Hasil untuk "Communities. Classes. Races"

Nimetullah Aldemir

The waves of immigration that surged after World War II, particularly from formerly colonized countries, have significantly transformed cities like London. This transformation has resulted in a multicultural landscape marked by diverse identities. Immigrant communities faced numerous challenges, including discrimination based on race, religion, and color. Adapting to a new cultural setting has also led to complex issues such as integration, identity crises, and the concepts of hybridity and multiculturalism. In Zadie Smith's On Beauty (2005), the hybridization of characters arises naturally from their experiences of integration, oppression, and a sense of being "in-between." These experiences highlight the tension between their inherited values and the discriminatory attitudes of the host country. The study explores the factors that influence identity formation within multicultural societies. It will demonstrate how miscommunication across races, genders, classes, and generations complicates life. This disconnection leaves young people without role models, prompting them to seek their identities, roots, and place in society. Ultimately, the chaos in people's lives stems from the gap between their lived experiences and prevailing ideologies. The study focuses on the issues of mimicry experienced by the colonized and the cultural inferiority imposed upon them by their colonizers. The study also examines how the colonizers distort the culture and identity of immigrants, which leads to a corrupt understanding of their roots and sense of self.

A Bailleul, M Hayani

We investigate races among prime ideals in number fields when there are two or more competing conjugacy classes. In their work [4], Fiorilli and Jouve studied two-way races in number fields and showed that-unlike the classical setting of primes in arithmetic progressions-these biases can approach the extreme values of 0 and 1. They also identified when these biases tend toward one-half (as the degree of the extension grows), which we call ''moderate biases'' because that behavior mirrors the classical case. In this paper, we extend their analysis to races with r competing conjugacy classes (rway races) and precisely study the cases where these biases are moderate (meaning they tend to 1/r! as the discriminant of the extension grows). Our first main result is an explicit formula for the bias in any r-way race (for all r $\ge$ 2), generalizing the two-way formula of Fiorilli and Jouve [4] and Lamzouri's r-way expression in the classical case of residue classes modulo q [12], under the same hypotheses. Using this formula, we give a criterion characterizing completely, in the abelian case, r-moderate races. Surprisingly, once r $\ge$ 3 this criterion is independent of r, making the two-way race exceptional. We also construct families of number fields exhibiting such moderacy, we prove density results for the values of logarithmic densities and exhibit different behaviors of those densities between the cases r = 3 and r $\ge$ 4.

Zhendong Ang, Azadeh Farzan, Umang Mathur

There are two orthogonal methodologies for efficient prediction of data races from concurrent program runs: commutativity and prefix reasoning. There are several instances of each methodology in the literature, with the goal of predicting data races using a streaming algorithm where the required memory does not grow proportional to the length of the observed run, but these instances were mostly created in an ad hoc manner, without much attention to their unifying underlying principles. In this paper, we identify and formalize these principles for each category with the ultimate goal of paving the way for combining them into a new algorithm which shares their efficiency characteristics but offers strictly more prediction power. In particular, we formalize three distinct classes of races predictable using commutativity reasoning, and compare them. We identify three different styles of prefix reasoning, and prove that they predict the same class of races, which provably contains all races predictable by any commutativity reasoning technique. Our key contribution is combining prefix reasoning and commutativity reasoning in a modular way to introduce a new class of races, granular prefix races, that are predictable in constant-space and linear time, in a streaming fashion. This class of races includes all races predictable using commutativity and prefix reasoning techniques. We present an improved constant-space algorithm for prefix reasoning alone based on the idea of antichains (from language theory). This improved algorithm is the stepping stone that is required to devise an efficient algorithm for prediction of granular prefix races. We present experimental results to demonstrate the expressive power and performance of our new algorithm.

Nadia Elizabeth Brown

سید جلال الدین حسینی, آزیتا رجبی, افشین سفاهن et al.

توسعه حمل‌ونقل عمومی محور، یکی از راهکارهای مهم و مصادیق توسعه پایدار شهری است که به‌منظور حل معضلات ترافیکی و بهبود شرایط حمل‌ونقل در شهرها مورداستفاده قرار می‌گیرد. در این رویکرد، برنامه‌ریزی و گسترش حمل‌ونقل عمومی، به‌عنوان جایگزینی برای استفاده از خودروهای شخصی و حمل‌ونقل خصوصی مطرح شده است. منطقه 11 شهرداری تهران یکی از مناطق مرکزی شهر تهران است که دارای بار ترافیکی بالایی است و به‌تبع آن با مشکلاتی در سیستم حمل‌ونقل شهری خود مواجه است. در تحقیق مذکور، باهدف انطباق شاخص‌های توسعه حمل‌ونقل عمومی محور با وضعیت فعلی منطقه 11 شهر تهران و بازپس‌گیری شهر از فضای خودرو محور به فضای انسان‌محور، شاخص‌های استاندارد توسعه حمل‌ونقل عمومی محور به‌عنوان مبنای تحلیل و رتبه‌بندی بررسی‌شده‌اند. در این رویکرد، با توجه به شاخص‌های مختلف، میزان قابلیت منطقه برای تحقق توسعه حمل‌ونقل عمومی محور ارزیابی گردیده است. به‌این‌ترتیب، این تحقیق به مسئولین و برنامه‌ریزان شهری کمک می‌کند تا بر اساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، راهکارهای مناسبی برای بهبود حمل‌ونقل در منطقه 11 شهر تهران ارائه دهند. روش تحقیق پژوهش حاضر ازنظر هدف؛ کاربردی و ازنظر متدولوژی توصیفی و ازنظر روش جمع‌آوری اطلاعات مبتنی بر روش‌های کتابخانه­ای – اسنادی و مطالعات میدانی بوده و در تحلیل اطلاعات نیز از نرم‌افزار سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی و روش­های رتبه­بندی و در مقایسه تطبیقی، از ضریب ناموزونی موریس و روش بی‌مقیاس خطی و از نرم‌افزار Choice Expert برای تحلیل سلسله­مراتبی AHP استفاده شده است. با توجه به نتایج حاصله، می‌توان گفت که منطقه 11 شهرداری تهران، به‌رغم داشتن پتانسیل بالا برای تحقق توسعه حمل‌ونقل عمومی محور، در شرایط فعلی ظرفیت تبدیل‌شدن به یک مرکز توسعه حمل‌ونقل عمومی محور را ندارد و جهت تبدیل‌شدن باید تغییرات وسیعی در ساختارهای فضایی آن ایجاد شود.

What makes science fiction genres better than others at challenging social conventions, especially gender? Are speculative works structured differently when addressed to traditionally under-portrayed individuals or communities? This collection of interviews elicits truly honest and thought-provoking responses that focus on the biographical dimension in speculative fiction, questions of intersectionality, genre (re)definitions and the politicization of fiction. It gives voice to women of different races, nations, classes and sexual orientations who write and edit speculative fiction – such as Ellen Datlow, Kathe Koja, Angela Mi Young Hur, Eugen Bacon, and Cat Rambo. The interviews clarify how the junction of genre and gender is a key element to understanding this literary field, while simultaneously contextualizing and theorizing the interview itself, as a literary genre and a research tool.

Zheng Shi, Umang Mathur, Andreas Pavlogiannis

Dynamic data race detection has emerged as a key technique for ensuring reliability of concurrent software in practice. However, dynamic approaches can often miss data races owing to nondeterminism in the thread scheduler. Predictive race detection techniques cater to this shortcoming by inferring alternate executions that may expose data races without re-executing the underlying program. More formally, the dynamic data race prediction problem asks, given a trace σof an execution of a concurrent program, can σbe correctly reordered to expose a data race? Existing state-of-the art techniques for data race prediction either do not scale to executions arising from real world concurrent software, or only expose a limited class of data races, such as those that can be exposed without reversing the order of synchronization operations. In general, exposing data races by reasoning about synchronization reversals is an intractable problem. In this work, we identify a class of data races, called Optimistic Sync(hronization)-Reversal races that can be detected in a tractable manner and often include non-trivial data races that cannot be exposed by prior tractable techniques. We also propose a sound algorithm OSR for detecting all optimistic sync-reversal data races in overall quadratic time, and show that the algorithm is optimal by establishing a matching lower bound. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of OSR on our extensive suite of benchmarks, OSR reports the largest number of data races, and scales well to large execution traces.

Ashling Courtney, Diego J. Lopez, A. Lowe et al.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic, inflammatory skin disease affecting Australians of all ages, races, ethnicities, and social classes. Significant physical, psychosocial, and financial burdens to both individuals and Australian communities have been demonstrated. This narrative review highlights knowledge gaps for AD in Australian skin of colour. We searched PubMed, Wiley Online Library, and Cochrane Library databases for review articles, systematic reviews, and cross-sectional and observational studies relating to AD in Australia for skin of colour and for different ethnicities. Statistical data from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare and the Australian Bureau of Statistics was collected. In recent years, there has been substantially increased awareness of and research into skin infections, such as scabies and impetigo, among various Australian subpopulations. Many such infections disproportionately affect First Nations Peoples. However, data for AD itself in these groups are limited. There is also little written regarding AD in recent, racially diverse immigrants with skin of colour. Areas for future research include AD epidemiology and AD phenotypes for First Nations Peoples and AD trajectories for non-Caucasian immigrants. We also note the evident disparity in both the level of understanding and the management standards of AD between urban and remote communities in Australia. This discrepancy relates to a relative lack of healthcare resources in marginalised communities. First Nations Peoples in particular experience socioeconomic disadvantage, have worse health outcomes, and experience healthcare inequality in Australia. Barriers to effective AD management must be identified and responsibly addressed for socioeconomically disadvantaged and remote-living communities to achieve healthcare equity.

Maksić-Mulalić Milica

Micro-spaces - small-scale public city spaces - represent an important element in the structure of the city, both functionally and aesthetically. Due to their small scale, their importance is often overlooked by experts and investors. The paper describes the concept of canopies at public transport stops in Belgrade, which were created in the period from 2007 to the present day. By multiplying the basic type of canopy and its variations, a recognizable element of the city image is built. By upgrading the basic project and introducing additional elements from the repertoire of modern design, such as "green" constructions, "smart" technologies, energy efficiency, etc., this form of urban space would be additionally affirmed and contribute not only to the comfort of users, the creation of the identity of the city and public city transport, but also to general interests such as safety, health and environmental protection

erislianautarinurfadillah sihombing, Novalinda, Faurantina Forlana Sigit et al.

The main impact resulting from sea level rise is the occurrence of high tides which result in tidal flooding to community settlements in Bagan Deli Village. This phenomenon has a negative impact on improving the quality of life indicators in a settlement. Inadequate house shape to prevent tidal flooding and irregular spatial patterns are factors in this research. The purpose of this study is to produce a floating house arrangement design solution which is expected to be a solution for areas affected by tidal flooding. This research method uses a pattern of circulation forms that already exist in Bagan Deli Village and applies the concept of a floating house design with architectural design principles. The results of this study will be published so that it can become a theoretical basis for the community and government in improving the quality of the community environment affected by the tidal flood.

Emyra Moza Isyraqi

Religious tolerance has become one of global issues in the world. So, Indonesia has regulation which specifies that the graduate competency standard for educational units for all grades is that students must accept the heterogeneity of faiths, communities, nations, races and classes. In this study, the textbooks which is published by the Educational Minister of Indonesia are also published under the category of Electronic School Books (ESB) in the form of electronic book (e-book). This study tried to examine the religious content reflected on three ELT textbooks currently used in Indonesia public high schools to teach Senior High School Students Grade X, XI, and XII

Brian Tigere, Theresa Moyo

Background: Persons with disabilities living in rural areas are marginalised and excluded in most developmental initiatives in South Africa. They face many economic, political and social problems; hence, improving their quality of life is a daunting and challenging task which needs interventions from both the state and non-governmental stakeholders. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the role played by community gardens in rural Limpopo province in uplifting the lives of persons living with disabilities as well as their communities as a whole. Its main objectives were to assess the social and economic benefits they have provided to this group of people. Method: A qualitative research design was used for this study. Twenty-one participants were identified through purposive sampling. They were made up of people with disabilities, officials from Departments of Agriculture and Social Development. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect data which was analysed thematically. Results: Key results were that community gardens have contributed to the economic and social well-being of persons with disabilities. They have assisted them with income to supplement their social grants. They also created jobs for their members and contributed to improved livelihoods of their families. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that people with disabilities are capable people who, if given the necessary support, can transform their livelihoods both socially and economically. The study recommends that a disability access audit be conducted to resolve the accessibility challenges of the garden.

Eduardo Ottaviani

El presente artículo desarrolla conceptos relacionados con la función que cumplen los espacios verdes en la salud y las influencias históricas de propuestas higienistas en edificios hospitalarios. En este marco, el trabajo se ocupa de la relación benéfica entre el ser humano, el hábitat construido y la naturaleza, cuando esta última comienza a ser protagonista desde el diseño de paisaje y las nuevas concepciones sobre la función de los espacios verdes y su aporte en la salud. Se exponen dos casos de estudio en los cuales la teoría desarrollada en la tesis doctoral del autor puede aplicarse en la práctica proyectual para el diseño de espacios verdes de hospitales en aporte a la sustentabilidad del hábitat.

Milind Chabbi, Murali Krishna Ramanathan

The concurrent programming literature is rich with tools and techniques for data race detection. Less, however, has been known about real-world, industry-scale deployment, experience, and insights about data races. Golang (Go for short) is a modern programming language that makes concurrency a first-class citizen. Go offers both message passing and shared memory for communicating among concurrent threads. Go is gaining popularity in modern microservice-based systems. Data races in Go stand in the face of its emerging popularity. In this paper, using our industrial codebase as an example, we demonstrate that Go developers embrace concurrency and show how the abundance of concurrency alongside language idioms and nuances make Go programs highly susceptible to data races. Google's Go distribution ships with a built-in dynamic data race detector based on ThreadSanitizer. However, dynamic race detectors pose scalability and flakiness challenges; we discuss various software engineering trade-offs to make this detector work effectively at scale. We have deployed this detector in Uber's 46 million lines of Go codebase hosting 2100 distinct microservices, found over 2000 data races, and fixed over 1000 data races, spanning 790 distinct code patches submitted by 210 unique developers over a six-month period. Based on a detailed investigation of these data race patterns in Go, we make seven high-level observations relating to the complex interplay between the Go language paradigm and data races.

Ahmad Ilderim Tokey

This article examines the social equity of e-scooter availability across different socially disadvantaged groups in Minneapolis, MN (USA). The city’s northwestern part with high poverty rates has a higher e-scooter availability rate than its counterparts. Also, this study did not find any significant inequality involved with race or educational attainment. However, while the city performed well on these, areas with a high percentage of commuters, dependent on transit, bike, and walking, have fewer e-scooters available on their streets. As such an area, the local models of this study underscore the need for more e-scooter deployment in areas close to downtown.

Michelle F. Ramos Pellicia

In this essay, I argue that our work as educators transcends published articles, books and conferences, and that the classroom is one of the sites where the seeds of change in attitudes can be planted. The role of educators in students’ lives and the importance of creating an environment in which students can develop their critical thinking is well documented (Charity 2008; Bucholtz et al. 2018). This work is particularly relevant and imperative in the language and linguistics classrooms. Language and linguistic classes have been thought of and conceptualized to be apolitical spaces where language is taught in a cultural setting devoid of any legislative or civic connection. It is extremely important to recognize the value of an inclusive education, one that respects and empowers all the diverse voices, languages, cultures and races, yet our current educational system believes in a one-size-fits-all curriculum with “English-only policy policies; narrow, decontextualized language and literacy programs in poor communities of color ... [and] explicit ban[s] on studying the histories, literatures, and struggles of particular ethnic groups” (Paris 2012), with the clear intention of pushing a monolingual white, middle-class model. This whitening of the curriculum is not beneficial to students of color. On the contrary, the curriculum and materials do not have at their center the cultural and linguistic needs of students of color; they are diluted. The culture that is so essential in the classroom curriculum is instead otherized and exoticized, evidence that the classroom is a battleground for power and politics. Language educators and linguists have the responsibility to develop students’ critical thinking in such a way that disparities in language use and accessibility are obvious. The educator needs to be an engaging figure that captures the students’ attention and encourages active student participation, an activist who questions and discusses the legislative and civic consequences of decisions made at the micro and

P. Christuraj

Entrepreneurship is the propensity of mind to take calculated risks with confidence to achieve a pre-determined business or industrial objective: In substance, it is the risk-taking ability of the individual, broadly coupled with correct decision-making. When one witnesses a relatively larger number of individuals and that too,’ generation after generation in a particular community, who engage themselves in the industrial or commercial pursuits and appear to take risks and show enterprise, it is acknowledged to be a commercial class. The commercial class is a myth just like that of the so-called martial race. There are neither, for all time, martial races nor commercial classes. Communities which in the course history once appeared to be martial in spirit have in later period emerged as mercantile societies. Those who were once concerned with and relished in trade, later in history seem to have taken to the profession of these words. The present study aims to find out the consumer perception on junk food sector: entrepreneurial impacts of informal fast food in Chidambaram town. Primary data for the study has been gathered through field survey which was conducted during January–February 2020. 216 sample consumers were selected random sampling method adopted in the present study for this investigation. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA and t-test analysis were applied. The findings and observations are the result and outcome of the interpretations made during the study of analysis thereby to frame implications for study.

Trinita Yulinda Sirait, E. Soponyono

Andrei Miroiu

Umang Mathur, Andreas Pavlogiannis, Mahesh Viswanathan

Concurrent programs are notoriously hard to write correctly, as scheduling nondeterminism introduces subtle errors that are both hard to detect and to reproduce. The most common concurrency errors are (data) races, which occur when memory-conflicting actions are executed concurrently. Consequently, considerable effort has been made towards developing efficient techniques for race detection. The most common approach is dynamic race prediction: given an observed, race-free trace $σ$ of a concurrent program, the task is to decide whether events of $σ$ can be correctly reordered to a trace $σ^*$ that witnesses a race hidden in $σ$. In this work we introduce the notion of sync(hronization)-preserving races. A sync-preserving race occurs in $σ$ when there is a witness $σ^*$ in which synchronization operations (e.g., acquisition and release of locks) appear in the same order as in $σ$. This is a broad definition that strictly subsumes the famous notion of happens-before races. Our main results are as follows. First, we develop a sound and complete algorithm for predicting sync-preserving races. For moderate values of parameters like the number of threads, the algorithm runs in $\widetilde{O}(\mathcal{N})$ time and space, where $\mathcal{N}$ is the length of the trace $σ$. Second, we show that the problem has a $Ω(\mathcal{N}/\log^2 \mathcal{N})$ space lower bound, and thus our algorithm is essentially time and space optimal. Third, we show that predicting races with even just a single reversal of two sync operations is $\operatorname{NP}$-complete and even $\operatorname{W}[1]$-hard when parameterized by the number of threads. Thus, sync-preservation characterizes exactly the tractability boundary of race prediction, and our algorithm is nearly optimal for the tractable side.