Arctic, where geopolitical and economic interests of many countries intersect now, is truly relevant. In the Arctic ocean, Canada, Denmark, Norway, the United States and the Russian Federation (USSR) have a 370-kilometer exclusive economic zone off their shores. A part of the Arctic was owned by these countries in the 20s of the last century. In addition, more than 20 countries declare their readiness to develop deposits on the Arctic shelf, among them - India, China, South Korea, Brazil, Germany, Japan. Against the background of increased interest in the Arctic in the modern world, it is important to report on a wide range of issues to a wide audience. These issues characterize historical, business, socio-political and other activities of Russia in the Arctic region. The issues of interaction between the Arctic countries in the conditions of modern realities and public diplomacy are also important. List of Committees are available in this PDF.

Gustavo Rodrigues Rocha, Dean Rickles, Florian J. Boge

It will be presented in this chapter a historical account of the consistent histories interpretation of quantum mechanics based on primary and secondary literature. Firstly, the formalism of the consistent histories approach will be outlined. Secondly, the works by Robert Griffiths and Roland Omnès will be discussed. Griffiths' seminal 1984 paper, the first physicist to have proposed a consistent-histories interpretation of quantum mechanics, followed by Omnès' 1990 paper, were instrumental to the consistent-histories model based on Boolean logic. Thirdly, Murray Gell-Mann and James Hartle's steps to their own version of consistent-histories approach, motivated by a cosmological perspective, will then be described and evaluated. Gell-Mann and Hartle understood that spontaneous decoherence could path the way to a concrete physical model to Griffiths' consistent histories. Moreover, the collective biography of these figures will be put in the context of the role played by the Santa Fe Institute, co-founded by Gell-Mann in 1984 in Santa Fe, New Mexico, where Hartle is also a member of the external faculty.

Elena Rudakova, Alla Pavlova, Oleg Antonov et al.

The authors of the article have reviewed the scientific literature on the development of the Russian-Chinese cooperation in the field of combining economic and logistics projects of the Eurasian Economic Union and the Silk Road Economic Belt. The opinions of not only Russian, but also Chinese experts on these projects are indicated, which provides the expansion of the vision of the concept of the New Silk Road in both countries.

I. Irtyshcheva, M. Stehnei, N. Popadynets et al.

Article history: Received: May 29, 2020 Received in revised format: May 3

R. Chiles, A. Fitzgerald