{"results":[{"id":"ss_2eed1fad9bbf887d4395de40f20144c4fafefd7f","title":"DeepSeek-R1 incentivizes reasoning in LLMs through reinforcement learning","authors":[{"name":"DeepSeek-AI"},{"name":"Daya Guo"},{"name":"Dejian Yang"},{"name":"Haowei Zhang"},{"name":"Jun-Mei Song"},{"name":"Ruoyu Zhang"},{"name":"R. Xu"},{"name":"Qihao Zhu"},{"name":"Shirong Ma"},{"name":"Peiyi Wang"},{"name":"Xiaoling Bi"},{"name":"Xiaokang Zhang"},{"name":"Xingkai Yu"},{"name":"Yu Wu"},{"name":"Z. F. Wu"},{"name":"Zhibin Gou"},{"name":"Zhihong Shao"},{"name":"Zhuoshu Li"},{"name":"Ziyi Gao"},{"name":"A. Liu"},{"name":"Bing Xue"},{"name":"Bing-Li Wang"},{"name":"Bochao Wu"},{"name":"B. Feng"},{"name":"Chengda Lu"},{"name":"Chenggang Zhao"},{"name":"C. Deng"},{"name":"Chenyu Zhang"},{"name":"C. Ruan"},{"name":"Damai Dai"},{"name":"Deli Chen"},{"name":"Dong-Li Ji"},{"name":"Erhang Li"},{"name":"Fangyun Lin"},{"name":"Fucong Dai"},{"name":"Fuli Luo"},{"name":"Guangbo Hao"},{"name":"Guanting Chen"},{"name":"Guowei Li"},{"name":"H. Zhang"},{"name":"Han Bao"},{"name":"Hanwei Xu"},{"name":"Haocheng Wang"},{"name":"Honghui Ding"},{"name":"Huajian Xin"},{"name":"Huazuo Gao"},{"name":"Hui Qu"},{"name":"Hui Li"},{"name":"Jianzhong Guo"},{"name":"Jiashi Li"},{"name":"Jiawei Wang"},{"name":"JingChang Chen"},{"name":"Jingyang Yuan"},{"name":"Junjie Qiu"},{"name":"Junlong Li"},{"name":"J. Cai"},{"name":"J. Ni"},{"name":"Jian Liang"},{"name":"Jin Chen"},{"name":"Kai Dong"},{"name":"Kai Hu"},{"name":"Kaige Gao"},{"name":"Kang Guan"},{"name":"Kexin Huang"},{"name":"K. Yu"},{"name":"Lean Wang"},{"name":"Lecong Zhang"},{"name":"Liang Zhao"},{"name":"Litong Wang"},{"name":"Liyue Zhang"},{"name":"Lei Xu"},{"name":"Leyi Xia"},{"name":"Mingchuan Zhang"},{"name":"Minghua Zhang"},{"name":"M. Tang"},{"name":"Meng Li"},{"name":"Miaojun Wang"},{"name":"Mingming Li"},{"name":"Ning Tian"},{"name":"Panpan Huang"},{"name":"Peng Zhang"},{"name":"Qiancheng Wang"},{"name":"Qinyu Chen"},{"name":"Qiushi Du"},{"name":"Ruiqi Ge"},{"name":"Ruisong Zhang"},{"name":"Ruizhe Pan"},{"name":"Runji Wang"},{"name":"R. J. Chen"},{"name":"R. Jin"},{"name":"Ruyi Chen"},{"name":"Shanghao Lu"},{"name":"Shangyan Zhou"},{"name":"Shanhuang Chen"},{"name":"Shengfeng Ye"},{"name":"Shiyu Wang"},{"name":"Shuiping Yu"},{"name":"Shunfeng Zhou"},{"name":"Shuting Pan"},{"name":"S. Li"},{"name":"Shuang Zhou"},{"name":"Shao-Kang Wu"},{"name":"Tao Yun"},{"name":"Tian Pei"},{"name":"T. Sun"},{"name":"T. Wang"},{"name":"Wangding Zeng"},{"name":"Wanjia Zhao"},{"name":"Wen Liu"},{"name":"W. Liang"},{"name":"Wenjun Gao"},{"name":"Wen-Xia Yu"},{"name":"Wentao Zhang"},{"name":"W. Xiao"},{"name":"Wei An"},{"name":"Xiaodong Liu"},{"name":"Xiaohan Wang"},{"name":"Xiaokang Chen"},{"name":"X. Nie"},{"name":"Xin Cheng"},{"name":"Xin Liu"},{"name":"Xin Xie"},{"name":"Xingchao Liu"},{"name":"Xinyu Yang"},{"name":"Xinyuan Li"},{"name":"Xuecheng Su"},{"name":"Xuheng Lin"},{"name":"X. Q. Li"},{"name":"Xiangyu Jin"},{"name":"Xi-Cheng Shen"},{"name":"Xiaosha Chen"},{"name":"Xiaowen Sun"},{"name":"Xiaoxiang Wang"},{"name":"Xinnan Song"},{"name":"Xinyi Zhou"},{"name":"Xianzu Wang"},{"name":"Xinxia Shan"},{"name":"Y. K. Li"},{"name":"Y. Q. Wang"},{"name":"Y. X. Wei"},{"name":"Yang Zhang"},{"name":"Yanhong Xu"},{"name":"Yao Li"},{"name":"Yao Zhao"},{"name":"Yaofeng Sun"},{"name":"Yaohui Wang"},{"name":"Yi Yu"},{"name":"Yichao Zhang"},{"name":"Yifan Shi"},{"name":"Yi Xiong"},{"name":"Ying He"},{"name":"Y. Piao"},{"name":"Yisong Wang"},{"name":"Yixuan Tan"},{"name":"Yiyang Ma"},{"name":"Yiyuan Liu"},{"name":"Yongqiang Guo"},{"name":"Y. Ou"},{"name":"Yuduan Wang"},{"name":"Yue Gong"},{"name":"Yu-Jing Zou"},{"name":"Yujia He"},{"name":"Yunfan Xiong"},{"name":"Yu-Wei Luo"},{"name":"Yu-mei You"},{"name":"Yuxuan Liu"},{"name":"Yuyang Zhou"},{"name":"Y. X. Zhu"},{"name":"Yanping Huang"},{"name":"Yao Li"},{"name":"Yi Zheng"},{"name":"Yuchen Zhu"},{"name":"Yunxiang Ma"},{"name":"Ying Tang"},{"name":"Y. Zha"},{"name":"Yuting Yan"},{"name":"Z. Ren"},{"name":"Z. Ren"},{"name":"Zhangli Sha"},{"name":"Zhe Fu"},{"name":"Zhean Xu"},{"name":"Zhenda Xie"},{"name":"Zhen-guo Zhang"},{"name":"Zhewen Hao"},{"name":"Zhicheng Ma"},{"name":"Zhigang Yan"},{"name":"Zhiyu Wu"},{"name":"Zihui Gu"},{"name":"Zijia Zhu"},{"name":"Zijun Liu"},{"name":"Zi-An Li"},{"name":"Ziwei Xie"},{"name":"Ziyang Song"},{"name":"Zizheng Pan"},{"name":"Zhen Huang"},{"name":"Zhipeng Xu"},{"name":"Zhongyu Zhang"},{"name":"Zhen Zhang"}],"abstract":"General reasoning represents a long-standing and formidable challenge in artificial intelligence (AI). Recent breakthroughs, exemplified by large language models (LLMs)1,2 and chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting3, have achieved considerable success on foundational reasoning tasks. However, this success is heavily contingent on extensive human-annotated demonstrations and the capabilities of models are still insufficient for more complex problems. Here we show that the reasoning abilities of LLMs can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning (RL), obviating the need for human-labelled reasoning trajectories. The proposed RL framework facilitates the emergent development of advanced reasoning patterns, such as self-reflection, verification and dynamic strategy adaptation. Consequently, the trained model achieves superior performance on verifiable tasks such as mathematics, coding competitions and STEM fields, surpassing its counterparts trained through conventional supervised learning on human demonstrations. Moreover, the emergent reasoning patterns exhibited by these large-scale models can be systematically used to guide and enhance the reasoning capabilities of smaller models. A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine","Computer Science"],"doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-09422-z","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2eed1fad9bbf887d4395de40f20144c4fafefd7f","is_open_access":true,"citations":5347,"published_at":"","score":99},{"id":"ss_210b0a3d76e93079cc51b03c4115fde545eea966","title":"GPQA: A Graduate-Level Google-Proof Q\u0026A Benchmark","authors":[{"name":"David Rein"},{"name":"Betty Li Hou"},{"name":"Asa Cooper Stickland"},{"name":"Jackson Petty"},{"name":"Richard Yuanzhe Pang"},{"name":"Julien Dirani"},{"name":"Julian Michael"},{"name":"Samuel R. Bowman"}],"abstract":"We present GPQA, a challenging dataset of 448 multiple-choice questions written by domain experts in biology, physics, and chemistry. We ensure that the questions are high-quality and extremely difficult: experts who have or are pursuing PhDs in the corresponding domains reach 65% accuracy (74% when discounting clear mistakes the experts identified in retrospect), while highly skilled non-expert validators only reach 34% accuracy, despite spending on average over 30 minutes with unrestricted access to the web (i.e., the questions are\"Google-proof\"). The questions are also difficult for state-of-the-art AI systems, with our strongest GPT-4 based baseline achieving 39% accuracy. If we are to use future AI systems to help us answer very hard questions, for example, when developing new scientific knowledge, we need to develop scalable oversight methods that enable humans to supervise their outputs, which may be difficult even if the supervisors are themselves skilled and knowledgeable. The difficulty of GPQA both for skilled non-experts and frontier AI systems should enable realistic scalable oversight experiments, which we hope can help devise ways for human experts to reliably get truthful information from AI systems that surpass human capabilities.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["Computer Science"],"url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/210b0a3d76e93079cc51b03c4115fde545eea966","is_open_access":true,"citations":2226,"published_at":"","score":97},{"id":"ss_00de2899a07eff345e3b2ed8ad91993336426bd6","title":"Science Requirements and Detector Concepts for the Electron-Ion Collider","authors":[{"name":"R. A. Khalek"},{"name":"A. Accardi"},{"name":"J. Adam"},{"name":"D. Adamiak"},{"name":"W. Akers"},{"name":"M. Albaladejo"},{"name":"A. Al-bataineh"},{"name":"M. Alexeev"},{"name":"F. Ameli"},{"name":"P. Antonioli"},{"name":"N. Armesto"},{"name":"W. Armstrong"},{"name":"M. Arratia"},{"name":"J. Arrington"},{"name":"A. Asaturyan"},{"name":"M. Asai"},{"name":"E. Aschenauer"},{"name":"S. Aune"},{"name":"H. Avagyan"},{"name":"C. Gayoso"},{"name":"B. Azmoun"},{"name":"A. Bacchetta"},{"name":"M. Baker"},{"name":"F. Barbosa"},{"name":"L. Barion"},{"name":"K. Barish"},{"name":"P. Barry"},{"name":"M. Battaglieri"},{"name":"A. Bazilevsky"},{"name":"N. Behera"},{"name":"F. Benmokhtar"},{"name":"V. Berdnikov"},{"name":"J. Bernauer"},{"name":"V. Bertone"},{"name":"S. Bhattacharya"},{"name":"C. Bissolotti"},{"name":"D. Boer"},{"name":"M. Boglione"},{"name":"M. Bondí"},{"name":"P. Boora"},{"name":"I. Borsa"},{"name":"F. Bossu"},{"name":"G. Bozzi"},{"name":"J. Brandenburg"},{"name":"N. Brei"},{"name":"A. Bressan"},{"name":"W. Brooks"},{"name":"S. Bufalino"},{"name":"M. Bukhari"},{"name":"V. Burkert"},{"name":"N. Buttimore"},{"name":"A. Camsonne"},{"name":"A. Celentano"},{"name":"F. Celiberto"},{"name":"W. Chang"},{"name":"C. Chatterjee"},{"name":"K. Chen"},{"name":"T. Chetry"},{"name":"T. Chiarusi"},{"name":"Y. Chien"},{"name":"M. Chiosso"},{"name":"X. Chu"},{"name":"E. Chudakov"},{"name":"G. Cicala"},{"name":"E. Cisbani"},{"name":"I. Cloet"},{"name":"C. Cocuzza"},{"name":"P. Cole"},{"name":"D. Colella"},{"name":"J. Collins"},{"name":"M. Constantinou"},{"name":"M. Contalbrigo"},{"name":"G. Contin"},{"name":"R. Corliss"},{"name":"W. Cosyn"},{"name":"A. Courtoy"},{"name":"J. Crafts"},{"name":"R. Cruz-Torres"},{"name":"R. C. Cuevas"},{"name":"U. D’Alesio"},{"name":"S. Torre"},{"name":"D. Das"},{"name":"S. Dasgupta"},{"name":"C. D. Silva"},{"name":"W. Deconinck"},{"name":"M. Defurne"},{"name":"W. Degraw"},{"name":"K. Dehmelt"},{"name":"A. Dotto"},{"name":"F. Delcarro"},{"name":"A. Deshpande"},{"name":"W. Detmold"},{"name":"R. Vita"},{"name":"M. Diefenthaler"},{"name":"C. Dilks"},{"name":"D. Dixit"},{"name":"S. Dulat"},{"name":"A. Dumitru"},{"name":"R. Dupr'e"},{"name":"J. Durham"},{"name":"M. Echevarria"},{"name":"Lamiaa El Fassi"},{"name":"D. Elia"},{"name":"R. Ent"},{"name":"R. Esha"},{"name":"J. Ethier"},{"name":"O. Evdokimov"},{"name":"K. O. Eyser"},{"name":"C. Fanelli"},{"name":"R. Fatemi"},{"name":"S. Fazio"},{"name":"C. Fernández-Ramírez"},{"name":"M. Finger"},{"name":"M. Finger"},{"name":"D. Fitzgerald"},{"name":"C. Flore"},{"name":"T. Frederico"},{"name":"I. Frivsvci'c"},{"name":"S. Fucini"},{"name":"S. Furletov"},{"name":"Y. Furletova"},{"name":"C. Gal"},{"name":"L. Gamberg"},{"name":"H. Gao"},{"name":"P. Garg"},{"name":"D. Gaskell"},{"name":"K. Gates"},{"name":"M. Ducati"},{"name":"M. Gericke"},{"name":"G. G. Silveira"},{"name":"F. Girod"},{"name":"D. Glazier"},{"name":"K. Gnanvo"},{"name":"V. Gonçalves"},{"name":"L. Gonella"},{"name":"J. O. G. Hernandez"},{"name":"Y. Goto"},{"name":"F. Grancagnolo"},{"name":"L. Greiner"},{"name":"W. Guryn"},{"name":"V. Guzey"},{"name":"Y. Hatta"},{"name":"M. Hattawy"},{"name":"F. Hauenstein"},{"name":"X. He"},{"name":"T. Hemmick"},{"name":"O. Hen"},{"name":"G. Heyes"},{"name":"D. Higinbotham"},{"name":"A. H. Blin"},{"name":"T. Hobbs"},{"name":"M. Hohlmann"},{"name":"T. Horn"},{"name":"T. Hou"},{"name":"J. Huang"},{"name":"Q. Huang"},{"name":"G. Huber"},{"name":"C. Hyde"},{"name":"G. Iakovidis"},{"name":"Y. Ilieva"},{"name":"B. Jacak"},{"name":"P. Jacobs"},{"name":"M. Jadhav"},{"name":"Z. Janoska"},{"name":"A. Jentsch"},{"name":"T. Ježo"},{"name":"X. Jing"},{"name":"P. Jones"},{"name":"K. Joo"},{"name":"S. Joosten"},{"name":"V. Kafka"},{"name":"N. Kalantarians"},{"name":"G. Kalicy"},{"name":"D. Kang"},{"name":"Z. Kang"},{"name":"K. Kauder"},{"name":"S. Kay"},{"name":"C. Keppel"},{"name":"J. Kim"},{"name":"A. Kiselev"},{"name":"M. Klasen"},{"name":"S. Klein"},{"name":"H. Klest"},{"name":"O. Korchak"},{"name":"A. Kostina"},{"name":"P. Kotko"},{"name":"Y. Kovchegov"},{"name":"M. Krelina"},{"name":"S. Kuleshov"},{"name":"S. Kumano"},{"name":"K. Kumar"},{"name":"R. Kumar"},{"name":"Lokesh Kumar"},{"name":"K. Kumerivcki"},{"name":"A. Kusina"},{"name":"K. Kutak"},{"name":"Y. Lai"},{"name":"K. Lalwani"},{"name":"T. Lappi"},{"name":"J. Lauret"},{"name":"M. Lavinsky"},{"name":"D. Lawrence"},{"name":"D. Lednický"},{"name":"C. Lee"},{"name":"K. Lee"},{"name":"S. Lee"},{"name":"S. Levorato"},{"name":"H. Li"},{"name":"S. Li"},{"name":"W. Li"},{"name":"X. Li"},{"name":"W. Li"},{"name":"T. Ligonzo"},{"name":"H. Liu"},{"name":"M. Liu"},{"name":"X. Liu"},{"name":"S. Liuti"},{"name":"N. Liyanage"},{"name":"C. Lorc'e"},{"name":"Z. Lu"},{"name":"G. Lucero"},{"name":"N. Lukow"},{"name":"E. Lunghi"},{"name":"R. Majka"},{"name":"Y. Makris"},{"name":"I. Mandjavidze"},{"name":"S. Mantry"},{"name":"H. Mantysaari"},{"name":"F. Marhauser"},{"name":"P. Markowitz"},{"name":"L. Marsicano"},{"name":"A. Mastroserio"},{"name":"V. Mathieu"},{"name":"Y. Mehtar-Tani"},{"name":"W. Melnitchouk"},{"name":"L. Méndez"},{"name":"A. Metz"},{"name":"Z. Meziani"},{"name":"C. Mezrag"},{"name":"M. Mihovilovivc"},{"name":"R. Milner"},{"name":"M. Mirazita"},{"name":"H. Mkrtchyan"},{"name":"A. Mkrtchyan"},{"name":"V. Mochalov"},{"name":"V. Moiseev"},{"name":"M. Mondal"},{"name":"A. Morreale"},{"name":"D. Morrison"},{"name":"L. Motyka"},{"name":"H. Moutarde"},{"name":"C. Camacho"},{"name":"F. Murgia"},{"name":"M. Murray"},{"name":"P. Musico"},{"name":"P. Nadel-Turonski"},{"name":"P. Nadolsky"},{"name":"J. Nam"},{"name":"P. Newman"},{"name":"D. Neyret"},{"name":"D. Nguyen"},{"name":"E. Nocera"},{"name":"F. Noferini"},{"name":"F. Noto"},{"name":"A. S. Nunes"},{"name":"V. Okorokov"},{"name":"F. Olness"},{"name":"J. Osborn"},{"name":"B. Page"},{"name":"S. Park"},{"name":"A. Parker"},{"name":"K. Paschke"},{"name":"B. Pasquini"},{"name":"H. Paukkunen"},{"name":"S. Paul"},{"name":"C. Pecar"},{"name":"I. Pegg"},{"name":"C. Pellegrino"},{"name":"C. Peng"},{"name":"L. Pentchev"},{"name":"R. Perrino"},{"name":"F. Petriello"},{"name":"R. Petti"},{"name":"A. Pilloni"},{"name":"C. Pinkenburg"},{"name":"B. Pire"},{"name":"C. Pisano"},{"name":"D. Pitonyak"},{"name":"A. Poblaguev"},{"name":"T. Polakovic"},{"name":"M. Posik"},{"name":"M. Potekhin"},{"name":"R. Preghenella"},{"name":"S. Preins"},{"name":"A. Prokudin"},{"name":"P. Pujahari"},{"name":"M. Purschke"},{"name":"J. Pybus"},{"name":"M. Radici"},{"name":"R. Rajput-Ghoshal"},{"name":"P. Reimer"},{"name":"M. Rinaldi"},{"name":"F. Ringer"},{"name":"C. Roberts"},{"name":"S. Rodini"},{"name":"J. Rojo"},{"name":"D. Romanov"},{"name":"P. Rossi"},{"name":"E. Santopinto"},{"name":"M. Sarsour"},{"name":"R. Sassot"},{"name":"N. Sato"},{"name":"B. Schenke"},{"name":"W. Schmidke"},{"name":"I. Schmidt"},{"name":"A. Schmidt"},{"name":"B. Schmookler"},{"name":"G. Schnell"},{"name":"P. Schweitzer"},{"name":"J. Schwiening"},{"name":"I. Scimemi"},{"name":"S. Scopetta"},{"name":"J. Segovia"},{"name":"R. Seidl"},{"name":"S. Sekula"},{"name":"K. Semenov-Tian-Shanskiy"},{"name":"D. Shao"},{"name":"N. Sherrill"},{"name":"E. Sichtermann"},{"name":"M. Siddikov"},{"name":"A. Signori"},{"name":"B. Singh"},{"name":"S. vSirca"},{"name":"K. Slifer"},{"name":"W. Słomiński"},{"name":"D. Sokhan"},{"name":"W. Sondheim"},{"name":"Y. Song"},{"name":"O. Soto"},{"name":"H. Spiesberger"},{"name":"A. Staśto"},{"name":"P. Stepanov"},{"name":"G. Sterman"},{"name":"J. Stevens"},{"name":"I. Stewart"},{"name":"I. Strakovsky"},{"name":"M. Strikman"},{"name":"M. Sturm"},{"name":"M. Stutzman"},{"name":"M. Sullivan"},{"name":"B. Surrow"},{"name":"P. Svihra"},{"name":"S. Syritsyn"},{"name":"A. Szczepaniak"},{"name":"P. Sznajder"},{"name":"H. Szumila-Vance"},{"name":"L. Szymanowski"},{"name":"A. Tadepalli"},{"name":"J. Takaki"},{"name":"G. Tassielli"},{"name":"J. Terry"},{"name":"F. Tessarotto"},{"name":"K. Tezgin"},{"name":"L. Tomášek"},{"name":"F. Acosta"},{"name":"P. Tribedy"},{"name":"A. Tricoli"},{"name":"Triloki"},{"name":"S. Tripathi"},{"name":"R. Trotta"},{"name":"O. Tsai"},{"name":"Z. Tu"},{"name":"C. Tuvè"},{"name":"T. Ullrich"},{"name":"M. Ungaro"},{"name":"G. Urciuoli"},{"name":"A. Valentini"},{"name":"P. Vancura"},{"name":"M. Vandenbroucke"},{"name":"C. Hulse"},{"name":"G. Varner"},{"name":"R. Venugopalan"},{"name":"I. Vitev"},{"name":"A. Vladimirov"},{"name":"G. Volpe"},{"name":"A. Vossen"},{"name":"E. Voutier"},{"name":"J. Wagner"},{"name":"S. Wallon"},{"name":"H. Wang"},{"name":"Q. Wang"},{"name":"X. Wang"},{"name":"S. Wei"},{"name":"C. Weiss"},{"name":"T. Wenaus"},{"name":"H. Wennlof"},{"name":"N. Wickramaarachchi"},{"name":"A. Wikramanayake"},{"name":"D. Winney"},{"name":"C. Wong"},{"name":"C. Woody"},{"name":"L. Xia"},{"name":"B. Xiao"},{"name":"J. Xie"},{"name":"H. Xing"},{"name":"Q. Xu"},{"name":"J. Zhang"},{"name":"S. Zhang"},{"name":"Z. Zhang"},{"name":"Z. Zhao"},{"name":"Y. Zhao"},{"name":"L. Zheng"},{"name":"Y. Zhou"},{"name":"P. Zurita"}],"abstract":"This report describes the physics case, the resulting detector requirements, and the evolving detector concepts for the experimental program at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). The EIC will be a powerful new high-luminosity facility in the United States with the capability to collide high-energy electron beams with high-energy proton and ion beams, providing access to those regions in the nucleon and nuclei where their structure is dominated by gluons. Moreover, polarized beams in the EIC will give unprecedented access to the spatial and spin structure of the proton, neutron, and light ions. The studies leading to this document were commissioned and organized by the EIC User Group with the objective of advancing the state and detail of the physics program and developing detector concepts that meet the emerging requirements in preparation for the realization of the EIC. The effort aims to provide the basis for further development of concepts for experimental equipment best suited for the science needs, including the importance of two complementary detectors and interaction regions. This report consists of three volumes. Volume I is an executive summary of our findings and developed concepts. In Volume II we describe studies of a wide range of physics measurements and the emerging requirements on detector acceptance and performance. Volume III discusses general-purpose detector concepts and the underlying technologies to meet the physics requirements. These considerations will form the basis for a world-class experimental program that aims to increase our understanding of the fundamental structure of all visible matter","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["Physics","Computer Science"],"doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2022.122447","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/00de2899a07eff345e3b2ed8ad91993336426bd6","pdf_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.05419","is_open_access":true,"citations":1033,"published_at":"","score":95},{"id":"ss_9259e6979f0851e181af209e5dec65972bab71b4","title":"Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger","authors":[{"name":"B. Abbott"},{"name":"R. Abbott"},{"name":"T. Abbott"},{"name":"F. Acernese"},{"name":"K. Ackley"},{"name":"C. Adams"},{"name":"T. Adams"},{"name":"P. Addesso"},{"name":"R. Adhikari"},{"name":"V. Adya"},{"name":"C. Affeldt"},{"name":"M. Afrough"},{"name":"B. Agarwal"},{"name":"M. Agathos"},{"name":"K. Agatsuma"},{"name":"N. Aggarwal"},{"name":"O. Aguiar"},{"name":"L. Aiello"},{"name":"A. Ain"},{"name":"P. Ajith"},{"name":"B. Allen"},{"name":"G. Allen"},{"name":"A. Allocca"},{"name":"P. Altin"},{"name":"A. Amato"},{"name":"A. Ananyeva"},{"name":"S. Anderson"},{"name":"W. Anderson"},{"name":"S. Angelova"},{"name":"S. Antier"},{"name":"S. Appert"},{"name":"K. Arai"},{"name":"M. Araya"},{"name":"J. Areeda"},{"name":"N. Arnaud"},{"name":"K. Arun"},{"name":"S. Ascenzi"},{"name":"G. Ashton"},{"name":"M. Ast"},{"name":"S. Aston"},{"name":"P. Astone"},{"name":"D. V. Atallah"},{"name":"P. Aufmuth"},{"name":"C. Aulbert"},{"name":"K. AultONeal"},{"name":"C. Austin"},{"name":"A. Ávila-Álvarez"},{"name":"S. Babak"},{"name":"P. Bacon"},{"name":"M. Bader"},{"name":"S. Bae"},{"name":"P. Baker"},{"name":"F. Baldaccini"},{"name":"G. Ballardin"},{"name":"S. Ballmer"},{"name":"S. Banagiri"},{"name":"J. Barayoga"},{"name":"S. Barclay"},{"name":"B. Barish"},{"name":"D. Barker"},{"name":"K. Barkett"},{"name":"F. 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Jacqmin"},{"name":"K. Jani"},{"name":"P. Jaranowski"},{"name":"S. Jawahar"},{"name":"F. Jiménez-Forteza"},{"name":"W. Johnson"},{"name":"D. Jones"},{"name":"R. Jones"},{"name":"R. Jonker"},{"name":"L. Ju"},{"name":"J. Junker"},{"name":"C. Kalaghatgi"},{"name":"V. Kalogera"},{"name":"B. Kamai"},{"name":"S. Kandhasamy"},{"name":"G. Kang"},{"name":"J. Kanner"},{"name":"S. Kapadia"},{"name":"S. Karki"},{"name":"K. Karvinen"},{"name":"M. Kasprzack"},{"name":"M. Katolik"},{"name":"E. Katsavounidis"},{"name":"W. Katzman"},{"name":"S. Kaufer"}],"abstract":"On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ∼ 1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40 − 8 + 8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 M ⊙ . An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ∼ 40 Mpc ) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One-Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ∼10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ∼ 9 and ∼ 16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC 4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2019,"language":"en","subjects":["Physics","Political Science"],"doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/AA91C9","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9259e6979f0851e181af209e5dec65972bab71b4","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aa91c9/pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":3080,"published_at":"","score":93},{"id":"ss_b2d32ff1c24189ccb59ef85c8fa515acac033b12","title":"Asymmetric Metasurfaces with High-Q Resonances Governed by Bound States in the Continuum.","authors":[{"name":"K. Koshelev"},{"name":"S. Lepeshov"},{"name":"Mingkai Liu"},{"name":"A. Bogdanov"},{"name":"Y. Kivshar"}],"abstract":"We reveal that metasurfaces created by seemingly different lattices of (dielectric or metallic) meta-atoms with broken in-plane symmetry can support sharp high-Q resonances arising from a distortion of symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum. We develop a rigorous theory of such asymmetric periodic structures and demonstrate a link between the bound states in the continuum and Fano resonances. Our results suggest the way for smart engineering of resonances in metasurfaces for many applications in nanophotonics and metaoptics.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2018,"language":"en","subjects":["Physics","Medicine"],"doi":"10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.193903","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b2d32ff1c24189ccb59ef85c8fa515acac033b12","pdf_url":"https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstreams/731bd4cc-507a-4096-b994-949377cca847/download","is_open_access":true,"citations":1092,"published_at":"","score":92},{"id":"ss_49664f3bdf9dced20b99c9e80db2bc8e4d78a85a","title":"Lasing action from photonic bound states in continuum","authors":[{"name":"A. Kodigala"},{"name":"T. Lepetit"},{"name":"Q. Gu"},{"name":"B. Bahari"},{"name":"Y. Fainman"},{"name":"B. Kanté"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2017,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine","Physics"],"doi":"10.1038/nature20799","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/49664f3bdf9dced20b99c9e80db2bc8e4d78a85a","is_open_access":true,"citations":1042,"published_at":"","score":91},{"id":"ss_c90a98106815cf083b7f6acb03e5c31a7c95899f","title":"Event generator tunes obtained from underlying event and multiparton scattering measurements","authors":[{"name":"V. Khachatryan"},{"name":"A. Sirunyan"},{"name":"A. Tumasyan"},{"name":"W. Adam"},{"name":"E. Asilar"},{"name":"T. Bergauer"},{"name":"J. Brandstetter"},{"name":"E. Brondolin"},{"name":"M. Dragicevic"},{"name":"J. Erö"},{"name":"M. Friedl"},{"name":"R. Frühwirth"},{"name":"V. Ghete"},{"name":"C. Hartl"},{"name":"N. Hörmann"},{"name":"J. Hrubec"},{"name":"M. Jeitler"},{"name":"V. Knünz"},{"name":"A. König"},{"name":"M. Krammer"},{"name":"I. Krätschmer"},{"name":"D. Liko"},{"name":"T. Matsushita"},{"name":"I. 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Gelé"},{"name":"U. Goerlach"},{"name":"C. Goetzmann"},{"name":"A. Le Bihan"},{"name":"J. Merlin"},{"name":"K. Skovpen"},{"name":"P. Van Hove"},{"name":"S. Gadrat"},{"name":"S. Beauceron"},{"name":"C. Bernet"},{"name":"G. Boudoul"},{"name":"E. Bouvier"},{"name":"C. Carrillo Montoya"},{"name":"R. Chierici"},{"name":"D. Contardo"},{"name":"B. Courbon"},{"name":"P. Depasse"},{"name":"H. El Mamouni"},{"name":"J. Fan"},{"name":"J. Fay"},{"name":"S. Gascon"},{"name":"M. Gouzevitch"},{"name":"B. Ille"},{"name":"F. Lagarde"},{"name":"I. Laktineh"},{"name":"M. Lethuillier"},{"name":"L. Mirabito"},{"name":"A. Pequegnot"},{"name":"S. Perriès"},{"name":"J. Ruiz Alvarez"},{"name":"D. Sabes"},{"name":"L. Sgandurra"},{"name":"V. Sordini"},{"name":"M. Vander Donckt"},{"name":"P. Verdier"},{"name":"S. Viret"},{"name":"T. Toriashvili"},{"name":"D. Lomidze"},{"name":"C. Autermann"},{"name":"S. Beranek"},{"name":"M. Edelhoff"},{"name":"L. Feld"},{"name":"A. Heister"},{"name":"M. K. Kiesel"},{"name":"K. Klein"},{"name":"M. Lipinski"},{"name":"A. Ostapchuk"},{"name":"M. Preuten"},{"name":"F. Raupach"},{"name":"S. Schael"},{"name":"J. Schulte"},{"name":"T. Verlage"},{"name":"H. Weber"},{"name":"B. Wittmer"},{"name":"V. Zhukov"},{"name":"M. Ata"},{"name":"M. Brodski"},{"name":"E. Dietz-Laursonn"},{"name":"D. Duchardt"},{"name":"M. Endres"},{"name":"M. Erdmann"},{"name":"S. Erdweg"},{"name":"T. Esch"},{"name":"R. Fischer"},{"name":"A. Güth"},{"name":"T. Hebbeker"},{"name":"C. Heidemann"},{"name":"K. Hoepfner"},{"name":"S. Knutzen"},{"name":"P. Kreuzer"},{"name":"M. Merschmeyer"},{"name":"A. Meyer"},{"name":"P. Millet"},{"name":"M. Olschewski"},{"name":"K. Padeken"},{"name":"P. Papacz"},{"name":"T. Pook"},{"name":"M. Radziej"},{"name":"H. Reithler"},{"name":"M. Rieger"},{"name":"F. Scheuch"},{"name":"L. Sonnenschein"},{"name":"D. Teyssier"},{"name":"S. Thüer"},{"name":"V. Cherepanov"},{"name":"Y. Erdogan"},{"name":"G. Flügge"},{"name":"H. Geenen"},{"name":"M. Geisler"},{"name":"F. Hoehle"},{"name":"B. Kargoll"},{"name":"T. Kress"},{"name":"Y. Kuessel"},{"name":"A. Künsken"},{"name":"J. Lingemann"},{"name":"A. Nehrkorn"},{"name":"A. Nowack"},{"name":"I. Nugent"},{"name":"C. Pistone"},{"name":"O. Pooth"},{"name":"A. Stahl"},{"name":"M. Aldaya Martin"},{"name":"I. Asin"},{"name":"N. Bartosik"},{"name":"O. Behnke"},{"name":"U. Behrens"},{"name":"A. Bell"},{"name":"K. Borras"},{"name":"A. Burgmeier"},{"name":"A. Campbell"},{"name":"S. Choudhury"},{"name":"F. Costanza"},{"name":"C. Diez Pardos"},{"name":"G. Dolinska"},{"name":"S. Dooling"},{"name":"T. Dorland"},{"name":"G. Eckerlin"},{"name":"D. Eckstein"},{"name":"T. Eichhorn"},{"name":"G. Flucke"},{"name":"E. Gallo"},{"name":"J. García"},{"name":"A. Geiser"},{"name":"A. Gizhko"},{"name":"P. Gunnellini"},{"name":"J. Hauk"},{"name":"M. Hempel"},{"name":"H. Jung"},{"name":"A. Kalogeropoulos"},{"name":"O. Karacheban"},{"name":"M. Kasemann"},{"name":"P. Katsas"},{"name":"J. Kieseler"},{"name":"C. Kleinwort"},{"name":"I. Korol"},{"name":"W. Lange"},{"name":"J. Leonard"},{"name":"K. Lipka"},{"name":"A. Lobanov"},{"name":"W. Lohmann"},{"name":"R. Mankel"},{"name":"I. Marfin"},{"name":"I. Melzer-Pellmann"},{"name":"A. Meyer"},{"name":"G. Mittag"},{"name":"J. Mnich"},{"name":"A. Mussgiller"},{"name":"S. Naumann-Emme"},{"name":"A. Nayak"},{"name":"E. Ntomari"},{"name":"H. Perrey"},{"name":"D. Pitzl"},{"name":"R. Plačakytė"},{"name":"A. Raspereza"},{"name":"B. Roland"},{"name":"M. Sahin"},{"name":"P. Saxena"},{"name":"T. Schoerner-Sadenius"},{"name":"M. Schröder"},{"name":"C. Seitz"},{"name":"S. Spannagel"},{"name":"K. D. Trippkewitz"},{"name":"R. Walsh"},{"name":"C. Wissing"},{"name":"V. Blobel"},{"name":"M. Centis Vignali"},{"name":"A. Draeger"},{"name":"J. Erfle"},{"name":"E. Garutti"},{"name":"K. Goebel"},{"name":"D. Gonzalez"},{"name":"M. Görner"},{"name":"J. Haller"}],"abstract":"New sets of parameters (\"tunes\") for the underlying-event (UE) modeling of the PYTHIA8, PYTHIA6 and HERWIG++ Monte Carlo event generators are constructed using different parton distribution functions. Combined fits to CMS UE proton-proton (pp) data at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV and to UE proton-antiproton (p p-bar) data from the CDF experiment at lower sqrt(s), are used to study the UE models and constrain their parameters, providing thereby improved predictions for proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV. In addition, it is investigated whether the values of the parameters obtained from fits to UE observables are consistent with the values determined from fitting observables sensitive to double-parton scattering processes. Finally, comparisons of the UE tunes to\"minimum bias\"(MB) events, multijet, and Drell-Yan (q q-bar to Z / gamma* to lepton-antilepton + jets) observables at 7 and 8 TeV are presented, as well as predictions for MB and UE observables at 13 TeV.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2015,"language":"en","subjects":["Physics"],"doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-3988-x","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c90a98106815cf083b7f6acb03e5c31a7c95899f","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140%2Fepjc%2Fs10052-016-3988-x.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":1081,"published_at":"","score":89},{"id":"ss_edacc439358def46b5431c5b6ebba59dcb000866","title":"Intangible Capital and the Investment-q Relation","authors":[{"name":"R. Peters"},{"name":"Lucian A. Taylor"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2017,"language":"en","subjects":["Economics"],"doi":"10.1016/J.JFINECO.2016.03.011","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/edacc439358def46b5431c5b6ebba59dcb000866","pdf_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/bitstreams/4eed3a54-61ba-4990-9244-b6ffc9d31a27/download","is_open_access":true,"citations":870,"published_at":"","score":87.1},{"id":"ss_5714d9afe298513d9d5c6402419fed7027f2cbad","title":"Jet energy scale and resolution in the CMS experiment in pp collisions at 8 TeV","authors":[{"name":"Khachatryan"},{"name":"A. Sirunyan"},{"name":"A. Tumasyan"},{"name":"W. Adam"},{"name":"E. Asilar"},{"name":"T. Bergauer"},{"name":"J. Brandstetter"},{"name":"E. Brondolin"},{"name":"M. Dragicevic"},{"name":"J. Erö"},{"name":"M. Flechl"},{"name":"M. Friedl"},{"name":"R. Frühwirth"},{"name":"V. Ghete"},{"name":"C. Hartl"},{"name":"N. Hörmann"},{"name":"J. Hrubec"},{"name":"M. Jeitler"},{"name":"Knünz"},{"name":"A. König"},{"name":"M. Krammer"},{"name":"I. Krätschmer"},{"name":"D. Liko"},{"name":"T. Matsushita"},{"name":"I. Mikulec"},{"name":"D. Rabady"},{"name":"B. Rahbaran"},{"name":"H. Rohringer"},{"name":"J. Schieck"},{"name":"R. Schöfbeck"},{"name":"J. Strauss"},{"name":"W. Treberer-treberspurg"},{"name":"W. Waltenberger"},{"name":"C. Wulz"},{"name":"Mossolov"},{"name":"N. Shumeiko"},{"name":"Js Gonzalez"},{"name":"S. Alderweireldt"},{"name":"T. Cornelis"},{"name":"E. Wolf"},{"name":"X. Janssen"},{"name":"A. Knutsson"},{"name":"J. Lauwers"},{"name":"S. Luyckx"},{"name":"M. Klundert"},{"name":"H. Haevermaet"},{"name":"P. Mechelen"},{"name":"N. Remortel"},{"name":"A. Spilbeeck"},{"name":"S. Zeid"},{"name":"F. Blekman"},{"name":"J. D’Hondt"},{"name":"N. Daci"},{"name":"I. Bruyn"},{"name":"K. Deroover"},{"name":"N. Heracleous"},{"name":"J. Keaveney"},{"name":"S. Lowette"},{"name":"L. Moreels"},{"name":"A. Olbrechts"},{"name":"Q. Python"},{"name":"D. Strom"},{"name":"S. Tavernier"},{"name":"W. Doninck"},{"name":"P. Mulders"},{"name":"G. Onsem"},{"name":"I. Parijs"},{"name":"P. Barria"},{"name":"H. Brun"},{"name":"C. Caillol"},{"name":"B. Clerbaux"},{"name":"G. Lentdecker"},{"name":"G. Fasanella"},{"name":"L. Favart"},{"name":"A. Grebenyuk"},{"name":"G. Karapostoli"},{"name":"T. Lenzi"},{"name":"A. Léonard"},{"name":"T. Maerschalk"},{"name":"A. Marinov"},{"name":"L. Perniè"},{"name":"A. Randle-conde"},{"name":"T. Reis"},{"name":"T. Ševa"},{"name":"C. Velde"},{"name":"P. Vanlaer"},{"name":"R. Yonamine"},{"name":"F. Zenoni"},{"name":"Fengwangdong Zhang"},{"name":"K. Beernaert"},{"name":"L. Benucci"},{"name":"A. Cimmino"},{"name":"S. Crucy"},{"name":"D. Dobur"},{"name":"A. Fagot"},{"name":"G. Garcia"},{"name":"M. Gul"},{"name":"J. Mccartin"},{"name":"A. Rios"},{"name":"D. Poyraz"},{"name":"D. Ryckbosch"},{"name":"S. Salva"},{"name":"M. Sigamani"},{"name":"N. Strobbe"},{"name":"M. Tytgat"},{"name":"W. Driessche"},{"name":"E. Yazgan"},{"name":"N. Zaganidis"},{"name":"S. Başeğmez"},{"name":"C. Beluffi"},{"name":"O. Bondu"},{"name":"S. Brochet"},{"name":"G. Bruno"},{"name":"A. Caudron"},{"name":"L. Ceard"},{"name":"G. G. Silveira"},{"name":"C. Delaere"},{"name":"D. Favart"},{"name":"L. Forthomme"},{"name":"A. Giammanco"},{"name":"J. Hollar"},{"name":"A. Jafari"},{"name":"P. Jež"},{"name":"M. Komm"},{"name":"Lemaître"},{"name":"A. Mertens"},{"name":"C. Nuttens"},{"name":"L. Perrini"},{"name":"A. Pin"},{"name":"K. Piotrzkowski"},{"name":"A. Popov"},{"name":"L. Quertenmont"},{"name":"M. Selvaggi"},{"name":"M. Marono"},{"name":"N. Belly"},{"name":"G. Hammad"},{"name":"W. L. A. Júnior"},{"name":"F. Alves"},{"name":"G. Alves"},{"name":"L. Brito"},{"name":"M. Junior"},{"name":"M. Hamer"},{"name":"C. Hensel"},{"name":"C. M. Herrera"},{"name":"A. Moraes"},{"name":"M. Pol"},{"name":"P. R. Teles"},{"name":"E. B. D. Chagas"},{"name":"W. Carvalho"},{"name":"J. Chinellato"},{"name":"A. Custódio"},{"name":"E. Costa"},{"name":"D. J. Damião"},{"name":"C. D. Martins"},{"name":"S. F. 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Tao"},{"name":"C. Wang"},{"name":"Zhixing Wang"},{"name":"Huaqiao Zhang"},{"name":"C. Asawatangtrakuldee"},{"name":"Y. Ban"},{"name":"Q. Li"},{"name":"S. Liu"},{"name":"Y. Mao"},{"name":"S. Qian"},{"name":"Dai-Rong Wang"},{"name":"Zijun Xu"},{"name":"C. Avila"},{"name":"A. Cabrera"},{"name":"L. Sierra"},{"name":"C. Florez"},{"name":"J. Gomez"},{"name":"B. Moreno"},{"name":"J. Sanabria"},{"name":"N. Godinovic"},{"name":"D. Lelas"},{"name":"I. Puljak"},{"name":"P. Cipriano"},{"name":"Z. Antunović"},{"name":"M. Kovač"},{"name":"Brigljevic"},{"name":"K. Kadija"},{"name":"J. Luetić"},{"name":"S. Mićanović"},{"name":"L. Sudić"},{"name":"A. Attikis"},{"name":"G. Mavromanolakis"},{"name":"J. Mousa"},{"name":"C. Nicolaou"},{"name":"F. Ptochos"},{"name":"P. Razis"},{"name":"H. Rykaczewski"},{"name":"M. Bodlák"},{"name":"M. Finger"},{"name":"Y. Assran"},{"name":"S. Elgammal"},{"name":"A. Kamel"},{"name":"M. Mahmoud"},{"name":"Y. Mohammed"},{"name":"B. Calpas"},{"name":"M. Kadastik"},{"name":"M. Murumaa"},{"name":"M. Raidal"},{"name":"A. Tiko"},{"name":"C. Veelken"},{"name":"P. Eerola"},{"name":"J. Pekkanen"},{"name":"M. Voutilainen"},{"name":"J. Härkönen"},{"name":"Karimaki"},{"name":"R. Kinnunen"},{"name":"T. Lampén"},{"name":"K. Lassila-Perini"},{"name":"S. Lehti"},{"name":"T. Lindén"},{"name":"P. Luukka"},{"name":"T. Mäenpää"},{"name":"T. Peltola"},{"name":"E. Tuominen"},{"name":"J. Tuominiemi"},{"name":"E. Tuovinen"},{"name":"L. Wendland"},{"name":"J. Talvitie"},{"name":"T. Tuuva"},{"name":"M. Besançon"},{"name":"F. Couderc"},{"name":"M. Dejardin"},{"name":"D. Denegri"},{"name":"B. Fabbro"},{"name":"J. Faure"},{"name":"C. Favaro"},{"name":"F. Ferri"},{"name":"S. Ganjour"},{"name":"A. Givernaud"},{"name":"P. Gras"},{"name":"G. D. Monchenault"},{"name":"P. Jarry"},{"name":"E. Locci"},{"name":"M. Machet"},{"name":"J. Malcles"},{"name":"J. Rander"},{"name":"A. Rosowsky"},{"name":"M. Titov"},{"name":"A. Zghiche"},{"name":"I. Antropov"},{"name":"S. Baffioni"},{"name":"F. Beaudette"},{"name":"P. Busson"},{"name":"L. Cadamuro"},{"name":"E. Chapon"},{"name":"C. Charlot"},{"name":"T. Dahms"},{"name":"O. Davignon"},{"name":"N. Filipovic"},{"name":"A. Florent"},{"name":"R. D. Cassagnac"},{"name":"S. Lisniak"},{"name":"L. Mastrolorenzo"},{"name":"P. Miné"},{"name":"I. Naranjo"},{"name":"M. Nguyen"},{"name":"C. Ochando"},{"name":"G. Ortona"},{"name":"P. Paganini"},{"name":"P. Pigard"},{"name":"S. Regnard"},{"name":"R. Salerno"},{"name":"J. Sauvan"},{"name":"Y. Sirois"},{"name":"T. Strebler"},{"name":"Y. Yilmaz"},{"name":"A. Zabi"},{"name":"J. Agram"},{"name":"J. Andrea"},{"name":"A. Aubin"},{"name":"D. Bloch"},{"name":"J. Brom"},{"name":"M. Buttignol"},{"name":"E. Chabert"},{"name":"N. Chanon"},{"name":"C. Collard"},{"name":"É. Conte"},{"name":"X. Coubez"},{"name":"J. Fontaine"},{"name":"D. Gelé"},{"name":"U. Goerlach"},{"name":"C. Goetzmann"},{"name":"A. Bihan"},{"name":"J. Merlin"},{"name":"K. Skovpen"},{"name":"P. Hove"},{"name":"S. Gadrat"},{"name":"S. Beauceron"},{"name":"C. Bernet"},{"name":"G. Boudoul"},{"name":"E. Bouvier"},{"name":"C. Montoya"},{"name":"R. Chierici"},{"name":"D. Contardo"},{"name":"B. Courbon"},{"name":"P. Depasse"},{"name":"H. Mamouni"},{"name":"Jiawei Fan"},{"name":"J. Fay"},{"name":"S. Gascon"},{"name":"M. Gouzevitch"},{"name":"B. Ille"},{"name":"F. Lagarde"},{"name":"I. Laktineh"},{"name":"M. Lethuillier"},{"name":"L. Mirabito"},{"name":"A. Pequegnot"},{"name":"S. Perriès"},{"name":"J. Alvarez"},{"name":"D. Sabes"},{"name":"L. Sgandurra"},{"name":"Sordini"},{"name":"M. Donckt"},{"name":"P. Verdier"},{"name":"S. Viret"},{"name":"T. Toriashvili"},{"name":"Z. Tsamalaidze"},{"name":"C. Autermann"},{"name":"S. Beranek"},{"name":"M. Edelhoff"},{"name":"L. Feld"},{"name":"A. Heister"},{"name":"M. K. Kiesel"},{"name":"K. Klein"},{"name":"M. Lipinski"},{"name":"A. Ostapchuk"},{"name":"M. Preuten"},{"name":"F. Raupach"},{"name":"S. Schael"},{"name":"J. Schulte"},{"name":"T. Verlage"},{"name":"H. Weber"},{"name":"B. Wittmer"},{"name":"Zhukov"},{"name":"M. Ata"},{"name":"M. Brodski"},{"name":"E. Dietz-Laursonn"},{"name":"D. Duchardt"},{"name":"M. Endres"},{"name":"M. Erdmann"},{"name":"S. Erdweg"},{"name":"T. Esch"},{"name":"R. Fischer"},{"name":"A. Güth"},{"name":"T. Hebbeker"},{"name":"C. Heidemann"},{"name":"K. Hoepfner"},{"name":"D. Klingebiel"},{"name":"S. Knutzen"},{"name":"P. Kreuzer"},{"name":"M. Merschmeyer"},{"name":"A. Meyer"},{"name":"P. Millet"},{"name":"M. Olschewski"},{"name":"K. Padeken"},{"name":"P. Papacz"},{"name":"T. Pook"},{"name":"M. Radziej"},{"name":"H. Reithler"},{"name":"M. Rieger"},{"name":"F. Scheuch"},{"name":"L. Sonnenschein"},{"name":"D. Teyssier"},{"name":"S. Thüer"},{"name":"Cherepanov"},{"name":"Y. Erdogan"},{"name":"G. Flügge"},{"name":"H. Geenen"},{"name":"M. Geisler"},{"name":"F. Hoehle"},{"name":"B. Kargoll"},{"name":"T. Kress"},{"name":"Y. Kuessel"},{"name":"A. Künsken"},{"name":"J. Lingemann"},{"name":"A. Nehrkorn"},{"name":"A. Nowack"},{"name":"I. Nugent"},{"name":"C. Pistone"},{"name":"O. Pooth"},{"name":"A. Stahl"},{"name":"M. Martín"},{"name":"I. Asin"},{"name":"N. Bartosik"},{"name":"O. Behnke"},{"name":"U. Behrens"},{"name":"A. Bell"},{"name":"K. Borras"},{"name":"A. Burgmeier"},{"name":"A. Cakir"},{"name":"L. Calligaris"},{"name":"A. Campbell"},{"name":"S. Choudhury"},{"name":"F. Costanza"},{"name":"C. Pardos"},{"name":"G. Dolinska"},{"name":"S. Dooling"},{"name":"T. Dorland"},{"name":"G. Eckerlin"},{"name":"D. Eckstein"},{"name":"T. Eichhorn"},{"name":"G. Flucke"},{"name":"E. Gao"},{"name":"J. Garcia"},{"name":"A. Geiser"},{"name":"A. Gizhko"},{"name":"P. Gunnellini"},{"name":"J. Hauk"},{"name":"M. Hempel"},{"name":"H. Jung"},{"name":"A. Kalogeropoulos"},{"name":"O. Karacheban"},{"name":"M. Kasemann"},{"name":"P. Katsas"},{"name":"J. Kieseler"},{"name":"C. Kleinwort"},{"name":"I. Korol"},{"name":"W. Lange"},{"name":"J. Leonard"},{"name":"K. Lipka"},{"name":"A. Lobanov"},{"name":"W. Lohmann"},{"name":"R. Mankel"},{"name":"I. Marfin"},{"name":"I. Melzer-Pellmann"},{"name":"A. Meyer"},{"name":"G. Mittag"},{"name":"J. Mnich"},{"name":"A. Mussgiller"},{"name":"S. Naumann-Emme"},{"name":"A. Nayak"},{"name":"E. Ntomari"},{"name":"H. Perrey"},{"name":"D. Pitzl"},{"name":"R. Plačakytė"},{"name":"A. Raspereza"},{"name":"B. Roland"},{"name":"M. Sahin"},{"name":"P. Saxena"},{"name":"T. Schoerner-Sadenius"},{"name":"M. Schröder"},{"name":"C. Seitz"},{"name":"S. Spannagel"},{"name":"K. D. Trippkewitz"},{"name":"R. Walsh"},{"name":"C. Wissing"},{"name":"Blobel"},{"name":"M. Vignali"},{"name":"A. Draeger"},{"name":"J. Erfle"}],"abstract":"Improved jet energy scale corrections, based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse-femtobarns collected by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, are presented. The corrections as a function of pseudorapidity eta and transverse momentum pT are extracted from data and simulated events combining several channels and methods. They account successively for the effects of pileup, uniformity of the detector response, and residual data-simulation jet energy scale differences. Further corrections, depending on the jet flavor and distance parameter (jet size) R, are also presented. The jet energy resolution is measured in data and simulated events and is studied as a function of pileup, jet size, and jet flavor. Typical jet energy resolutions at the central rapidities are 15-20% at 30 GeV, about 10% at 100 GeV, and 5% at 1 TeV. The studies exploit events with dijet topology, as well as photon+jet, Z+jet and multijet events. Several new techniques are used to account for the various sources of jet energy scale corrections, and a full set of uncertainties, and their correlations, are provided. The final uncertainties on the jet energy scale are below 3% across the phase space considered by most analyses (pT\u003e30 GeV and abs(eta)30 GeV is reached, when excluding the jet flavor uncertainties, which are provided separately for different jet flavors. A new benchmark for jet energy scale determination at hadron colliders is achieved with 0.32% uncertainty for jets with pT of the order of 165-330 GeV, and abs(eta)\u003c0.8.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2016,"language":"en","subjects":["Physics"],"doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/12/02/P02014","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5714d9afe298513d9d5c6402419fed7027f2cbad","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-0221/12/02/P02014/pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":897,"published_at":"","score":86.91},{"id":"ss_2a34be9663b2ce3f09ba998b950e99c4d1708543","title":"Some q‐Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Aggregation Operators and their Applications to Multiple‐Attribute Decision Making","authors":[{"name":"Peide Liu"},{"name":"Peng Wang"}],"abstract":"The q‐rung orthopair fuzzy sets (q‐ROFs) are an important way to express uncertain information, and they are superior to the intuitionistic fuzzy sets and the Pythagorean fuzzy sets. Their eminent characteristic is that the sum of the qth power of the membership degree and the qth power of the degrees of non‐membership is equal to or less than 1, so the space of uncertain information they can describe is broader. Under these environments, we propose the q‐rung orthopair fuzzy weighted averaging operator and the q‐rung orthopair fuzzy weighted geometric operator to deal with the decision information, and their some properties are well proved. Further, based on these operators, we presented two new methods to deal with the multi‐attribute decision making problems under the fuzzy environment. Finally, we used some practical examples to illustrate the validity and superiority of the proposed method by comparing with other existing methods.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2018,"language":"en","subjects":["Mathematics","Computer Science"],"doi":"10.1002/int.21927","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2a34be9663b2ce3f09ba998b950e99c4d1708543","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/int.21927","is_open_access":true,"citations":819,"published_at":"","score":86.57},{"id":"ss_1aa57fd9f06e73c5fb05f070cc88b2f7cc3aa6d3","title":"Offloading in Mobile Edge Computing: Task Allocation and Computational Frequency Scaling","authors":[{"name":"T. Dinh"},{"name":"Jianhua Tang"},{"name":"Q. La"},{"name":"Tony Q. S. Quek"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2017,"language":"en","subjects":["Computer Science"],"doi":"10.1109/TCOMM.2017.2699660","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1aa57fd9f06e73c5fb05f070cc88b2f7cc3aa6d3","is_open_access":true,"citations":842,"published_at":"","score":86.25999999999999},{"id":"ss_0988b91244ae624209d850ce5094296d52ba73d9","title":"Observation of electron-antineutrino disappearance at Daya Bay.","authors":[{"name":"F. An"},{"name":"J. Bai"},{"name":"A. Balantekin"},{"name":"H. Band"},{"name":"D. Beavis"},{"name":"W. Beriguete"},{"name":"M. Bishai"},{"name":"S. Blyth"},{"name":"K. Boddy"},{"name":"R. Brown"},{"name":"B. Cai"},{"name":"G. Cao"},{"name":"J. Cao"},{"name":"R. Carr"},{"name":"W. Chan"},{"name":"J. Chang"},{"name":"Y. Chang"},{"name":"C. Chasman"},{"name":"H. Chen"},{"name":"H. Chen"},{"name":"S. Chen"},{"name":"S. Chen"},{"name":"X. Chen"},{"name":"X. Chen"},{"name":"X. Chen"},{"name":"Y. Chen"},{"name":"Y. Chen"},{"name":"J. Cherwinka"},{"name":"M. Chu"},{"name":"J. Cummings"},{"name":"Z. Deng"},{"name":"Y. Ding"},{"name":"M. Diwan"},{"name":"L. Dong"},{"name":"E. Draeger"},{"name":"X. Du"},{"name":"D. Dwyer"},{"name":"W. Edwards"},{"name":"S. Ely"},{"name":"S. Fang"},{"name":"J. Fu"},{"name":"Z. Fu"},{"name":"L. Ge"},{"name":"V. Ghazikhanian"},{"name":"R. Gill"},{"name":"J. Goett"},{"name":"M. Gonchar"},{"name":"G. Gong"},{"name":"H. Gong"},{"name":"Y. Gornushkin"},{"name":"L. Greenler"},{"name":"W. Gu"},{"name":"M. Guan"},{"name":"X. Guo"},{"name":"R. Hackenburg"},{"name":"R. Hahn"},{"name":"S. Hans"},{"name":"M. He"},{"name":"Q. He"},{"name":"W. He"},{"name":"K. Heeger"},{"name":"Y. Heng"},{"name":"P. Hinrichs"},{"name":"T. Ho"},{"name":"Y. Hor"},{"name":"Y. Hsiung"},{"name":"B. Hu"},{"name":"T. Hu"},{"name":"H. Huang"},{"name":"H. Huang"},{"name":"P. Huang"},{"name":"X. Huang"},{"name":"X. Huang"},{"name":"P. Huber"},{"name":"Z. Isvan"},{"name":"D. Jaffe"},{"name":"S. Jetter"},{"name":"X. Ji"},{"name":"X. Ji"},{"name":"H. Jiang"},{"name":"W. Jiang"},{"name":"J. Jiao"},{"name":"R. Johnson"},{"name":"L. Kang"},{"name":"S. Kettell"},{"name":"M. Kramer"},{"name":"K. Kwan"},{"name":"M. Kwok"},{"name":"T. Kwok"},{"name":"C. Lai"},{"name":"W. Lai"},{"name":"W. Lai"},{"name":"K. Lau"},{"name":"L. Lebanowski"},{"name":"J. Lee"},{"name":"M. K. Lee"},{"name":"R. Leitner"},{"name":"J. Leung"},{"name":"K. Y. Leung"},{"name":"C. Lewis"},{"name":"B. Li"},{"name":"F. Li"},{"name":"G. Li"},{"name":"J. Li"},{"name":"Q. Li"},{"name":"S. Li"},{"name":"W. Li"},{"name":"X. Li"},{"name":"X. Li"},{"name":"X. Li"},{"name":"Y. Li"},{"name":"Z. Li"},{"name":"H. Liang"},{"name":"J. Liang"},{"name":"C. Lin"},{"name":"G. Lin"},{"name":"S. Lin"},{"name":"S. X. Lin"},{"name":"Y. Lin"},{"name":"J. Ling"},{"name":"J. Link"},{"name":"L. Littenberg"},{"name":"B. Littlejohn"},{"name":"B. Liu"},{"name":"C. Liu"},{"name":"D. W. Liu"},{"name":"H. Liu"},{"name":"J. Liu"},{"name":"J. Liu"},{"name":"S. Liu"},{"name":"X. Liu"},{"name":"Y. Liu"},{"name":"C. Lu"},{"name":"H. Lu"},{"name":"A. Luk"},{"name":"K. Luk"},{"name":"T. Luo"},{"name":"X. Luo"},{"name":"L. Ma"},{"name":"Q. Ma"},{"name":"X. Ma"},{"name":"X. Ma"},{"name":"Y. Ma"},{"name":"B. Mayes"},{"name":"K. McDonald"},{"name":"M. McFarlane"},{"name":"R. Mckeown"},{"name":"Y. Meng"},{"name":"D. Mohapatra"},{"name":"J. Morgan"},{"name":"Y. Nakajima"},{"name":"J. Napolitano"},{"name":"D. Naumov"},{"name":"I. Nemchenok"},{"name":"C. Newsom"},{"name":"H. Ngai"},{"name":"W. Ngai"},{"name":"Y. Nie"},{"name":"Z. Ning"},{"name":"J. Ochoa-Ricoux"},{"name":"D. Oh"},{"name":"A. Olshevski"},{"name":"A. Pagac"},{"name":"S. Patton"},{"name":"C. Pearson"},{"name":"V. Pěč"},{"name":"J. C. Peng"},{"name":"L. Piilonen"},{"name":"L. Pinsky"},{"name":"C. Pun"},{"name":"F. Qi"},{"name":"M. Qi"},{"name":"X. Qian"},{"name":"N. Raper"},{"name":"R. Rosero"},{"name":"B. Roskovec"},{"name":"X. Ruan"},{"name":"B. Seilhan"},{"name":"B. Shao"},{"name":"K. Shih"},{"name":"H. Steiner"},{"name":"P. Stoler"},{"name":"G. Sun"},{"name":"J. Sun"},{"name":"Y. Tam"},{"name":"H. Tanaka"},{"name":"X. Tang"},{"name":"H. Themann"},{"name":"Y. Torun"},{"name":"S. Trentalange"},{"name":"O. Tsai"},{"name":"K. Tsang"},{"name":"R. Tsang"},{"name":"C. Tull"},{"name":"B. Viren"},{"name":"S. Virostek"},{"name":"V. Vorobel"},{"name":"C. Wang"},{"name":"L. Wang"},{"name":"L. Wang"},{"name":"L. Wang"},{"name":"M. Wang"},{"name":"N. Wang"},{"name":"R. Wang"},{"name":"T. Wang"},{"name":"W. Wang"},{"name":"X. Wang"},{"name":"Y. Wang"},{"name":"Z. Wang"},{"name":"Z. Wang"},{"name":"D. Webber"},{"name":"Y. Wei"},{"name":"L. Wen"},{"name":"D. Wenman"},{"name":"K. Whisnant"},{"name":"C. White"},{"name":"L. Whitehead"},{"name":"C. Whitten"},{"name":"J. Wilhelmi"},{"name":"T. Wise"},{"name":"H. Wong"},{"name":"H. Wong"},{"name":"J. Wong"},{"name":"E. Worcester"},{"name":"F. F. Wu"},{"name":"Q. Wu"},{"name":"D. Xia"},{"name":"S. Xiang"},{"name":"Q. Xiao"},{"name":"Z. Xing"},{"name":"G. Xu"},{"name":"J. Xu"},{"name":"J. Xu"},{"name":"W. Xu"},{"name":"Y. Xu"},{"name":"T. Xue"},{"name":"C. Yang"},{"name":"L. Yang"},{"name":"M. Ye"},{"name":"M. Yeh"},{"name":"Y. Yeh"},{"name":"K. Yip"},{"name":"B. Young"},{"name":"Z. Yu"},{"name":"L. Zhan"},{"name":"C. Zhang"},{"name":"F. Zhang"},{"name":"J. Zhang"},{"name":"Q. Zhang"},{"name":"K. Zhang"},{"name":"Q. Zhang"},{"name":"S. Zhang"},{"name":"Y. C. Zhang"},{"name":"Y. Zhang"},{"name":"Y. Zhang"},{"name":"Z. Zhang"},{"name":"Z. Zhang"},{"name":"Z. Zhang"},{"name":"J. Zhao"},{"name":"Q. Zhao"},{"name":"Y. Zhao"},{"name":"L. Zheng"},{"name":"W. Zhong"},{"name":"L. Zhou"},{"name":"Z. Zhou"},{"name":"H. Zhuang"},{"name":"J. Zou"}],"abstract":"The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment has measured a nonzero value for the neutrino mixing angle θ(13) with a significance of 5.2 standard deviations. Antineutrinos from six 2.9 GWth reactors were detected in six antineutrino detectors deployed in two near (flux-weighted baseline 470 m and 576 m) and one far (1648 m) underground experimental halls. With a 43,000 ton-GWth-day live-time exposure in 55 days, 10,416 (80,376) electron-antineutrino candidates were detected at the far hall (near halls). The ratio of the observed to expected number of antineutrinos at the far hall is R=0.940±0.011(stat.)±0.004(syst.). A rate-only analysis finds sin(2)2θ(13)=0.092±0.016(stat.)±0.005(syst.) in a three-neutrino framework.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2012,"language":"en","subjects":["Physics","Medicine"],"doi":"10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.171803","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0988b91244ae624209d850ce5094296d52ba73d9","pdf_url":"https://link.aps.org/accepted/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.171803","is_open_access":true,"citations":2132,"published_at":"","score":86},{"id":"ss_30f1a8ebbac1f4decccc1b0de33dc37f39ebeb18","title":"The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster.","authors":[{"name":"M. Adams"},{"name":"S. Celniker"},{"name":"R. Holt"},{"name":"C. Evans"},{"name":"J. Gocayne"},{"name":"P. Amanatides"},{"name":"S. Scherer"},{"name":"P. Li"},{"name":"R. Hoskins"},{"name":"R. Galle"},{"name":"R. George"},{"name":"S. Lewis"},{"name":"S. Richards"},{"name":"M. Ashburner"},{"name":"S. Henderson"},{"name":"G. Sutton"},{"name":"J. Wortman"},{"name":"M. Yandell"},{"name":"Q. Zhang"},{"name":"L. Chen"},{"name":"R. Brandon"},{"name":"Y. Rogers"},{"name":"R. Blazej"},{"name":"M. Champe"},{"name":"B. Pfeiffer"},{"name":"K. Wan"},{"name":"C. Doyle"},{"name":"E. G. Baxter"},{"name":"G. Helt"},{"name":"C. Nelson"},{"name":"G. Gábor"},{"name":"J. F. Abril"},{"name":"A. Agbayani"},{"name":"H. An"},{"name":"C. Andrews-Pfannkoch"},{"name":"D. Baldwin"},{"name":"R. Ballew"},{"name":"A. Basu"},{"name":"J. Baxendale"},{"name":"L. Bayraktaroglu"},{"name":"E. Beasley"},{"name":"K. Beeson"},{"name":"P. Benos"},{"name":"B. Berman"},{"name":"D. Bhandari"},{"name":"S. Bolshakov"},{"name":"D. Borkova"},{"name":"M. Botchan"},{"name":"J. Bouck"},{"name":"P. Brokstein"},{"name":"P. Brottier"},{"name":"K. C. Burtis"},{"name":"D. Busam"},{"name":"H. Butler"},{"name":"É. Cadieu"},{"name":"A. Center"},{"name":"I. Chandra"},{"name":"J. Cherry"},{"name":"S. Cawley"},{"name":"C. Dahlke"},{"name":"L. Davenport"},{"name":"P. Davies"},{"name":"B. de Pablos"},{"name":"A. Delcher"},{"name":"Z. Deng"},{"name":"A. Mays"},{"name":"I. Dew"},{"name":"S. Dietz"},{"name":"K. Dodson"},{"name":"L. Doup"},{"name":"M. Downes"},{"name":"S. Dugan-Rocha"},{"name":"B. Dunkov"},{"name":"P. Dunn"},{"name":"K. Durbin"},{"name":"C. Evangelista"},{"name":"C. Ferraz"},{"name":"S. Ferriera"},{"name":"W. Fleischmann"},{"name":"C. Fosler"},{"name":"A. Gabrielian"},{"name":"N. Garg"},{"name":"W. Gelbart"},{"name":"K. Glasser"},{"name":"A. Glodek"},{"name":"F. Gong"},{"name":"J. H. Gorrell"},{"name":"Z. Gu"},{"name":"P. Guan"},{"name":"M. Harris"},{"name":"N. Harris"},{"name":"D. Harvey"},{"name":"T. J. Heiman"},{"name":"J. Hernandez"},{"name":"J. Houck"},{"name":"D. Hostin"},{"name":"K. Houston"},{"name":"T. Howland"},{"name":"M. Wei"},{"name":"C. Ibegwam"},{"name":"M. Jalali"},{"name":"F. Kalush"},{"name":"G. Karpen"},{"name":"Z. Ke"},{"name":"J. Kennison"},{"name":"K. Ketchum"},{"name":"B. E. Kimmel"},{"name":"C. Kodira"},{"name":"C. Kraft"},{"name":"S. Kravitz"},{"name":"D. Kulp"},{"name":"Z. Lai"},{"name":"P. Lasko"},{"name":"Y. Lei"},{"name":"A. Levitsky"},{"name":"J. Li"},{"name":"Z. Li"},{"name":"Y. Liang"},{"name":"X. Lin"},{"name":"X. Liu"},{"name":"B. Mattei"},{"name":"T. McIntosh"},{"name":"M. P. McLeod"},{"name":"D. McPherson"},{"name":"G. Merkulov"},{"name":"N. Milshina"},{"name":"C. Mobarry"},{"name":"J. Morris"},{"name":"A. Moshrefi"},{"name":"Stephen M. Mount"},{"name":"M. Moy"},{"name":"B. Murphy"},{"name":"L. Murphy"},{"name":"D. Muzny"},{"name":"D. Nelson"},{"name":"D. Nelson"},{"name":"K. Nelson"},{"name":"K. Nixon"},{"name":"D. Nusskern"},{"name":"J. Pacleb"},{"name":"M. Palazzolo"},{"name":"G. Pittman"},{"name":"S. Pan"},{"name":"J. Pollard"},{"name":"V. Puri"},{"name":"M. G. Reese"},{"name":"K. Reinert"},{"name":"K. Remington"},{"name":"R. Saunders"},{"name":"F. Scheeler"},{"name":"H. Shen"},{"name":"B. Shue"},{"name":"I. Sidén-Kiamos"},{"name":"M. Simpson"},{"name":"M. Skupski"},{"name":"T. Smith"},{"name":"E. Spier"},{"name":"A. Spradling"},{"name":"M. Stapleton"},{"name":"R. Strong"},{"name":"E. Sun"},{"name":"Rob Svirskas"},{"name":"C. Tector"},{"name":"R. Turner"},{"name":"E. Venter"},{"name":"A. H. Wang"},{"name":"X. Wang"},{"name":"Z. Y. Wang"},{"name":"D. Wassarman"},{"name":"G. Weinstock"},{"name":"J. Weissenbach"},{"name":"S. Williams"},{"name":"WoodageT"},{"name":"K. Worley"},{"name":"D. Wu"},{"name":"S. Yang"},{"name":"Q. Yao"},{"name":"J. Ye"},{"name":"R. Yeh"},{"name":"J. Zaveri"},{"name":"M. Zhan"},{"name":"G. Zhang"},{"name":"Q. Zhao"},{"name":"L. Zheng"},{"name":"X. H. Zheng"},{"name":"F. Zhong"},{"name":"W. Zhong"},{"name":"X. Zhou"},{"name":"S. Zhu"},{"name":"X. Zhu"},{"name":"H. Smith"},{"name":"R. Gibbs"},{"name":"E. Myers"},{"name":"G. Rubin"},{"name":"J. Venter"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2000,"language":"en","subjects":["Biology","Medicine"],"doi":"10.1126/SCIENCE.287.5461.2185","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/30f1a8ebbac1f4decccc1b0de33dc37f39ebeb18","pdf_url":"http://faculty.evansville.edu/be6/b4456/genomep/adams.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":6267,"published_at":"","score":80},{"id":"ss_6c21b7b14a0e8e41aaa1874593c88bbdb4e73c8e","title":"Ultra-high-Q toroid microcavity on a chip","authors":[{"name":"T. Kippenberg"},{"name":"D. Armani"},{"name":"S. Spillane"},{"name":"K. Vahala"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2003,"language":"en","subjects":["Materials Science","Medicine"],"doi":"10.1038/nature01371","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6c21b7b14a0e8e41aaa1874593c88bbdb4e73c8e","is_open_access":true,"citations":2087,"published_at":"","score":80},{"id":"ss_568021846f70f4d7c2027c057e39ce66b8bd4312","title":"Topologically enabled ultrahigh-Q guided resonances robust to out-of-plane scattering","authors":[{"name":"Jicheng Jin"},{"name":"Xuefan Yin"},{"name":"Liangfu Ni"},{"name":"M. Soljačić"},{"name":"B. Zhen"},{"name":"Chao Peng"}],"abstract":"Because of their ability to confine light, optical resonators1–3 are of great importance to science and technology, but their performance is often limited by out-of-plane-scattering losses caused by inevitable fabrication imperfections4,5. Here we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a class of guided resonances in photonic crystal slabs, in which out-of-plane-scattering losses are strongly suppressed by their topological nature. These resonances arise when multiple bound states in the continuum—each carrying a topological charge6—merge in momentum space and enhance the quality factors Q of all nearby resonances in the same band. Using such resonances in the telecommunication regime, we experimentally achieve quality factors as high as 4.9 × 105—12 times higher than those obtained with standard designs—and this enhancement remains robust for all of our samples. Our work paves the way for future explorations of topological photonics in systems with open boundary conditions and for their application to the improvement of optoelectronic devices in photonic integrated circuits. Bound states in the continuum are merged in momentum space by varying the periodicity of the photonic crystal lattice, giving high-quality-factor guided resonances that are robust to out-of-plane scattering.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2018,"language":"en","subjects":["Physics","Medicine"],"doi":"10.1038/s41586-019-1664-7","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/568021846f70f4d7c2027c057e39ce66b8bd4312","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.00892","is_open_access":true,"citations":578,"published_at":"","score":79.34},{"id":"crossref_10.3390/polym12081641","title":"Bio-Polyethylene (Bio-PE), Bio-Polypropylene (Bio-PP) and Bio-Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (Bio-PET): Recent Developments in Bio-Based Polymers Analogous to Petroleum-Derived Ones for Packaging and Engineering Applications","authors":[{"name":"Valentina Siracusa"},{"name":"Ignazio Blanco"}],"abstract":"In recent year, there has been increasing concern about the growing amount of plastic waste coming from daily life. Different kinds of synthetic plastics are currently used for an extensive range of needs, but in order to reduce the impact of petroleum-based plastics and material waste, considerable attention has been focused on “green” plastics. In this paper, we present a broad review on the advances in the research and development of bio-based polymers analogous to petroleum-derived ones. The main interest for the development of bio-based materials is the strong public concern about waste, pollution and carbon footprint. The sustainability of those polymers, for general and specific applications, is driven by the great progress in the processing technologies that refine biomass feedstocks in order to obtain bio-based monomers that are used as building blocks. At the same time, thanks to the industrial progress, it is possible to obtain more versatile and specific chemical structures in order to synthetize polymers with ad-hoc tailored properties and functionalities, with engineering applications that include packaging but also durable and electronic goods. In particular, three types of polymers were described in this review: Bio-polyethylene (Bio-PE), bio-polypropylene (Bio-PP) and Bio-poly(ethylene terephthalate) (Bio-PET). The recent advances in their development in terms of processing technologies, product development and applications, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, are reported.","source":"CrossRef","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.3390/polym12081641","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12081641","is_open_access":true,"citations":450,"published_at":"","score":77.5},{"id":"ss_a6f9fb141034a87ff9d627dc8a3ef31d0790c6ed","title":"IDQL: Implicit Q-Learning as an Actor-Critic Method with Diffusion Policies","authors":[{"name":"Philippe Hansen-Estruch"},{"name":"Ilya Kostrikov"},{"name":"Michael Janner"},{"name":"J. Kuba"},{"name":"S. Levine"}],"abstract":"Effective offline RL methods require properly handling out-of-distribution actions. Implicit Q-learning (IQL) addresses this by training a Q-function using only dataset actions through a modified Bellman backup. However, it is unclear which policy actually attains the values represented by this implicitly trained Q-function. In this paper, we reinterpret IQL as an actor-critic method by generalizing the critic objective and connecting it to a behavior-regularized implicit actor. This generalization shows how the induced actor balances reward maximization and divergence from the behavior policy, with the specific loss choice determining the nature of this tradeoff. Notably, this actor can exhibit complex and multimodal characteristics, suggesting issues with the conditional Gaussian actor fit with advantage weighted regression (AWR) used in prior methods. Instead, we propose using samples from a diffusion parameterized behavior policy and weights computed from the critic to then importance sampled our intended policy. We introduce Implicit Diffusion Q-learning (IDQL), combining our general IQL critic with the policy extraction method. IDQL maintains the ease of implementation of IQL while outperforming prior offline RL methods and demonstrating robustness to hyperparameters. Code is available at https://github.com/philippe-eecs/IDQL.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["Computer Science"],"doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2304.10573","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a6f9fb141034a87ff9d627dc8a3ef31d0790c6ed","pdf_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.10573","is_open_access":true,"citations":253,"published_at":"","score":74.59},{"id":"ss_999cb6e256b3ead7e74adc09ec20fecb657749fd","title":"Development and Validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q)","authors":[{"name":"Laura Hull"},{"name":"W. Mandy"},{"name":"Meng-Chuan Lai"},{"name":"Meng-Chuan Lai"},{"name":"Meng-Chuan Lai"},{"name":"S. Baron-Cohen"},{"name":"C. Allison"},{"name":"Paula Smith"},{"name":"K. Petrides"}],"abstract":"There currently exist no self-report measures of social camouflaging behaviours (strategies used to compensate for or mask autistic characteristics during social interactions). The Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) was developed from autistic adults’ experiences of camouflaging, and was administered online to 354 autistic and 478 non-autistic adults. Exploratory factor analysis suggested three factors, comprising of 25 items in total. Good model fit was demonstrated through confirmatory factor analysis, with measurement invariance analyses demonstrating equivalent factor structures across gender and diagnostic group. Internal consistency (α = 0.94) and preliminary test–retest reliability (r = 0.77) were acceptable. Convergent validity was demonstrated through comparison with measures of autistic traits, wellbeing, anxiety, and depression. The present study provides robust psychometric support for the CAT-Q.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2018,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine","Psychology"],"doi":"10.1007/s10803-018-3792-6","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/999cb6e256b3ead7e74adc09ec20fecb657749fd","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10803-018-3792-6.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":382,"published_at":"","score":73.46000000000001},{"id":"ss_6f5503104528189c41745123ed759d7251710f79","title":"Multiple-Attribute Group Decision-Making Based on q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Power Maclaurin Symmetric Mean Operators","authors":[{"name":"Peide Liu"},{"name":"Shyi-Ming Chen"},{"name":"Peng Wang"}],"abstract":"To be able to describe more complex fuzzy uncertainty information effectively, the concept of ${q}$ -rung orthopair fuzzy sets ( ${q}$ -ROFSs) was first proposed by Yager. The ${q}$ -ROFSs can dynamically adjust the range of indication of decision information by changing a parameter ${q}$ based on the different hesitation degree from the decision-makers, where ${q} {\\ge } {1}$ , so they outperform the traditional intuitionistic fuzzy sets and Pythagorean fuzzy sets. In real decision-making problems, there is often an interaction phenomenon between attributes. For aggregating these complex fuzzy information, the Maclaurin symmetric mean (MSM) operator is more superior by considering interrelationships among attributes. In addition, the power average (PA) operator can reduce the effects of extreme evaluating data from some experts with prejudice. In this paper, we introduce the PA operator and the MSM operator based on ${q}$ -rung orthopair fuzzy numbers ( ${q}$ -ROFNs). Then, we put forward the ${q}$ -rung orthopair fuzzy power MSM ( ${q}$ -ROFPMSM) operator and the ${q}$ -rung orthopair fuzzy power weighed MSM ( ${q}$ -ROFPWMSM) operator of ${q}$ -ROFNs and present some of their properties. Finally, we present a novel multiple-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) method based on the ${q}$ -ROFPWA and the ${q}$ -ROFPWMSM operators. The experimental results show that the novel MAGDM method outperforms the existing MAGDM methods for dealing with MAGDM problems.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":["Mathematics","Computer Science"],"doi":"10.1109/TSMC.2018.2852948","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6f5503104528189c41745123ed759d7251710f79","is_open_access":true,"citations":289,"published_at":"","score":72.67},{"id":"ss_8c748edf6b5e620f3132f475846ab1bfd20f8bb6","title":"Multiple-Attribute Decision-Making Based on Archimedean Bonferroni Operators of q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Numbers","authors":[{"name":"Peide Liu"},{"name":"Peng Wang"}],"abstract":"The theory of $q$-rung orthopair fuzzy sets ($q$-ROFSs) proposed by Yager effectively describes fuzzy information in the real world. Because $q$-ROFSs contain the parameter $q$ and can adjust the range of expressed fuzzy information, they are superior to both intuitionistic and Pythagorean fuzzy sets. Archimedean T-norm and T-conorm (ATT) is an important tool used to generate operational rules based on the q-rung orthopair fuzzy numbers ($q$-ROFNs). In comparison, the Bonferroni mean (BM) operator has an advantage because it considers the interrelationships between the different attributes. Therefore, it is an important and meaningful innovation to extend the BM operator to the $q$-ROFNs based upon the ATT. In this paper, we first discuss $q$-rung orthopair fuzzy operational rules by using ATT. Furthermore, we extend BM operator to the $q$-ROFNs and propose the $q$-rung orthopair fuzzy Archimedean BM $(q\\hbox{-}{ROFABM})$ operator and the q-rung orthopair fuzzy weighted Archimedean BM $(q\\hbox{-}{ROFWABM})$ operator and study their desirable properties. Then, a new multiple-attribute decision-making (MADM) method is developed based on $q\\hbox{-}{ROFWABM}$ operator. Finally, we use a practical example to verify effectiveness and superiority by comparing to other existing methods.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2019,"language":"en","subjects":["Computer Science","Mathematics"],"doi":"10.1109/TFUZZ.2018.2826452","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8c748edf6b5e620f3132f475846ab1bfd20f8bb6","is_open_access":true,"citations":319,"published_at":"","score":72.57}],"total":1664903,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["arXiv","Semantic Scholar","CrossRef"],"query":"q-bio.PE"}