Hasil untuk "Analytical chemistry"

P. Nowak, Renata Wietecha-Posłuszny, J. Pawliszyn

Abstract The concept of White Analytical Chemistry (WAC) is presented as an extension of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC). We propose the 12 WAC principles as an alternative to the known 12 GAC principles. In addition to green aspects, WAC takes into account other key criteria affecting the quality of the method, analytical (red) and practical (blue). In reference to the RGB color model, according to which mixing of red, green and blue light beams gives the impression of whiteness, a white analytical method shows the coherence and synergy of the analytical, ecological and practical attributes. Whiteness can also be quantified, based on the assessment of individual principles, as a convenient parameter useful in comparisons and selecting optimal method. WAC is closer to the idea of sustainable development due to a more holistic view, as it strives for a compromise that avoids an unconditional increase in greenness at the expense of functionality.

M. Bezerra, R. Santelli, E. P. Oliveira et al.

Muhammad Sajid, J. Płotka-Wasylka

Green analytical chemistry encourages reducing the use of toxic chemicals/reagents, using energy-efficient equipment, and generating minimal waste. The recent trends in analytical method development focus on the miniaturization of the sample preparation devices, the development of solventless or solvent-minimized extraction techniques, and the utilization of less toxic solvents. The twelve principles of GAC serve as a basic guideline for inducing greenness in the analytical procedures. Despite these guidelines, in many conditions, some undesired steps are unavoidable. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the greenness of analytical procedures to assess and, if possible, reduce their impact on the environment and workers. Several metrics have been developed for the evaluation of the greenness of analytical procedures. Analytical Eco-Scale, Green Analytical Procedure Index, and Analytical Greenness Metric are among some important tools for assessing the greenness of analytical procedures. All these metrics take different aspects of the analytical procedure into account to provide the green index of the procedure. This review covered these metrics, their principles, and examples of their application to selected analytical procedures. The advantages and limitations of these metrics with the perspective of common reader/user are presented. We believe that this paper will inspire many new perspectives and developments in this area.

E. Ziegel

Meikun Fan, Gustavo F. S. Andrade, A. Brolo

This review is focused on recent developments of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications in Analytical Chemistry. The work covers advances in the fabrication methods of SERS substrates, including nanoparticles immobilization techniques and advanced nanopatterning with metallic features. Recent insights in quantitative and sampling methods for SERS implementation and the development of new SERS-based approaches for both qualitative and quantitative analysis are discussed. The advent of methods for pre-concentration and new approaches for single-molecule SERS quantification, such as the digital SERS procedure, has provided additional improvements in the analytical figures-of-merit for analysis and assays based on SERS. The use of metal nanostructures as SERS detection elements integrated in devices, such as microfluidic systems and optical fibers, provided new tools for SERS applications that expand beyond the laboratory environment, bringing new opportunities for real-time field tests and process monitoring based on SERS. Finally, selected examples of SERS applications in analytical and bioanalytical chemistry are discussed. The breadth of this work reflects the vast diversity of subjects and approaches that are inherent to the SERS field. The state of the field indicates the potential for a variety of new SERS-based methods and technologies that can be routinely applied in analytical laboratories.

F. Mansour, Alaa Bedair, Marcello Locatelli

Lei Yin, Luyao Yu, Yingxia Guo et al.

Green analytical chemistry (GAC) focuses on mitigating the adverse effects of analytical activities on human safety, human health, and environment. In addition to the 12 principles of GAC, proper GAC tools should be developed and employed to assess the greenness of different analytical assays. The 15 widely used GAC metrics, i.e., national environmental methods index (NEMI), advanced NEMI, assessment of green profile (AGP), chloroform-oriented toxicity estimation scale (ChlorTox Scale), Analytical Eco-Scale, Green Certificate Modified Eco-Scale, analytical method greenness score (AMGS), green analytical procedure index (GAPI), ComplexGAPI, red-green-blue (RGB) additive color model, RGB 12 algorithm, analytical greenness calculator (AGREE), AGREE preparation (AGREEprep), HEXAGON, and blue applicability grade index (BAGI), are selected as the typical tools. This article comprehensively presents and elucidates the principles, characteristics, merits, and demerits of 15 widely used GAC tools. This review is helpful for researchers to use the current GAC metrics to assess the environmental sustainability of analytical assays.

Meiyun Shi, X. Zheng, Ning Zhang et al.

Sirong Li, Yihong Zhang, Quan Wang et al.

■ CONTENTS Nanozymes with Higher Activity 312 Improving the Inherent Activity of Nanozymes 313 Acquired Activity of Nanozymes 313 Nanozymes with Better Specificity 314 Improving the Inherent Specificity of Nanozymes 314 Acquired Specificity of Nanozymes 315 Nanozyme-Enabled Analytical Chemistry in Vitro 315 Multifunctional Nanozyme-Enabled in Vitro Detection 315 Nanozyme Powered Strips/Devices 316 Nanozyme-Enabled Drug Analysis 316 Nanozyme-Enabled Analytical Chemistry in Vivo 318 In Vivo Sensing Platforms 318 In Vivo Diagnosis and Imaging 318 Conclusions and Perspectives 321 Mechanism Studies of Nanozymes 321 Commercial Products with Nanozymes 321 Associated Content 321 Supporting Information 321 Author Information 321 Corresponding Author 321 Authors 321 Author Contributions 321 Notes 321 Biographies 321 Acknowledgments 322 References 322

A. Meher, Akli Zarouri

Green analytical chemistry represents a transformative approach to analytical science, emphasizing sustainability and environmental stewardship while maintaining high standards of accuracy and precision. This review highlights recent innovations in green analytical chemistry, including the use of green solvents, such as water, supercritical carbon dioxide, ionic liquids, and bio-based alternatives, as well as energy-efficient techniques like microwave-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, and photo-induced processes. Advances in green instrumentation, including miniaturized and portable devices, and the integration of automation and chemometric tools, have further enhanced efficiency and reduced the environmental footprint of analytical workflows. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, including the need to balance analytical performance with eco-friendliness and the lack of global standards to measure and promote sustainable practices consistently. However, the future of green analytical chemistry looks promising, with emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and digital tools offering new ways to optimize workflows, minimize waste, and streamline analytical processes. By focusing on these areas, green analytical chemistry is transforming analytical methodologies into tools that not only achieve high performance but also align with global sustainability goals. This review underscores how green analytical chemistry is more than just a scientific discipline, but a pathway for reducing the ecological impact of analytical processes while driving innovation in science and industry. With the continued commitment to research, collaboration, and the adoption of cutting-edge technologies, green analytical chemistry has the potential to shape a greener and more sustainable future for analytical chemistry and its diverse applications.

Rafael Cardoso Rial

This article explores the influence and applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in analytical chemistry, highlighting its potential to revolutionize the analysis of complex data sets and the development of innovative analytical methods. Additionally, it discusses the role of AI in interpreting large-scale data and optimizing experimental processes. AI has been fundamental in managing heterogeneous data and in advanced analysis of complex spectra in areas such as spectroscopy and chromatography. The article also examines the historical development of AI in chemistry, its current challenges, including the interpretation of AI models and the integration of large volumes of data. Finally, it forecasts future trends and the potential impact of AI on analytical chemistry, emphasizing the need for ethical and secure approaches in the use of AI.

Mehak Pant, Lubna Salman, Anupama V. Betigeri et al.

Background: Students belong to the most significant groups of individuals that use technology. Screen time impacts several factors including health and behavior. It is still mostly unknown how physical activity and screen-grounded programming interact to affect health-related quality of life. Methods: The study had been carried out as a crossed sectional survey. (google form survey circulated to participating university students). The student selection for this cross-sectional survey, included all undergraduate students aged 18–30 years, studying in MRIIRS, Faridabad. Participants-100, inclusion criteria age: 18–30 years university students exclusion criteria age: below 18 years. Results and Conclusion: The findings indicated that the combination of excessive screen time and no physical activity had the biggest detrimental effect on “health-related quality of life”.

Modar Sadek, Nazira Sarkis, George Jangi

This work presents the development and application of an innovative green supramolecular deep eutectic solvent (SUPRADES)-based DLLME approach for the extraction and quantification of melamine in milk matrices. For this purpose, thymol and nonanoic acid were combined to create a hydrophobic DES, which was then utilized as the extraction solvent. Additionally, a ternary SUPRADES based on a hydrophilic DES composed of choline chloride and ethylene glycol and doped with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was prepared and applied as the disperser solvent. Critical parameters were optimized systematically, yielding the following optimal conditions: Extraction solvent volume: 150 μL; disperser solvent: 600 μL; β-CD: 1% (w/v); pH: 7; extraction time: 1 min; and sample solution volume: 5 mL. Interestingly, the salting-out step did not affect the extraction efficiency. The optimized approach showed good linearity (100–900 ng/mL) with R2 = 0.998 when validated with matrix-matched calibration standards. The LOD and LOQ were 27 and 81 ng/mL, respectively, and the enrichment factor was 41. Method accuracy and precision were evaluated through recovery studies using milk samples fortified with melamine at three concentration levels (200, 500, and 800 ng/mL), and the recovery values were obtained in the range of 92–107%, with RSD < 5%. A greenness score of 79 was attained by the method, as quantified by the advanced ComplexMoGAPI. Lastly, this technique was successfully applied to extract and determine melamine in real samples of powdered milk, infant formula, and raw milk with acceptable and satisfactory results.

Rehab H. Elattar, Samah F. El-Malla, Amira H. Kamal et al.

G. Gullifa, L. Barone, E. Papa et al.

There is a growing interest for cost-effective and nondestructive analytical techniques in both research and application fields. The growing approach by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRs) pushes to develop handheld devices devoted to be easily applied for in situ determinations. Consequently, portable NIR spectrometers actually result definitively recognized as powerful instruments, able to perform nondestructive, online, or in situ analyses, and useful tools characterized by increasingly smaller size, lower cost, higher robustness, easy-to-use by operator, portable and with ergonomic profile. Chemometrics play a fundamental role to obtain useful and meaningful results from NIR spectra. In this review, portable NIRs applications, published in the period 2019–2022, have been selected to indicate starting references. These publications have been chosen among the many examples of the most recent applications to demonstrate the potential of this analytical approach which, not having the need for extraction processes or any other pre-treatment of the sample under examination, can be considered the “true green analytical chemistry” which allows the analysis where the sample to be characterized is located. In the case of industrial processes or plant or animal samples, it is even possible to follow the variation or evolution of fundamental parameters over time. Publications of specific applications in this field continuously appear in the literature, often in unfamiliar journal or in dedicated special issues. This review aims to give starting references, sometimes not easy to be found.

E. Psillakis, F. Pena-Pereira

Samara Soares, G. M. Fernandes, F. R. Rocha

Neelam Gusain, Ashish P. Anjankar, Ranjit S. Ambad et al.

One of the biggest health issues facing women in their childbearing years worldwide is polycystic ovarian syndrome, or PCOS. PCOS is a prevalent endocrine condition with well-known negative effects on metabolism, reproduction, and cardiovascular health that contribute to substantial morbidity. There are still many unanswered questions regarding the precise mechanisms by which PCOS arises, and research into the disorder’s nature is ongoing. This study aims to investigate this uncharted horizon of PCOS by analyzing association between serum Caspase-1, IL-10, and biochemical indices relative to insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), hyperandrogenism (FAI), dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress in our female population. It expands on the significance of inflammation and insulin resistance, together with dyslipidemia in the advancement and signs and symptoms of PCOS. The work’s preface highlights the goal of advancing medical science’s ability to treat patients with illnesses and makes the case that interdisciplinary cooperation between gynecology, endocrinology, and biochemistry improves patient care. Our objective is to identify potential strategies to lessen the effects of PCOS in order to enhance the results of its diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventative measures for the millions of women who are affected.

Arın Gül Dal Poçan

Background: Fluconazole is a triazole antifungal agent widely employed in the treat ment of systemic and superficial fungal infections. Accurate, precise, and reliable quantification of the active pharmaceutical ingredient in dosage forms is of critical importance for both quality control and therapeutic efficacy. Methods: In this study, a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the quantitative determina tion of fluconazole in pharmaceutical preparations. Chromatographic separation was performed using a Zorbax C18 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of a methanol–water mixture (70 : 30, v/v) in an isocratic system at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The injection volume was set at 5 μL, the detection wavelength at 210 nm, and the column temperature at 30°C. The system suitability parameters of the method were found to be within the acceptable limits. Results: The retention time for fluconazole was determined as 1.13 ± 0.03 minutes. The method demonstrated linearity within the concentration range of 3.0 × 10−7 M to 9.0 × 10−6 M, with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9999. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were calculated as 6.0 × 10−8 M and 1.8 × 10−7 M, respectively. Accuracy and precision values were within acceptable ranges for both intra-day and inter-day analyses. Recovery values ranged from 96.2% to 101.3%, while the relative standard deviation values remained below 2%. Conclusion: The developed RP-HPLC method is a simple, accurate, precise, and robust approach that can be employed for the routine quality control of fluconazolen in pharmaceutical preparations. Moreover, the high sensitivity and reproducibility of the method indicate its potential applicability for the determination of fluconazole in biological samples in future studies.   Cite this article as: Dal Poçan AG. Development and validation of a rapid reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for quantification of fluconazole in pharmaceutical preparations. Trends in Pharmacy, 2025, 2, 0011, doi: 10.5152/TrendsPharm.2025.25011

Benedetta Paolino, Maria Cristina Sorrentino, Severina Pacifico et al.

In this study, a historically significant journal subject to fungal colonization was used as a case study for experimenting with a fumigation treatment using essential oils. The experiments were carried out both in vitro and in vivo directly on the artifact. Post-treatment monitoring showed that the succession of two fumigation treatments (alternately using rosemary and lavender oil) resulted in the complete disinfection of the first and second populations detected on the substrate. The latter was identified as <i>Trichoderma longibrachiatum</i>, a human pathogenic species, which was found to be sensitive to various concentrations of rosemary essential oil (1.2% <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) and lavender essential oil (0.4% <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>), while it was not contained by the standard biocide based on benzalkonium chloride. The results obtained allowed the proposal of an application protocol for the fumigation of paper items that need to undergo biocidal treatment, which consists of alternating essential oils to increase the action spectrum of the natural substances and implementing a rotation principle to prevent the development of bio-resistances.