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Sznajder"},{"name":"H. Szumila-Vance"},{"name":"L. Szymanowski"},{"name":"A. Tadepalli"},{"name":"J. Takaki"},{"name":"G. Tassielli"},{"name":"J. Terry"},{"name":"F. Tessarotto"},{"name":"K. Tezgin"},{"name":"L. Tomášek"},{"name":"F. Acosta"},{"name":"P. Tribedy"},{"name":"A. Tricoli"},{"name":"Triloki"},{"name":"S. Tripathi"},{"name":"R. Trotta"},{"name":"O. Tsai"},{"name":"Z. Tu"},{"name":"C. Tuvè"},{"name":"T. Ullrich"},{"name":"M. Ungaro"},{"name":"G. Urciuoli"},{"name":"A. Valentini"},{"name":"P. Vancura"},{"name":"M. Vandenbroucke"},{"name":"C. Hulse"},{"name":"G. Varner"},{"name":"R. Venugopalan"},{"name":"I. Vitev"},{"name":"A. Vladimirov"},{"name":"G. Volpe"},{"name":"A. Vossen"},{"name":"E. Voutier"},{"name":"J. Wagner"},{"name":"S. Wallon"},{"name":"H. Wang"},{"name":"Q. Wang"},{"name":"X. Wang"},{"name":"S. Wei"},{"name":"C. Weiss"},{"name":"T. Wenaus"},{"name":"H. Wennlof"},{"name":"N. Wickramaarachchi"},{"name":"A. Wikramanayake"},{"name":"D. Winney"},{"name":"C. Wong"},{"name":"C. Woody"},{"name":"L. Xia"},{"name":"B. Xiao"},{"name":"J. Xie"},{"name":"H. Xing"},{"name":"Q. Xu"},{"name":"J. Zhang"},{"name":"S. Zhang"},{"name":"Z. Zhang"},{"name":"Z. Zhao"},{"name":"Y. Zhao"},{"name":"L. Zheng"},{"name":"Y. Zhou"},{"name":"P. Zurita"}],"abstract":"This report describes the physics case, the resulting detector requirements, and the evolving detector concepts for the experimental program at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). The EIC will be a powerful new high-luminosity facility in the United States with the capability to collide high-energy electron beams with high-energy proton and ion beams, providing access to those regions in the nucleon and nuclei where their structure is dominated by gluons. Moreover, polarized beams in the EIC will give unprecedented access to the spatial and spin structure of the proton, neutron, and light ions. The studies leading to this document were commissioned and organized by the EIC User Group with the objective of advancing the state and detail of the physics program and developing detector concepts that meet the emerging requirements in preparation for the realization of the EIC. The effort aims to provide the basis for further development of concepts for experimental equipment best suited for the science needs, including the importance of two complementary detectors and interaction regions. This report consists of three volumes. Volume I is an executive summary of our findings and developed concepts. In Volume II we describe studies of a wide range of physics measurements and the emerging requirements on detector acceptance and performance. Volume III discusses general-purpose detector concepts and the underlying technologies to meet the physics requirements. These considerations will form the basis for a world-class experimental program that aims to increase our understanding of the fundamental structure of all visible matter","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["Physics","Computer Science"],"doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2022.122447","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/00de2899a07eff345e3b2ed8ad91993336426bd6","pdf_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.05419","is_open_access":true,"citations":1033,"published_at":"","score":95},{"id":"ss_c90a98106815cf083b7f6acb03e5c31a7c95899f","title":"Event generator tunes obtained from underlying event and multiparton scattering measurements","authors":[{"name":"V. Khachatryan"},{"name":"A. Sirunyan"},{"name":"A. Tumasyan"},{"name":"W. Adam"},{"name":"E. Asilar"},{"name":"T. Bergauer"},{"name":"J. Brandstetter"},{"name":"E. Brondolin"},{"name":"M. Dragicevic"},{"name":"J. Erö"},{"name":"M. Friedl"},{"name":"R. Frühwirth"},{"name":"V. Ghete"},{"name":"C. 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Gizhko"},{"name":"P. Gunnellini"},{"name":"J. Hauk"},{"name":"M. Hempel"},{"name":"H. Jung"},{"name":"A. Kalogeropoulos"},{"name":"O. Karacheban"},{"name":"M. Kasemann"},{"name":"P. Katsas"},{"name":"J. Kieseler"},{"name":"C. Kleinwort"},{"name":"I. Korol"},{"name":"W. Lange"},{"name":"J. Leonard"},{"name":"K. Lipka"},{"name":"A. Lobanov"},{"name":"W. Lohmann"},{"name":"R. Mankel"},{"name":"I. Marfin"},{"name":"I. Melzer-Pellmann"},{"name":"A. Meyer"},{"name":"G. Mittag"},{"name":"J. Mnich"},{"name":"A. Mussgiller"},{"name":"S. Naumann-Emme"},{"name":"A. Nayak"},{"name":"E. Ntomari"},{"name":"H. Perrey"},{"name":"D. Pitzl"},{"name":"R. Plačakytė"},{"name":"A. Raspereza"},{"name":"B. Roland"},{"name":"M. Sahin"},{"name":"P. Saxena"},{"name":"T. Schoerner-Sadenius"},{"name":"M. Schröder"},{"name":"C. Seitz"},{"name":"S. Spannagel"},{"name":"K. D. Trippkewitz"},{"name":"R. Walsh"},{"name":"C. Wissing"},{"name":"V. Blobel"},{"name":"M. Centis Vignali"},{"name":"A. Draeger"},{"name":"J. Erfle"},{"name":"E. Garutti"},{"name":"K. Goebel"},{"name":"D. Gonzalez"},{"name":"M. Görner"},{"name":"J. Haller"}],"abstract":"New sets of parameters (\"tunes\") for the underlying-event (UE) modeling of the PYTHIA8, PYTHIA6 and HERWIG++ Monte Carlo event generators are constructed using different parton distribution functions. Combined fits to CMS UE proton-proton (pp) data at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV and to UE proton-antiproton (p p-bar) data from the CDF experiment at lower sqrt(s), are used to study the UE models and constrain their parameters, providing thereby improved predictions for proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV. In addition, it is investigated whether the values of the parameters obtained from fits to UE observables are consistent with the values determined from fitting observables sensitive to double-parton scattering processes. Finally, comparisons of the UE tunes to\"minimum bias\"(MB) events, multijet, and Drell-Yan (q q-bar to Z / gamma* to lepton-antilepton + jets) observables at 7 and 8 TeV are presented, as well as predictions for MB and UE observables at 13 TeV.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2015,"language":"en","subjects":["Physics"],"doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-3988-x","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c90a98106815cf083b7f6acb03e5c31a7c95899f","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140%2Fepjc%2Fs10052-016-3988-x.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":1081,"published_at":"","score":89},{"id":"ss_810fce8c83715fa5a4591543bad9418beaf5d635","title":"Advances in molecular quantum chemistry contained in the Q-Chem 4 program package","authors":[{"name":"Y. Shao"},{"name":"Zhengting Gan"},{"name":"E. Epifanovsky"},{"name":"A. Gilbert"},{"name":"M. Wormit"},{"name":"Joerg Kussmann"},{"name":"A. Lange"},{"name":"Andrew Behn"},{"name":"Jia Deng"},{"name":"Xintian Feng"},{"name":"Debashree Ghosh"},{"name":"Matthew B Goldey"},{"name":"P. Horn"},{"name":"Leif D Jacobson"},{"name":"I. Kaliman"},{"name":"Rustam Z. Khaliullin"},{"name":"T. Kus"},{"name":"A. Landau"},{"name":"Jie Liu"},{"name":"E. Proynov"},{"name":"Young Min Rhee"},{"name":"R. M. Richard"},{"name":"M. A. Rohrdanz"},{"name":"R. P. Steele"},{"name":"Eric Sundstrom"},{"name":"H. Woodcock"},{"name":"P. Zimmerman"},{"name":"D. Zuev"},{"name":"Benjamin J. Albrecht"},{"name":"Ethan C Alguire"},{"name":"Brian Austin"},{"name":"G. Beran"},{"name":"Yves A. Bernard"},{"name":"E. Berquist"},{"name":"Kai Brandhorst"},{"name":"K. Bravaya"},{"name":"Shawn T. Brown"},{"name":"D. Casanova"},{"name":"Chun-Min Chang"},{"name":"Yunqing Chen"},{"name":"S. Chien"},{"name":"K. D. Closser"},{"name":"D. Crittenden"},{"name":"M. Diedenhofen"},{"name":"R. Distasio"},{"name":"Hainam Do"},{"name":"A. Dutoi"},{"name":"R. Edgar"},{"name":"S. Fatehi"},{"name":"L. Fusti-Molnar"},{"name":"A. Ghysels"},{"name":"A. Golubeva-Zadorozhnaya"},{"name":"J. Gomes"},{"name":"M. W. Hanson-Heine"},{"name":"P. Harbach"},{"name":"A. Hauser"},{"name":"E. Hohenstein"},{"name":"Z. C. Holden"},{"name":"Thomas-C. Jagau"},{"name":"Hyunjun Ji"},{"name":"B. Kaduk"},{"name":"K. Khistyaev"},{"name":"Jaehoon Kim"},{"name":"Jihan Kim"},{"name":"R. King"},{"name":"P. Klunzinger"},{"name":"D. Kosenkov"},{"name":"T. Kowalczyk"},{"name":"C. M. Krauter"},{"name":"K. Lao"},{"name":"Adèle D. Laurent"},{"name":"K. Lawler"},{"name":"S. Levchenko"},{"name":"C. Lin"},{"name":"Fenglai Liu"},{"name":"Ester Livshits"},{"name":"R. Lochan"},{"name":"A. Luenser"},{"name":"P. Manohar"},{"name":"S. Manzer"},{"name":"Shan-Ping Mao"},{"name":"N. Mardirossian"},{"name":"A. Marenich"},{"name":"S. Maurer"},{"name":"N. Mayhall"},{"name":"Eric Neuscamman"},{"name":"C. Oana"},{"name":"R. Olivares-Amaya"},{"name":"D. O’Neill"},{"name":"John A. Parkhill"},{"name":"T. M. Perrine"},{"name":"R. Peverati"},{"name":"A. Prociuk"},{"name":"D. Rehn"},{"name":"E. Rosta"},{"name":"N. J. Russ"},{"name":"S. Sharada"},{"name":"Sandeep Sharma"},{"name":"David W. Small"},{"name":"A. Sodt"},{"name":"T. Stein"},{"name":"D. Stück"},{"name":"Yu-Chuan Su"},{"name":"A. Thom"},{"name":"T. Tsuchimochi"},{"name":"V. Vanovschi"},{"name":"Leslie Vogt"},{"name":"Oleg A. Vydrov"},{"name":"Tao Wang"},{"name":"M. Watson"},{"name":"J. Wenzel"},{"name":"Alec F. White"},{"name":"C. F. Williams"},{"name":"J. Yang"},{"name":"Sina Yeganeh"},{"name":"Shane R. Yost"},{"name":"Zhi-Qiang You"},{"name":"Igor Ying Zhang"},{"name":"Xing Zhang"},{"name":"Yan Zhao"},{"name":"B. Brooks"},{"name":"G. Chan"},{"name":"D. Chipman"},{"name":"C. Cramer"},{"name":"W. Goddard"},{"name":"M. Gordon"},{"name":"W. Hehre"},{"name":"A. Klamt"},{"name":"H. Schaefer"},{"name":"Michael W. Schmidt"},{"name":"C. Sherrill"},{"name":"D. Truhlar"},{"name":"A. Warshel"},{"name":"Xin Xu"},{"name":"Alán Aspuru-Guzik"},{"name":"R. Baer"},{"name":"A. Bell"},{"name":"N. Besley"},{"name":"Jeng-Da Chai"},{"name":"A. Dreuw"},{"name":"B. Dunietz"},{"name":"T. Furlani"},{"name":"S. Gwaltney"},{"name":"Chao‐Ping Hsu"},{"name":"Yousung Jung"},{"name":"Jing Kong"},{"name":"D. Lambrecht"},{"name":"W. Liang"},{"name":"C. Ochsenfeld"},{"name":"V. Rassolov"},{"name":"L. Slipchenko"},{"name":"Joseph E. Subotnik"},{"name":"T. Van Voorhis"},{"name":"J. Herbert"},{"name":"A. Krylov"},{"name":"P. Gill"},{"name":"M. Head‐Gordon"}],"abstract":"A summary of the technical advances that are incorporated in the fourth major release of the Q-Chem quantum chemistry program is provided, covering approximately the last seven years. These include developments in density functional theory methods and algorithms, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) property evaluation, coupled cluster and perturbation theories, methods for electronically excited and open-shell species, tools for treating extended environments, algorithms for walking on potential surfaces, analysis tools, energy and electron transfer modelling, parallel computing capabilities, and graphical user interfaces. In addition, a selection of example case studies that illustrate these capabilities is given. These include extensive benchmarks of the comparative accuracy of modern density functionals for bonded and non-bonded interactions, tests of attenuated second order Møller–Plesset (MP2) methods for intermolecular interactions, a variety of parallel performance benchmarks, and tests of the accuracy of implicit solvation models. Some specific chemical examples include calculations on the strongly correlated Cr2 dimer, exploring zeolite-catalysed ethane dehydrogenation, energy decomposition analysis of a charged ter-molecular complex arising from glycerol photoionisation, and natural transition orbitals for a Frenkel exciton state in a nine-unit model of a self-assembling nanotube.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2014,"language":"en","subjects":["Physics"],"doi":"10.1080/00268976.2014.952696","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/810fce8c83715fa5a4591543bad9418beaf5d635","pdf_url":"https://dr.lib.iastate.edu/bitstreams/dccd97e1-7eb3-4622-b744-ffecfb108d59/download","is_open_access":true,"citations":2644,"published_at":"","score":88},{"id":"ss_5714d9afe298513d9d5c6402419fed7027f2cbad","title":"Jet energy scale and resolution in the CMS experiment in pp collisions at 8 TeV","authors":[{"name":"Khachatryan"},{"name":"A. Sirunyan"},{"name":"A. Tumasyan"},{"name":"W. Adam"},{"name":"E. Asilar"},{"name":"T. Bergauer"},{"name":"J. Brandstetter"},{"name":"E. Brondolin"},{"name":"M. Dragicevic"},{"name":"J. Erö"},{"name":"M. Flechl"},{"name":"M. Friedl"},{"name":"R. Frühwirth"},{"name":"V. Ghete"},{"name":"C. Hartl"},{"name":"N. Hörmann"},{"name":"J. Hrubec"},{"name":"M. Jeitler"},{"name":"Knünz"},{"name":"A. König"},{"name":"M. Krammer"},{"name":"I. Krätschmer"},{"name":"D. Liko"},{"name":"T. Matsushita"},{"name":"I. Mikulec"},{"name":"D. Rabady"},{"name":"B. Rahbaran"},{"name":"H. Rohringer"},{"name":"J. Schieck"},{"name":"R. Schöfbeck"},{"name":"J. Strauss"},{"name":"W. Treberer-treberspurg"},{"name":"W. Waltenberger"},{"name":"C. Wulz"},{"name":"Mossolov"},{"name":"N. Shumeiko"},{"name":"Js Gonzalez"},{"name":"S. Alderweireldt"},{"name":"T. Cornelis"},{"name":"E. Wolf"},{"name":"X. Janssen"},{"name":"A. Knutsson"},{"name":"J. Lauwers"},{"name":"S. Luyckx"},{"name":"M. Klundert"},{"name":"H. Haevermaet"},{"name":"P. Mechelen"},{"name":"N. Remortel"},{"name":"A. Spilbeeck"},{"name":"S. Zeid"},{"name":"F. Blekman"},{"name":"J. D’Hondt"},{"name":"N. Daci"},{"name":"I. Bruyn"},{"name":"K. Deroover"},{"name":"N. Heracleous"},{"name":"J. Keaveney"},{"name":"S. Lowette"},{"name":"L. Moreels"},{"name":"A. Olbrechts"},{"name":"Q. Python"},{"name":"D. Strom"},{"name":"S. Tavernier"},{"name":"W. Doninck"},{"name":"P. Mulders"},{"name":"G. Onsem"},{"name":"I. Parijs"},{"name":"P. Barria"},{"name":"H. Brun"},{"name":"C. Caillol"},{"name":"B. Clerbaux"},{"name":"G. Lentdecker"},{"name":"G. Fasanella"},{"name":"L. Favart"},{"name":"A. Grebenyuk"},{"name":"G. Karapostoli"},{"name":"T. Lenzi"},{"name":"A. Léonard"},{"name":"T. Maerschalk"},{"name":"A. Marinov"},{"name":"L. Perniè"},{"name":"A. Randle-conde"},{"name":"T. Reis"},{"name":"T. Ševa"},{"name":"C. Velde"},{"name":"P. Vanlaer"},{"name":"R. Yonamine"},{"name":"F. Zenoni"},{"name":"Fengwangdong Zhang"},{"name":"K. Beernaert"},{"name":"L. Benucci"},{"name":"A. Cimmino"},{"name":"S. Crucy"},{"name":"D. Dobur"},{"name":"A. Fagot"},{"name":"G. Garcia"},{"name":"M. Gul"},{"name":"J. Mccartin"},{"name":"A. Rios"},{"name":"D. Poyraz"},{"name":"D. Ryckbosch"},{"name":"S. Salva"},{"name":"M. Sigamani"},{"name":"N. Strobbe"},{"name":"M. Tytgat"},{"name":"W. Driessche"},{"name":"E. Yazgan"},{"name":"N. Zaganidis"},{"name":"S. Başeğmez"},{"name":"C. Beluffi"},{"name":"O. Bondu"},{"name":"S. Brochet"},{"name":"G. Bruno"},{"name":"A. Caudron"},{"name":"L. Ceard"},{"name":"G. G. Silveira"},{"name":"C. Delaere"},{"name":"D. Favart"},{"name":"L. Forthomme"},{"name":"A. Giammanco"},{"name":"J. Hollar"},{"name":"A. Jafari"},{"name":"P. Jež"},{"name":"M. Komm"},{"name":"Lemaître"},{"name":"A. Mertens"},{"name":"C. Nuttens"},{"name":"L. Perrini"},{"name":"A. Pin"},{"name":"K. Piotrzkowski"},{"name":"A. Popov"},{"name":"L. Quertenmont"},{"name":"M. Selvaggi"},{"name":"M. Marono"},{"name":"N. Belly"},{"name":"G. Hammad"},{"name":"W. L. A. Júnior"},{"name":"F. Alves"},{"name":"G. Alves"},{"name":"L. 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Vutova"},{"name":"A. Dimitrov"},{"name":"I. Glushkov"},{"name":"L. Litov"},{"name":"B. Pavlov"},{"name":"P. Petkov"},{"name":"M. Ahmad"},{"name":"J. Bian"},{"name":"Guo-ming Chen"},{"name":"H. Chen"},{"name":"M. Chen"},{"name":"T. Cheng"},{"name":"R. Du"},{"name":"C. Jiang"},{"name":"R. Plestina"},{"name":"F. Romeo"},{"name":"S. Shaheen"},{"name":"J. Tao"},{"name":"C. Wang"},{"name":"Zhixing Wang"},{"name":"Huaqiao Zhang"},{"name":"C. Asawatangtrakuldee"},{"name":"Y. Ban"},{"name":"Q. Li"},{"name":"S. Liu"},{"name":"Y. Mao"},{"name":"S. Qian"},{"name":"Dai-Rong Wang"},{"name":"Zijun Xu"},{"name":"C. Avila"},{"name":"A. Cabrera"},{"name":"L. Sierra"},{"name":"C. Florez"},{"name":"J. Gomez"},{"name":"B. Moreno"},{"name":"J. Sanabria"},{"name":"N. Godinovic"},{"name":"D. Lelas"},{"name":"I. Puljak"},{"name":"P. Cipriano"},{"name":"Z. Antunović"},{"name":"M. Kovač"},{"name":"Brigljevic"},{"name":"K. Kadija"},{"name":"J. Luetić"},{"name":"S. Mićanović"},{"name":"L. Sudić"},{"name":"A. Attikis"},{"name":"G. Mavromanolakis"},{"name":"J. Mousa"},{"name":"C. Nicolaou"},{"name":"F. Ptochos"},{"name":"P. Razis"},{"name":"H. Rykaczewski"},{"name":"M. Bodlák"},{"name":"M. Finger"},{"name":"Y. Assran"},{"name":"S. Elgammal"},{"name":"A. Kamel"},{"name":"M. Mahmoud"},{"name":"Y. Mohammed"},{"name":"B. Calpas"},{"name":"M. Kadastik"},{"name":"M. Murumaa"},{"name":"M. Raidal"},{"name":"A. Tiko"},{"name":"C. Veelken"},{"name":"P. Eerola"},{"name":"J. Pekkanen"},{"name":"M. Voutilainen"},{"name":"J. Härkönen"},{"name":"Karimaki"},{"name":"R. Kinnunen"},{"name":"T. Lampén"},{"name":"K. Lassila-Perini"},{"name":"S. Lehti"},{"name":"T. Lindén"},{"name":"P. Luukka"},{"name":"T. Mäenpää"},{"name":"T. Peltola"},{"name":"E. Tuominen"},{"name":"J. Tuominiemi"},{"name":"E. Tuovinen"},{"name":"L. Wendland"},{"name":"J. Talvitie"},{"name":"T. Tuuva"},{"name":"M. Besançon"},{"name":"F. Couderc"},{"name":"M. Dejardin"},{"name":"D. Denegri"},{"name":"B. Fabbro"},{"name":"J. Faure"},{"name":"C. Favaro"},{"name":"F. Ferri"},{"name":"S. Ganjour"},{"name":"A. Givernaud"},{"name":"P. Gras"},{"name":"G. D. Monchenault"},{"name":"P. Jarry"},{"name":"E. Locci"},{"name":"M. Machet"},{"name":"J. Malcles"},{"name":"J. Rander"},{"name":"A. Rosowsky"},{"name":"M. Titov"},{"name":"A. Zghiche"},{"name":"I. Antropov"},{"name":"S. Baffioni"},{"name":"F. Beaudette"},{"name":"P. Busson"},{"name":"L. Cadamuro"},{"name":"E. Chapon"},{"name":"C. Charlot"},{"name":"T. Dahms"},{"name":"O. Davignon"},{"name":"N. Filipovic"},{"name":"A. Florent"},{"name":"R. D. Cassagnac"},{"name":"S. Lisniak"},{"name":"L. Mastrolorenzo"},{"name":"P. Miné"},{"name":"I. Naranjo"},{"name":"M. Nguyen"},{"name":"C. Ochando"},{"name":"G. Ortona"},{"name":"P. Paganini"},{"name":"P. Pigard"},{"name":"S. Regnard"},{"name":"R. Salerno"},{"name":"J. Sauvan"},{"name":"Y. Sirois"},{"name":"T. Strebler"},{"name":"Y. Yilmaz"},{"name":"A. Zabi"},{"name":"J. Agram"},{"name":"J. Andrea"},{"name":"A. Aubin"},{"name":"D. Bloch"},{"name":"J. Brom"},{"name":"M. Buttignol"},{"name":"E. Chabert"},{"name":"N. Chanon"},{"name":"C. Collard"},{"name":"É. Conte"},{"name":"X. Coubez"},{"name":"J. Fontaine"},{"name":"D. Gelé"},{"name":"U. Goerlach"},{"name":"C. Goetzmann"},{"name":"A. Bihan"},{"name":"J. Merlin"},{"name":"K. Skovpen"},{"name":"P. Hove"},{"name":"S. Gadrat"},{"name":"S. Beauceron"},{"name":"C. Bernet"},{"name":"G. Boudoul"},{"name":"E. Bouvier"},{"name":"C. Montoya"},{"name":"R. Chierici"},{"name":"D. Contardo"},{"name":"B. Courbon"},{"name":"P. Depasse"},{"name":"H. Mamouni"},{"name":"Jiawei Fan"},{"name":"J. Fay"},{"name":"S. Gascon"},{"name":"M. Gouzevitch"},{"name":"B. Ille"},{"name":"F. Lagarde"},{"name":"I. Laktineh"},{"name":"M. Lethuillier"},{"name":"L. Mirabito"},{"name":"A. Pequegnot"},{"name":"S. Perriès"},{"name":"J. Alvarez"},{"name":"D. Sabes"},{"name":"L. Sgandurra"},{"name":"Sordini"},{"name":"M. Donckt"},{"name":"P. Verdier"},{"name":"S. Viret"},{"name":"T. Toriashvili"},{"name":"Z. Tsamalaidze"},{"name":"C. Autermann"},{"name":"S. Beranek"},{"name":"M. Edelhoff"},{"name":"L. Feld"},{"name":"A. Heister"},{"name":"M. K. Kiesel"},{"name":"K. Klein"},{"name":"M. Lipinski"},{"name":"A. Ostapchuk"},{"name":"M. Preuten"},{"name":"F. Raupach"},{"name":"S. Schael"},{"name":"J. Schulte"},{"name":"T. Verlage"},{"name":"H. Weber"},{"name":"B. Wittmer"},{"name":"Zhukov"},{"name":"M. Ata"},{"name":"M. Brodski"},{"name":"E. Dietz-Laursonn"},{"name":"D. Duchardt"},{"name":"M. Endres"},{"name":"M. Erdmann"},{"name":"S. Erdweg"},{"name":"T. Esch"},{"name":"R. Fischer"},{"name":"A. Güth"},{"name":"T. Hebbeker"},{"name":"C. Heidemann"},{"name":"K. Hoepfner"},{"name":"D. Klingebiel"},{"name":"S. Knutzen"},{"name":"P. Kreuzer"},{"name":"M. Merschmeyer"},{"name":"A. Meyer"},{"name":"P. Millet"},{"name":"M. Olschewski"},{"name":"K. Padeken"},{"name":"P. Papacz"},{"name":"T. Pook"},{"name":"M. Radziej"},{"name":"H. Reithler"},{"name":"M. Rieger"},{"name":"F. Scheuch"},{"name":"L. Sonnenschein"},{"name":"D. Teyssier"},{"name":"S. Thüer"},{"name":"Cherepanov"},{"name":"Y. Erdogan"},{"name":"G. Flügge"},{"name":"H. Geenen"},{"name":"M. Geisler"},{"name":"F. Hoehle"},{"name":"B. Kargoll"},{"name":"T. Kress"},{"name":"Y. Kuessel"},{"name":"A. Künsken"},{"name":"J. Lingemann"},{"name":"A. Nehrkorn"},{"name":"A. Nowack"},{"name":"I. Nugent"},{"name":"C. Pistone"},{"name":"O. Pooth"},{"name":"A. Stahl"},{"name":"M. Martín"},{"name":"I. Asin"},{"name":"N. Bartosik"},{"name":"O. Behnke"},{"name":"U. Behrens"},{"name":"A. Bell"},{"name":"K. Borras"},{"name":"A. Burgmeier"},{"name":"A. Cakir"},{"name":"L. Calligaris"},{"name":"A. Campbell"},{"name":"S. Choudhury"},{"name":"F. Costanza"},{"name":"C. Pardos"},{"name":"G. Dolinska"},{"name":"S. Dooling"},{"name":"T. Dorland"},{"name":"G. Eckerlin"},{"name":"D. Eckstein"},{"name":"T. Eichhorn"},{"name":"G. Flucke"},{"name":"E. Gao"},{"name":"J. Garcia"},{"name":"A. Geiser"},{"name":"A. Gizhko"},{"name":"P. Gunnellini"},{"name":"J. Hauk"},{"name":"M. Hempel"},{"name":"H. Jung"},{"name":"A. Kalogeropoulos"},{"name":"O. Karacheban"},{"name":"M. Kasemann"},{"name":"P. Katsas"},{"name":"J. Kieseler"},{"name":"C. Kleinwort"},{"name":"I. Korol"},{"name":"W. Lange"},{"name":"J. Leonard"},{"name":"K. Lipka"},{"name":"A. Lobanov"},{"name":"W. Lohmann"},{"name":"R. Mankel"},{"name":"I. Marfin"},{"name":"I. Melzer-Pellmann"},{"name":"A. Meyer"},{"name":"G. Mittag"},{"name":"J. Mnich"},{"name":"A. Mussgiller"},{"name":"S. Naumann-Emme"},{"name":"A. Nayak"},{"name":"E. Ntomari"},{"name":"H. Perrey"},{"name":"D. Pitzl"},{"name":"R. Plačakytė"},{"name":"A. Raspereza"},{"name":"B. Roland"},{"name":"M. Sahin"},{"name":"P. Saxena"},{"name":"T. Schoerner-Sadenius"},{"name":"M. Schröder"},{"name":"C. Seitz"},{"name":"S. Spannagel"},{"name":"K. D. Trippkewitz"},{"name":"R. Walsh"},{"name":"C. Wissing"},{"name":"Blobel"},{"name":"M. Vignali"},{"name":"A. Draeger"},{"name":"J. Erfle"}],"abstract":"Improved jet energy scale corrections, based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse-femtobarns collected by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, are presented. The corrections as a function of pseudorapidity eta and transverse momentum pT are extracted from data and simulated events combining several channels and methods. They account successively for the effects of pileup, uniformity of the detector response, and residual data-simulation jet energy scale differences. Further corrections, depending on the jet flavor and distance parameter (jet size) R, are also presented. The jet energy resolution is measured in data and simulated events and is studied as a function of pileup, jet size, and jet flavor. Typical jet energy resolutions at the central rapidities are 15-20% at 30 GeV, about 10% at 100 GeV, and 5% at 1 TeV. The studies exploit events with dijet topology, as well as photon+jet, Z+jet and multijet events. Several new techniques are used to account for the various sources of jet energy scale corrections, and a full set of uncertainties, and their correlations, are provided. The final uncertainties on the jet energy scale are below 3% across the phase space considered by most analyses (pT\u003e30 GeV and abs(eta)30 GeV is reached, when excluding the jet flavor uncertainties, which are provided separately for different jet flavors. A new benchmark for jet energy scale determination at hadron colliders is achieved with 0.32% uncertainty for jets with pT of the order of 165-330 GeV, and abs(eta)\u003c0.8.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2016,"language":"en","subjects":["Physics"],"doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/12/02/P02014","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5714d9afe298513d9d5c6402419fed7027f2cbad","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-0221/12/02/P02014/pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":897,"published_at":"","score":86.91},{"id":"ss_1aa57fd9f06e73c5fb05f070cc88b2f7cc3aa6d3","title":"Offloading in Mobile Edge Computing: Task Allocation and Computational Frequency Scaling","authors":[{"name":"T. Dinh"},{"name":"Jianhua Tang"},{"name":"Q. La"},{"name":"Tony Q. S. Quek"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2017,"language":"en","subjects":["Computer Science"],"doi":"10.1109/TCOMM.2017.2699660","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1aa57fd9f06e73c5fb05f070cc88b2f7cc3aa6d3","is_open_access":true,"citations":842,"published_at":"","score":86.25999999999999},{"id":"ss_3d8862d02931c63e24952c2af346b6260795ad32","title":"Ubiquity and dominance of oxygenated species in organic aerosols in anthropogenically‐influenced Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes","authors":[{"name":"Q. Zhang"},{"name":"J. Jimenez"},{"name":"M. Canagaratna"},{"name":"J. Allan"},{"name":"H. Coe"},{"name":"I. Ulbrich"},{"name":"M. Alfarra"},{"name":"A. Takami"},{"name":"A. Middlebrook"},{"name":"Yele Sun"},{"name":"K. Džepina"},{"name":"E. Dunlea"},{"name":"K. Docherty"},{"name":"P. DeCarlo"},{"name":"D. Salcedo"},{"name":"T. Onasch"},{"name":"J. Jayne"},{"name":"T. Miyoshi"},{"name":"A. Shimono"},{"name":"S. Hatakeyama"},{"name":"N. Takegawa"},{"name":"Y. Kondo"},{"name":"J. Schneider"},{"name":"F. Drewnick"},{"name":"S. Borrmann"},{"name":"S. Weimer"},{"name":"K. Demerjian"},{"name":"P. I. Williams"},{"name":"K. Bower"},{"name":"R. Bahreini"},{"name":"R. Bahreini"},{"name":"L. Cottrell"},{"name":"R. Griffin"},{"name":"J. Rautiainen"},{"name":"J. Y. Sun"},{"name":"Yan Zhang"},{"name":"D. Worsnop"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2007,"language":"en","subjects":["Biology","Geology","Environmental Science"],"doi":"10.1029/2007GL029979","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3d8862d02931c63e24952c2af346b6260795ad32","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2007GL029979","is_open_access":true,"citations":2025,"published_at":"","score":81},{"id":"ss_ae12ffb64c61762e58eab6e15c31827f6d859b90","title":"A detailed map of Higgs boson interactions by the ATLAS experiment ten years after the discovery","authors":[{"name":"G. B. D. C. K. S. H. A. H. H. Y. A. C. B. S. B. L. C. 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Chan"},{"name":"W. Chan"},{"name":"W. Chan"},{"name":"J. Chapman"},{"name":"B. Chargeishvili"},{"name":"D. Charlton"},{"name":"T. Charman"},{"name":"M. Chatterjee"},{"name":"S. Chekanov"},{"name":"S. Chekulaev"},{"name":"G. Chelkov"},{"name":"A. Chen"},{"name":"B. Chen"},{"name":"B. Chen"},{"name":"C. Chen"},{"name":"H. Chen"},{"name":"H. Chen"},{"name":"J. Chen"},{"name":"J. Chen"},{"name":"S. Chen"},{"name":"S. Chen"},{"name":"X. Chen"},{"name":"X. Chen"},{"name":"Y. Chen"},{"name":"C. Cheng"},{"name":"H. Cheng"},{"name":"A. Cheplakov"},{"name":"E. Cheremushkina"},{"name":"E. Cherepanova"},{"name":"R. E. El Moursli"},{"name":"E. Cheu"},{"name":"K. Cheung"},{"name":"L. Chevalier"},{"name":"V. Chiarella"},{"name":"G. Chiarelli"},{"name":"G. Chiodini"},{"name":"A. Chisholm"},{"name":"A. Chitan"},{"name":"Y. Chiu"},{"name":"M. Chizhov"},{"name":"K. Choi"},{"name":"A. Chomont"},{"name":"Y. Chou"},{"name":"E. Chow"},{"name":"T. Chowdhury"},{"name":"L. Christopher"},{"name":"K. Chu"},{"name":"M. Chu"},{"name":"X. Chu"},{"name":"J. Chudoba"},{"name":"J. Chwastowski"},{"name":"D. Cieri"},{"name":"K. Ciesla"},{"name":"V. Cindro"},{"name":"A. Ciocio"},{"name":"F. Cirotto"},{"name":"Z. Citron"},{"name":"M. Citterio"},{"name":"D. Ciubotaru"}],"abstract":"The standard model of particle physics1–4 describes the known fundamental particles and forces that make up our Universe, with the exception of gravity. One of the central features of the standard model is a field that permeates all of space and interacts with fundamental particles5–9. The quantum excitation of this field, known as the Higgs field, manifests itself as the Higgs boson, the only fundamental particle with no spin. In 2012, a particle with properties consistent with the Higgs boson of the standard model was observed by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN10,11. Since then, more than 30 times as many Higgs bosons have been recorded by the ATLAS experiment, enabling much more precise measurements and new tests of the theory. Here, on the basis of this larger dataset, we combine an unprecedented number of production and decay processes of the Higgs boson to scrutinize its interactions with elementary particles. Interactions with gluons, photons, and W and Z bosons—the carriers of the strong, electromagnetic and weak forces—are studied in detail. Interactions with three third-generation matter particles (bottom (b) and top (t) quarks, and tau leptons (τ)) are well measured and indications of interactions with a second-generation particle (muons, μ) are emerging. These tests reveal that the Higgs boson discovered ten years ago is remarkably consistent with the predictions of the theory and provide stringent constraints on many models of new phenomena beyond the standard model. Ten years after the discovery of the Higgs boson, the ATLAS experiment at CERN probes its kinematic properties with a significantly larger dataset from 2015–2018 and provides further insights on its interaction with other known particles.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":["Physics","Medicine"],"doi":"10.1038/s41586-022-04893-w","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ae12ffb64c61762e58eab6e15c31827f6d859b90","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04893-w.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":491,"published_at":"","score":80.73},{"id":"ss_5cb9a428cfa4eda3e14cf8695a6372d467a07b85","title":"The ALICE Collaboration","authors":[{"name":"M. Aggarwal"},{"name":"Z. Ahammed"},{"name":"J. Amonett"},{"name":"B. Anderson"},{"name":"D. Arkhipkin"},{"name":"G. S. Averichev"},{"name":"Y. Bai"},{"name":"J. Balewski"},{"name":"O. Barannikova"},{"name":"L. Barnby"},{"name":"J. Baudot"},{"name":"S. Bekele"},{"name":"V. Belaga"},{"name":"R. Bellwied"},{"name":"J. Berger"},{"name":"B. I. Bezverkhny"},{"name":"S. Bharadwaj"},{"name":"V. Bhatia"},{"name":"H. Bichsel"},{"name":"A. Billmeier"},{"name":"L. Bland"},{"name":"C. Blyth"},{"name":"B. Bonner"},{"name":"M. Botje"},{"name":"A. Boucham"},{"name":"A. Brandin"},{"name":"A. Bravar"},{"name":"M. Bysterský"},{"name":"R. Cadman"},{"name":"X. Cai"},{"name":"H. Caines"},{"name":"M. Sanchez"},{"name":"J. Carroll"},{"name":"J. Castillo"},{"name":"D. Cebra"},{"name":"P. Chaloupka"},{"name":"S. Chattopdhyay"},{"name":"H. F. Chen"},{"name":"Y. Chen"},{"name":"J. Cheng"},{"name":"M. Cherney"},{"name":"A. Chikanian"},{"name":"W. Christie"},{"name":"J. Coffin"},{"name":"T. Cormier"},{"name":"J. Cramer"},{"name":"H. Crawford"},{"name":"D. Das"},{"name":"S. Das"},{"name":"M. M. Moura"},{"name":"A. Derevschikov"},{"name":"L. Didenko"},{"name":"T. Dietel"},{"name":"W. Dong"},{"name":"X. Dong"},{"name":"J. Draper"},{"name":"F. Du"},{"name":"A. Dubey"},{"name":"V. Dunin"},{"name":"J. 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Pistone"},{"name":"O. Pooth"},{"name":"A. Stahl"},{"name":"M. Martin"},{"name":"I. Asin"},{"name":"N. Bartosik"},{"name":"O. Behnke"},{"name":"U. Behrens"},{"name":"A. Bell"},{"name":"K. Borras"},{"name":"A. Burgmeier"},{"name":"A. Campbell"},{"name":"S. Choudhury"},{"name":"F. Costanza"},{"name":"C. Pardos"},{"name":"G. Dolinska"},{"name":"S. Dooling"},{"name":"T. Dorland"},{"name":"G. Eckerlin"},{"name":"D. Eckstein"},{"name":"T. Eichhorn"},{"name":"G. Flucke"},{"name":"Ettore Gallo"},{"name":"J. García"},{"name":"A. Geiser"},{"name":"A. Gizhko"},{"name":"P. Gunnellini"},{"name":"J. Hauk"},{"name":"M. Hempel"},{"name":"H. Jung"},{"name":"A. Kalogeropoulos"},{"name":"O. Karacheban"},{"name":"M. Kasemann"},{"name":"P. Katsas"},{"name":"J. Kieseler"},{"name":"C. Kleinwort"},{"name":"I. Korol"},{"name":"W. Lange"},{"name":"J. Leonard"},{"name":"K. Lipka"},{"name":"A. Lobanov"},{"name":"W. Lohmann"},{"name":"R. Mankel"},{"name":"I. Marfin"},{"name":"I. Melzer-Pellmann"},{"name":"A. Meyer"},{"name":"G. Mittag"},{"name":"J. Mnich"},{"name":"A. Mussgiller"},{"name":"S. Naumann-Emme"},{"name":"A. Nayak"},{"name":"E. Ntomari"},{"name":"H. Perrey"},{"name":"D. Pitzl"},{"name":"R. Plačakytė"},{"name":"A. Raspereza"},{"name":"B. Roland"},{"name":"M. Sahin"},{"name":"P. Saxena"},{"name":"T. Schoerner-Sadenius"},{"name":"M. Schröder"},{"name":"C. Seitz"},{"name":"S. Spannagel"},{"name":"K. D. Trippkewitz"},{"name":"R. Walsh"},{"name":"C. Wissing"},{"name":"V. Blobel"},{"name":"M. Vignali"},{"name":"A. Draeger"}],"abstract":"The CMS trigger system must reduce an input data rate from the LHC bunch-crossing frequency of 40 MHz to a rate which will be written to permanent storage. A detailed study has recently been made of the performance of this system. This paper presents key elements of the results obtained and gives details of a draft “trigger table” for the Level-1 Trigger and the High-Level Trigger selection at a “start-up” luminosity of 2× 1033 cm – 2s – 1. High efficiencies for most physics objects are attainable with a selection that remains inclusive and avoids detailed topological or other requirements on the event.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2004,"language":"en","subjects":["Physics","Computer Science"],"doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/12/01/P01020","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fe1e29a5e564f6bf81752c7f1164e0fe16d6ce0c","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-0221/12/01/P01020/pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":1196,"published_at":"","score":80},{"id":"ss_3647f20633e713384bfef4e9c246a3b4b51c89ef","title":"Ultrasensitive terahertz sensing with high-Q Fano resonances in metasurfaces","authors":[{"name":"Ranjan Singh"},{"name":"W. Cao"},{"name":"I. Al-Naib"},{"name":"Longqing Cong"},{"name":"W. Withayachumnankul"},{"name":"Weili Zhang"}],"abstract":"High quality factor resonances are extremely promising for designing ultra-sensitive refractive index label-free sensors, since it allows intense interaction between electromagnetic waves and the analyte material. Metamaterial and plasmonic sensing have recently attracted a lot of attention due to subwavelength confinement of electromagnetic fields in the resonant structures. However, the excitation of high quality factor resonances in these systems has been a challenge. We excite an order of magnitude higher quality factor resonances in planar terahertz metamaterials that we exploit for ultrasensitive sensing. The low-loss quadrupole and Fano resonances with extremely narrow linewidths enable us to measure the minute spectral shift caused due to the smallest change in the refractive index of the surrounding media. We achieve sensitivity levels of 7.75 × 103 nm/refractive index unit (RIU) with quadrupole and 5.7 × 104 nm/RIU with the Fano resonances which could be further enhanced by using thinner substrates. These findings would facilitate the design of ultrasensitive real time chemical and biomolecular sensors in the fingerprint region of the terahertz regime.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2014,"language":"en","subjects":["Physics"],"doi":"10.1063/1.4895595","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3647f20633e713384bfef4e9c246a3b4b51c89ef","pdf_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/102411/1/Ultrasensitive%20terahertz%20sensing%20with%20high-Q%20Fano%20resonances%20in%20metasurfaces.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":610,"published_at":"","score":76.3},{"id":"ss_4a597a081721e436e20b4e85197072e22aaecfad","title":"From $r$ to $Q^*$: Your Language Model is Secretly a Q-Function","authors":[{"name":"Rafael Rafailov"},{"name":"Joey Hejna"},{"name":"Ryan Park"},{"name":"Chelsea Finn"}],"abstract":"Reinforcement Learning From Human Feedback (RLHF) has been critical to the success of the latest generation of generative AI models. In response to the complex nature of the classical RLHF pipeline, direct alignment algorithms such as Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) have emerged as an alternative approach. Although DPO solves the same objective as the standard RLHF setup, there is a mismatch between the two approaches. Standard RLHF deploys reinforcement learning in a specific token-level MDP, while DPO is derived as a bandit problem in which the whole response of the model is treated as a single arm. In this work we rectify this difference. We theoretically show that we can derive DPO in the token-level MDP as a general inverse Q-learning algorithm, which satisfies the Bellman equation. Using our theoretical results, we provide three concrete empirical insights. First, we show that because of its token level interpretation, DPO is able to perform some type of credit assignment. Next, we prove that under the token level formulation, classical search-based algorithms, such as MCTS, which have recently been applied to the language generation space, are equivalent to likelihood-based search on a DPO policy. Empirically we show that a simple beam search yields meaningful improvement over the base DPO policy. Finally, we show how the choice of reference policy causes implicit rewards to decline during training. We conclude by discussing applications of our work, including information elicitation in multi-turn dialogue, reasoning, agentic applications and end-to-end training of multi-model systems.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["Computer Science"],"url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4a597a081721e436e20b4e85197072e22aaecfad","is_open_access":true,"citations":247,"published_at":"","score":75.41},{"id":"ss_c43f72ba3b8c6deb9914644b4513620c1a21f814","title":"IQ-Learn: Inverse soft-Q Learning for Imitation","authors":[{"name":"Divyansh Garg"},{"name":"Shuvam Chakraborty"},{"name":"Chris Cundy"},{"name":"Jiaming Song"},{"name":"Stefano Ermon"}],"abstract":"In many sequential decision-making problems (e.g., robotics control, game playing, sequential prediction), human or expert data is available containing useful information about the task. However, imitation learning (IL) from a small amount of expert data can be challenging in high-dimensional environments with complex dynamics. Behavioral cloning is a simple method that is widely used due to its simplicity of implementation and stable convergence but doesn't utilize any information involving the environment's dynamics. Many existing methods that exploit dynamics information are difficult to train in practice due to an adversarial optimization process over reward and policy approximators or biased, high variance gradient estimators. We introduce a method for dynamics-aware IL which avoids adversarial training by learning a single Q-function, implicitly representing both reward and policy. On standard benchmarks, the implicitly learned rewards show a high positive correlation with the ground-truth rewards, illustrating our method can also be used for inverse reinforcement learning (IRL). Our method, Inverse soft-Q learning (IQ-Learn) obtains state-of-the-art results in offline and online imitation learning settings, significantly outperforming existing methods both in the number of required environment interactions and scalability in high-dimensional spaces, often by more than 3x.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["Computer Science"],"url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c43f72ba3b8c6deb9914644b4513620c1a21f814","is_open_access":true,"citations":239,"published_at":"","score":72.17},{"id":"ss_bf89341e16fc0a379ab5e4c6370cf7ea4e9afd03","title":"Q-Transformer: Scalable Offline Reinforcement Learning via Autoregressive Q-Functions","authors":[{"name":"Yevgen Chebotar"},{"name":"Q. Vuong"},{"name":"A. Irpan"},{"name":"Karol Hausman"},{"name":"F. Xia"},{"name":"Yao Lu"},{"name":"Aviral Kumar"},{"name":"Tianhe Yu"},{"name":"Alexander Herzog"},{"name":"Karl Pertsch"},{"name":"K. Gopalakrishnan"},{"name":"Julian Ibarz"},{"name":"Ofir Nachum"},{"name":"S. Sontakke"},{"name":"Grecia Salazar"},{"name":"Huong Tran"},{"name":"Jodilyn Peralta"},{"name":"Clayton Tan"},{"name":"D. Manjunath"},{"name":"Jaspiar Singht"},{"name":"Brianna Zitkovich"},{"name":"Tomas Jackson"},{"name":"Kanishka Rao"},{"name":"Chelsea Finn"},{"name":"S. Levine"}],"abstract":"In this work, we present a scalable reinforcement learning method for training multi-task policies from large offline datasets that can leverage both human demonstrations and autonomously collected data. Our method uses a Transformer to provide a scalable representation for Q-functions trained via offline temporal difference backups. We therefore refer to the method as Q-Transformer. By discretizing each action dimension and representing the Q-value of each action dimension as separate tokens, we can apply effective high-capacity sequence modeling techniques for Q-learning. We present several design decisions that enable good performance with offline RL training, and show that Q-Transformer outperforms prior offline RL algorithms and imitation learning techniques on a large diverse real-world robotic manipulation task suite. The project's website and videos can be found at https://qtransformer.github.io","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["Computer Science"],"doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2309.10150","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bf89341e16fc0a379ab5e4c6370cf7ea4e9afd03","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2309.10150","is_open_access":true,"citations":144,"published_at":"","score":71.32},{"id":"ss_17974fb8e482b8fe5284595bcfd07d3cb32b4e8b","title":"The Human Aspects of Information Security Questionnaire (HAIS-Q): Two further validation studies","authors":[{"name":"K. Parsons"},{"name":"D. Calic"},{"name":"M. Pattinson"},{"name":"M. Butavicius"},{"name":"Agata McCormac"},{"name":"Tara Zwaans"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2017,"language":"en","subjects":["Computer Science"],"doi":"10.1016/j.cose.2017.01.004","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/17974fb8e482b8fe5284595bcfd07d3cb32b4e8b","is_open_access":true,"citations":319,"published_at":"","score":70.57},{"id":"ss_32f7cf04c1b5006a389a64d563334560439695a4","title":"On q-Hermite–Hadamard inequalities for general convex functions","authors":[{"name":"S. Bermudo"},{"name":"Pawel Korus"},{"name":"JUAN EDUARDO Nápoles Valdés"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":["Mathematics"],"doi":"10.1007/s10474-020-01025-6","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/32f7cf04c1b5006a389a64d563334560439695a4","is_open_access":true,"citations":183,"published_at":"","score":69.49000000000001},{"id":"ss_069f6760e7e45df6cccb006905b64742607ff55f","title":"Fuzzy Q-Learning for multi-agent decentralized energy management in microgrids","authors":[{"name":"P. Kofinas"},{"name":"A. Dounis"},{"name":"G. Vouros"}],"abstract":"Abstract This study proposes a cooperative multi-agent system for managing the energy of a stand-alone microgrid. The multi-agent system learns to control the components of the microgrid so as this to achieve its purposes and operate effectively, by means of a distributed, collaborative reinforcement learning method in continuous actions-states space. Stand-alone microgrids present challenges regarding guaranteeing electricity supply and increasing the reliability of the system under the uncertainties introduced by the renewable power sources and the stochastic demand of the consumers. In this article we consider a microgrid that consists of power production, power consumption and power storage units: the power production group includes a Photovoltaic source, a fuel cell and a diesel generator; the power consumption group includes an electrolyzer unit, a desalination plant and a variable electrical load that represent the power consumption of a building; the power storage group includes only the Battery bank. We conjecture that a distributed multi-agent system presents specific advantages to control the microgrid components which operate in a continuous states and actions space: For this purpose we propose the use of fuzzy Q-Learning methods for agents representing microgrid components to act as independent learners, while sharing state variables to coordinate their behavior. Experimental results highlight both the effectiveness of individual agents to control system components, as well as the effectiveness of the multi-agent system to guarantee electricity supply and increase the reliability of the microgrid.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2018,"language":"en","subjects":["Computer Science"],"doi":"10.1016/J.APENERGY.2018.03.017","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/069f6760e7e45df6cccb006905b64742607ff55f","is_open_access":true,"citations":192,"published_at":"","score":67.75999999999999},{"id":"ss_294c2cef63e98990480dc13ad73956d6f7bf646c","title":"Transverse-momentum and collision-energy dependence of high-pT hadron suppression in Au+Au collisions at ultrarelativistic energies.","authors":[{"name":"J. Adams"},{"name":"C. Adler"},{"name":"M. Aggarwal"},{"name":"Z. Ahammed"},{"name":"J. Amonett"},{"name":"B. Anderson"},{"name":"M. Anderson"},{"name":"D. Arkhipkin"},{"name":"G. S. Averichev"},{"name":"S. Badyal"},{"name":"J. Balewski"},{"name":"O. Barannikova"},{"name":"L. Barnby"},{"name":"J. Baudot"},{"name":"S. Bekele"},{"name":"V. Belaga"},{"name":"R. Bellwied"},{"name":"J. Berger"},{"name":"B. I. Bezverkhny"},{"name":"S. Bhardwaj"},{"name":"P. Bhaskar"},{"name":"A. Bhati"},{"name":"H. Bichsel"},{"name":"A. Billmeier"},{"name":"L. Bland"},{"name":"C. Blyth"},{"name":"B. Bonner"},{"name":"M. Botje"},{"name":"A. Boucham"},{"name":"A. Brandin"},{"name":"A. Bravar"},{"name":"R. Cadman"},{"name":"X. Cai"},{"name":"H. Caines"},{"name":"M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez"},{"name":"J. Carroll"},{"name":"J. Castillo"},{"name":"M. Castro"},{"name":"D. Cebra"},{"name":"P. Chaloupka"},{"name":"S. Chattopadhyay"},{"name":"H. Chen"},{"name":"Y. Chen"},{"name":"S. Chernenko"},{"name":"M. Cherney"},{"name":"A. Chikanian"},{"name":"B. Choi"},{"name":"W. Christie"},{"name":"J. Coffin"},{"name":"T. Cormier"},{"name":"J. Cramer"},{"name":"H. Crawford"},{"name":"D. Das"},{"name":"S. Das"},{"name":"A. Derevschikov"},{"name":"L. Didenko"},{"name":"T. Dietel"},{"name":"X. Dong"},{"name":"J. Draper"},{"name":"K. Drees"},{"name":"F. Du"},{"name":"A. Dubey"},{"name":"V. Dunin"},{"name":"J. Dunlop"},{"name":"M. Dutta Majumdar"},{"name":"V. Eckardt"},{"name":"L. Efimov"},{"name":"V. Emelianov"},{"name":"J. Engelage"},{"name":"G. Eppley"},{"name":"B. Erazmus"},{"name":"P. Fachini"},{"name":"V. Faine"},{"name":"J. Faivre"},{"name":"R. Fatemi"},{"name":"K. Filimonov"},{"name":"P. Filip"},{"name":"E. Finch"},{"name":"Y. Fisyak"},{"name":"D. Flierl"},{"name":"K. J. Foley"},{"name":"J. Fu"},{"name":"C. Gagliardi"},{"name":"M. Ganti"},{"name":"N. Gagunashvili"},{"name":"J. Gans"},{"name":"L. Gaudichet"},{"name":"M. Germain"},{"name":"F. Geurts"},{"name":"V. Ghazikhanian"},{"name":"P. Ghosh"},{"name":"J. González"},{"name":"Oleg A Grachov"},{"name":"V. Grigoriev"},{"name":"S. Gronstal"},{"name":"D. Grosnick"},{"name":"M. Guedon"},{"name":"S. Guertin"},{"name":"A. Gupta"},{"name":"E. Gushin"},{"name":"T. Gutierrez"},{"name":"T. Hallman"},{"name":"D. Hardtke"},{"name":"J. Harris"},{"name":"M. Heinz"},{"name":"T. Henry"},{"name":"S. Heppelmann"},{"name":"T. Herston"},{"name":"B. Hippolyte"},{"name":"A. Hirsch"},{"name":"E. Hjort"},{"name":"G. Hoffmann"},{"name":"M. Horsley"},{"name":"H. Huang"},{"name":"S. Huang"},{"name":"T. Humanic"},{"name":"G. Igo"},{"name":"A. Ishihara"},{"name":"P. Jacobs"},{"name":"W. Jacobs"},{"name":"M. Janik"},{"name":"I. Johnson"},{"name":"P. Jones"},{"name":"E. Judd"},{"name":"S. Kabana"},{"name":"M. Kaneta"},{"name":"M. Kaplan"},{"name":"D. Keane"},{"name":"J. Kiryluk"},{"name":"A. Kisiel"},{"name":"J. Klay"},{"name":"S. Klein"},{"name":"A. Klyachko"},{"name":"T. Kollegger"},{"name":"A. Konstantinov"},{"name":"M. Kopytine"},{"name":"L. Kotchenda"},{"name":"A. Kovalenko"},{"name":"M. Kramer"},{"name":"P. Kravtsov"},{"name":"K. Krueger"},{"name":"C. Kuhn"},{"name":"A. Kulikov"},{"name":"A. Kumar"},{"name":"G. Kunde"},{"name":"C. Kunz"},{"name":"R. Kutuev"},{"name":"A. Kuznetsov"},{"name":"M. Lamont"},{"name":"J. Landgraf"},{"name":"S. Lange"},{"name":"C. Lansdell"},{"name":"B. Lasiuk"},{"name":"F. Laue"},{"name":"J. Lauret"},{"name":"A. Lebedev"},{"name":"R. Lednický"},{"name":"V. Leontiev"},{"name":"M. Levine"},{"name":"C. Li"},{"name":"Q. Li"},{"name":"S. Lindenbaum"},{"name":"M. Lisa"},{"name":"F. Liu"},{"name":"L. Liu"},{"name":"Z. Liu"},{"name":"Q. Liu"},{"name":"T. Ljubičić"},{"name":"W. Llope"},{"name":"H. Long"},{"name":"R. Longacre"},{"name":"M. López-Noriega"},{"name":"W. Love"},{"name":"T. Ludlam"},{"name":"D. Lynn"},{"name":"J. Ma"},{"name":"Y. Ma"},{"name":"D. Magestro"},{"name":"S. Mahajan"},{"name":"L. Mangotra"},{"name":"D. P. Mahapatra"},{"name":"R. Majka"},{"name":"R. Manweiler"},{"name":"S. Margetis"},{"name":"C. Markert"},{"name":"L. Martin"},{"name":"J. Marx"},{"name":"H. Matis"},{"name":"Y. Matulenko"},{"name":"T. McShane"},{"name":"F. Meissner"},{"name":"Y. Melnick"},{"name":"A. Meschanin"},{"name":"M. Messer"},{"name":"M. Miller"},{"name":"Z. Milosevich"},{"name":"N. Minaev"},{"name":"C. Mironov"},{"name":"D. Mishra"},{"name":"J. Mitchell"},{"name":"B. Mohanty"},{"name":"L. Molnár"},{"name":"C. F. Moore"},{"name":"M. J. Mora-Corral"},{"name":"V. Morozov"},{"name":"M. M. de Moura"},{"name":"M. Munhoz"},{"name":"B. Nandi"},{"name":"S. Nayak"},{"name":"T. Nayak"},{"name":"J. Nelson"},{"name":"P. Nevski"},{"name":"V. Nikitin"},{"name":"L. Nogach"},{"name":"B. Norman"},{"name":"S. Nurushev"},{"name":"G. Odyniec"},{"name":"A. Ogawa"},{"name":"V. Okorokov"},{"name":"M. Oldenburg"},{"name":"D. Olson"},{"name":"G. Paic"},{"name":"S. Pandey"},{"name":"S. Pal"},{"name":"Y. Panebratsev"},{"name":"S. Panitkin"},{"name":"A. Pavlinov"},{"name":"T. Pawlak"},{"name":"V. Perevoztchikov"},{"name":"W. Peryt"},{"name":"V. Petrov"},{"name":"S. Phatak"},{"name":"R. Picha"},{"name":"M. Planinić"},{"name":"J. Pluta"},{"name":"N. Porile"},{"name":"J. Porter"},{"name":"A. Poskanzer"},{"name":"M. Potekhin"},{"name":"E. Potrebenikova"},{"name":"B. Potukuchi"},{"name":"D. Prindle"},{"name":"C. Pruneau"},{"name":"J. Putschke"},{"name":"G. Rai"},{"name":"G. Rakness"},{"name":"R. Raniwala"},{"name":"S. Raniwala"},{"name":"O. Ravel"},{"name":"R. Ray"},{"name":"S. Razin"},{"name":"D. Reichhold"},{"name":"J. Reid"},{"name":"G. Renault"},{"name":"F. Retière"},{"name":"A. Ridiger"},{"name":"H. Ritter"},{"name":"J. Roberts"},{"name":"O. Rogachevski"},{"name":"J. Romero"},{"name":"A. Rose"},{"name":"C. Roy"},{"name":"L. Ruan"},{"name":"V. Rykov"},{"name":"R. Sahoo"},{"name":"I. Sakrejda"},{"name":"S. Salur"},{"name":"J. Sandweiss"},{"name":"I. Savin"},{"name":"J. Schambach"},{"name":"R. Scharenberg"},{"name":"N. Schmitz"},{"name":"L. Schroeder"},{"name":"K. Schweda"},{"name":"J. Seger"},{"name":"D. Seliverstov"},{"name":"P. Seyboth"},{"name":"E. Shahaliev"},{"name":"M. Shao"},{"name":"M. Sharma"},{"name":"K. Shestermanov"},{"name":"S. Shimanskii"},{"name":"R. Singaraju"},{"name":"F. Simon"},{"name":"G. Škoro"},{"name":"N. Smirnov"},{"name":"R. Snellings"},{"name":"G. Sood"},{"name":"P. Sorensen"},{"name":"J. Sowinski"},{"name":"H. Spinka"},{"name":"B. Srivastava"},{"name":"S. Stanislaus"},{"name":"R. Stock"},{"name":"A. Stolpovsky"},{"name":"M. Strikhanov"},{"name":"B. Stringfellow"},{"name":"C. Struck"},{"name":"A. Suaide"},{"name":"E. Sugarbaker"},{"name":"C. Suire"},{"name":"M. Šumbera"},{"name":"B. Surrow"},{"name":"T. Symons"},{"name":"A. Szanto de Toledo"},{"name":"P. Szarwas"},{"name":"A. Tai"},{"name":"J. Takahashi"},{"name":"A. Tang"},{"name":"D. Thein"},{"name":"J. Thomas"},{"name":"V. Tikhomirov"},{"name":"M. Tokarev"},{"name":"M. Tonjes"},{"name":"T. Trainor"},{"name":"S. Trentalange"},{"name":"R. Tribble"},{"name":"M. Trivedi"},{"name":"V. Trofimov"},{"name":"O. Tsai"},{"name":"T. Ullrich"},{"name":"D. Underwood"},{"name":"G. Van Buren"},{"name":"A. Vandermolen"},{"name":"A. Vasiliev"},{"name":"M. Vasiliev"},{"name":"S. Vigdor"},{"name":"Y. Viyogi"},{"name":"S. Voloshin"},{"name":"W. Waggoner"},{"name":"F. Wang"},{"name":"G. Wang"},{"name":"X. Wang"},{"name":"Z. Wang"},{"name":"H. Ward"},{"name":"J. Watson"},{"name":"R. Wells"},{"name":"G. Westfall"},{"name":"C. Whitten"},{"name":"H. Wieman"},{"name":"R. Willson"},{"name":"S. Wissink"},{"name":"R. Witt"},{"name":"J. Wood"},{"name":"J. Wu"},{"name":"N. Xu"},{"name":"Z. Xu"},{"name":"Z. Xu"},{"name":"A. Yakutin"},{"name":"E. Yamamoto"},{"name":"J. Yang"},{"name":"P. Yepes"},{"name":"V. Yurevich"},{"name":"Y. Zanevski"},{"name":"I. Zborovský"},{"name":"H. Zhang"},{"name":"H. Zhang"},{"name":"W. Zhang"},{"name":"Z. Zhang"},{"name":"P. Zolnierczuk"},{"name":"R. Zoulkarneev"},{"name":"J. Zoulkarneeva"},{"name":"A. Zubarev"}],"abstract":"We report high statistics measurements of inclusive charged hadron production in Au+Au and p+p collisions at sqrt[s(NN)]=200 GeV. A large, approximately constant hadron suppression is observed in central Au+Au collisions for 5\u003cp(T)\u003c12 GeV/c. The collision energy dependence of the yields and the centrality and p(T) dependence of the suppression provide stringent constraints on theoretical models of suppression. Models incorporating initial-state gluon saturation or partonic energy loss in dense matter are largely consistent with observations. We observe no evidence of p(T)-dependent suppression, which may be expected from models incorporating jet attenuation in cold nuclear matter or scattering of fragmentation hadrons.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2003,"language":"en","subjects":["Physics","Medicine"],"doi":"10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.172302","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/294c2cef63e98990480dc13ad73956d6f7bf646c","pdf_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/nucl-ex/0305015","is_open_access":true,"citations":563,"published_at":"","score":66.89}],"total":1479641,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["CrossRef","Semantic Scholar"],"query":"q-fin.RM"}