{"results":[{"id":"ss_8ba9ff2a1528d7d17169f59a5e2ff30c0d50cb52","title":"Veterinary Medicine: A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats and Horses","authors":[{"name":"D. C. Blood"},{"name":"O. Radostits"},{"name":"J. Arundel"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":1994,"language":"en","subjects":["Biology"],"url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8ba9ff2a1528d7d17169f59a5e2ff30c0d50cb52","is_open_access":true,"citations":3365,"published_at":"","score":80},{"id":"ss_1f51e3a998d21a8d88e7c507bb414e221d5b9217","title":"The Use of Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Medicine, a Complex Phenomenon: A Narrative Review","authors":[{"name":"Alice Caneschi"},{"name":"A. Bardhi"},{"name":"A. Barbarossa"},{"name":"A. Zaghini"}],"abstract":"As warned by Sir Alexander Fleming in his Nobel Prize address: “the use of antimicrobials can, and will, lead to resistance”. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has recently increased due to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, and their use in animals (food-producing and companion) has also resulted in the selection and transmission of resistant bacteria. The epidemiology of resistance is complex, and factors other than the overall quantity of antibiotics consumed may influence it. Nowadays, AMR has a serious impact on society, both economically and in terms of healthcare. This narrative review aimed to provide a scenario of the state of the AMR phenomenon in veterinary medicine related to the use of antibiotics in different animal species; the impact that it can have on animals, as well as humans and the environment, was considered. Providing some particular instances, the authors tried to explain the vastness of the phenomenon of AMR in veterinary medicine due to many and diverse aspects that cannot always be controlled. The veterinarian is the main reference point here and has a high responsibility towards the human–animal–environment triad. Sharing such a burden with human medicine and cooperating together for the same purpose (fighting and containing AMR) represents an effective example of the application of the One Health approach.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.3390/antibiotics12030487","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1f51e3a998d21a8d88e7c507bb414e221d5b9217","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/3/487/pdf?version=1677653713","is_open_access":true,"citations":260,"published_at":"","score":74.8},{"id":"ss_e7024a2edc70bfd9d68d75adf827688aac84322e","title":"Bacteriocins from Lactic Acid Bacteria. A Powerful Alternative as Antimicrobials, Probiotics, and Immunomodulators in Veterinary Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Juan Carlos Hernández-González"},{"name":"Abigail Martínez-Tapia"},{"name":"Gebim Lazcano-Hernández"},{"name":"B. García-Pérez"},{"name":"Nayeli Shantal Castrejón-Jiménez"}],"abstract":"Simple Summary Antibiotic resistance is a growing threat; its indiscriminate use has led to management restrictions in humans and animals. Bacteriocins are powerful antimicrobial peptides that have great potential in the prevention and treatment of diseases in animals. Their antimicrobial activity is rapid, and they show a lower propensity to develop resistance than conventional antibiotics. Currently, their main application is in food preservation systems. However, several studies show their bioactive role as antimicrobials, probiotics, and immunomodulators in animals. Therefore, bacteriocins are an excellent alternative to be applied in several areas of veterinary medicine. Abstract In the search for an alternative treatment to reduce antimicrobial resistance, bacteriocins shine a light on reducing this problem in public and animal health. Bacteriocins are peptides synthesized by bacteria that can inhibit the growth of other bacteria and fungi, parasites, and viruses. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a group of bacteria that produce bacteriocins; their mechanism of action can replace antibiotics and prevent bacterial resistance. In veterinary medicine, LAB and bacteriocins have been used as antimicrobials and probiotics. However, another critical role of bacteriocins is their immunomodulatory effect. This review shows the advances in applying bacteriocins in animal production and veterinary medicine, highlighting their biological roles.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.3390/ani11040979","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e7024a2edc70bfd9d68d75adf827688aac84322e","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/4/979/pdf?version=1617938907","is_open_access":true,"citations":195,"published_at":"","score":70.85},{"id":"ss_a5832c0a45fc755ac99194200613fec2e39294cd","title":"European regulations on the use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine.","authors":[{"name":"I. Schmerold"},{"name":"I. V. van Geijlswijk"},{"name":"R. Gehring"}],"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance endangers the successful combat of bacterial infections in humans and animals. The common use of antibiotic classes including those of high clinical value in human as well as veterinary medicine is a critical factor contributing to or suspected to promote the emergence of antibiotic resistance. New legal provisions laid down in veterinary drug legislations and related guidelines and advice are in force in the European Union to safeguard the effectiveness, accessibility and availability of antibiotics. Categorisation of antibiotics in classes of importance for treatment of infections of humans by the WHO was one of the first steps. This task is also undertaken for antibiotics for treatment of animals by the EMA's Antimicrobial Advice Ad Hoc Expert Group. The new veterinary Regulation (EU) 2019/6 has extended restrictions for use of some antibiotics in animals to a full ban of certain antibiotics. While some (but not all) antibiotic compounds not being authorized in veterinary medicine may still be used in companion animals more strict provisions were already applicable for treatment of food producing animal species. Distinct regulations are in place for the treatment of animals kept in large numbers in flocks. Initial regulations focussed on the protection of consumers from residues of veterinary drugs in food commodities, new regulations address prudent (not routinely) and responsible selection, prescription and use of antibiotics, and have improved the practicality for cascade use outside the terms of marketing authorisation. Mandatory recording of use of veterinary medicinal products for food safety reasons is extended to rules for veterinarians and owners or holders of animals to regularly report the use of antibiotics for the purpose of official surveillance of consumption. National sales data of antibiotic veterinary medicinal products have been collected on a voluntary basis until 2022 by ESVAC, which has created awareness of major differences between EU member states. A significant decline in sales was reported for third and fourth generation cephalosporines, polymyxins (colistin), and (fluoro)quinolones since the initiation in 2011.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106473","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a5832c0a45fc755ac99194200613fec2e39294cd","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106473","is_open_access":true,"citations":110,"published_at":"","score":70.3},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/vetsci13030210","title":"Life Stage-Specific Burdens and Impacts of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Beef Cattle in the United States: A Review of Diagnostics, Impacts on Productivity, and Immune Response","authors":[{"name":"Brooklyn L. Laubinger"},{"name":"Kelsey M. Harvey"},{"name":"William Isaac Jumper"}],"abstract":"Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) remain a significant challenge to productivity and sustainability in beef cattle systems in the United States, contributing to subclinical reductions in growth, reproductive performance, and overall herd health across production stages. Control programs have historically relied on routine anthelmintic use; however, increasing reports of anthelmintic resistance highlight the need for alternative management strategies. This narrative review synthesizes peer-reviewed literature identified through targeted searches of major scientific databases spanning approximately seven decades, with articles selected for relevance to GIN epidemiology, diagnostics, and control in beef cattle. Particular emphasis is placed on life stage-specific susceptibility, host immune development, and the role of diagnostic tools in guiding evidence-based interventions. The review further examines non-anthelmintic strategies such as grazing management, nutritional supplementation, selective breeding, and integrated parasite management practices adapted from small ruminant systems. Across studies, young and immunologically developing cattle experience the greatest productivity losses, while mature animals contribute disproportionately to pasture contamination, reinforcing the importance of targeted control measures. Overall, the literature supports a transition toward integrated, diagnostics-driven parasite control programs that sustain productivity and animal well-being while preserving long-term anthelmintic efficacy.","source":"DOAJ","year":2026,"language":"","subjects":["Veterinary medicine"],"doi":"10.3390/vetsci13030210","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/13/3/210","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":70},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/ani15243556","title":"The Effects of Eyestalk Ablation on the Androgenic Gland and the Male Reproductive Organs in the Kuruma Prawn \u003ci\u003eMarsupenaeus japonicus\u003c/i\u003e","authors":[{"name":"Takehiro Furukawa"},{"name":"Fumihiro Yamane"},{"name":"Takuji Okumura"},{"name":"Taeko Miyazaki"},{"name":"Naoaki Tsutsui"}],"abstract":"Insulin-like androgenic gland factor (IAG) is considered a key regulator of male sexual differentiation and maturation in decapod crustaceans. In several species, \u003ci\u003eIAG\u003c/i\u003e expression is thought to be negatively regulated by the eyestalk, as demonstrated by eyestalk ablation (ESA) experiments. In the kuruma prawn \u003ci\u003eMarsupenaeus japonicus\u003c/i\u003e, however, the upstream regulatory mechanisms of \u003ci\u003eIAG\u003c/i\u003e (\u003ci\u003eMaj-IAG\u003c/i\u003e) remain largely unclear. In the present study, males of different body sizes were subjected to ESA to elucidate these mechanisms. Bilateral ESA induced upregulation of \u003ci\u003eMaj-IAG\u003c/i\u003e expression from day 7 onward, whereas unilateral ESA did not. Moreover, enhanced development of male reproductive organs and hypertrophy of the androgenic gland were observed from day 7 after bilateral ESA. These findings indicate that \u003ci\u003eMaj-IAG\u003c/i\u003e is regulated by eyestalk-derived factor(s), supporting the presence of an eyestalk–androgenic gland endocrine axis in \u003ci\u003eM. japonicus\u003c/i\u003e. By contrast, the expression of \u003ci\u003eMaj-Dsx2\u003c/i\u003e, a homolog of doublesex (\u003ci\u003eDsx\u003c/i\u003e) that has recently been proposed as an upstream regulator of IAG, did not show a consistent increase following bilateral ESA across all experiments, suggesting that the involvement of \u003ci\u003eMaj-Dsx2\u003c/i\u003e in this axis remains unclear. Overall, this study provides fundamental insights into the regulatory mechanisms of decapod male reproduction.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Veterinary medicine","Zoology"],"doi":"10.3390/ani15243556","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/24/3556","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.1016/j.isci.2025.114088","title":"Niclosamide nanoparticles enhance pancreatic cancer sensitivity to gemcitabine via HIF-1α inhibition","authors":[{"name":"Susheel Kumar Nethi"},{"name":"Venugopal Gunda"},{"name":"Nagabhishek Sirpu Natesh"},{"name":"Brianna M. White"},{"name":"Adam S. Mullis"},{"name":"Balaji Narasimhan"},{"name":"Surinder K. Batra"},{"name":"Surya K. Mallapragada"},{"name":"Satyanarayana Rachagani"}],"abstract":"Summary: Pancreatic cancer (PC) exhibits profound metabolic adaptations that support tumor progression, survival, and therapy resistance. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a key regulator of these processes, promoting metabolic reprogramming and chemoresistance. Given that mitochondrial metabolites modulate HIF-1α stability, targeting mitochondrial metabolism offers a promising therapeutic strategy. Niclosamide (Nic), a clinically approved anthelmintic, disrupts mitochondrial function but is limited by poor bioavailability. To overcome this, we developed polyanhydride-based Nic nanoparticles (NicNps) to enhance bioavailability and efficacy. NicNps impaired mitochondrial function, suppressed metabolism, downregulated HIF-1α, and inhibited growth of PC cells and orthotopic gemcitabine (Gem)-resistant mouse tumor models. Notably, NicNps combined with Gem overcame therapy resistance by synergistically reducing tumor hypoxia and HIF-1α-driven metabolic reprogramming. These findings highlight NicNps as a mitochondria-targeted, nanoparticle-based therapy that enhances Nic’s bioavailability while suppressing HIF-1α-driven adaptations. NicNps in combination with Gem offer a promising strategy to overcome therapy resistance and improve treatment outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Science"],"doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114088","url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004225023491","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"ss_3a6d3429c7045922b30e3e7036a2174831458c59","title":"ChatGPT in veterinary medicine: a practical guidance of generative artificial intelligence in clinics, education, and research","authors":[{"name":"Candice P. Chu"}],"abstract":"ChatGPT, the most accessible generative artificial intelligence (AI) tool, offers considerable potential for veterinary medicine, yet a dedicated review of its specific applications is lacking. This review concisely synthesizes the latest research and practical applications of ChatGPT within the clinical, educational, and research domains of veterinary medicine. It intends to provide specific guidance and actionable examples of how generative AI can be directly utilized by veterinary professionals without a programming background. For practitioners, ChatGPT can extract patient data, generate progress notes, and potentially assist in diagnosing complex cases. Veterinary educators can create custom GPTs for student support, while students can utilize ChatGPT for exam preparation. ChatGPT can aid in academic writing tasks in research, but veterinary publishers have set specific requirements for authors to follow. Despite its transformative potential, careful use is essential to avoid pitfalls like hallucination. This review addresses ethical considerations, provides learning resources, and offers tangible examples to guide responsible implementation. A table of key takeaways was provided to summarize this review. By highlighting potential benefits and limitations, this review equips veterinarians, educators, and researchers to harness the power of ChatGPT effectively.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["Computer Science","Medicine"],"doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1395934","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3a6d3429c7045922b30e3e7036a2174831458c59","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1395934/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","is_open_access":true,"citations":31,"published_at":"","score":68.93},{"id":"ss_fb2db631fc28052c8c56ed0d0c4631fa9beb7b68","title":"Therapeutic Use of Bee Venom and Potential Applications in Veterinary Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Roberto Bava"},{"name":"F. Castagna"},{"name":"V. Musella"},{"name":"Carmine Lupia"},{"name":"E. Palma"},{"name":"D. Britti"}],"abstract":"Simple Summary Bee products consist of many substances that have long been known for their medicinal and health-beneficial properties. Venom is certainly the one that has attracted the most interest due to the complexity of its chemical composition. Several types of research have been conducted utilizing biological (cellular) systems to figure out the properties of bee venom in vitro. Primarily, cell lines of various sorts and origins are used for this purpose. Afterward, experiments on murine models paved the way for clinical trials on humans. Therefore, there are numerous reviews summarising the uses of venom for human medicine, but none have focused on its use in veterinary medicine. This review aims to gather the relevant publications on the use of bee venom in veterinary medicine. Abstract Apitherapy is a branch of alternative medicine that consists of the treatment of diseases through products collected, processed, and secreted by bees, specifically pollen, propolis, honey, royal jelly, and bee venom. In traditional medicine, the virtues of honey and propolis have been well-known for centuries. The same, however, cannot be said for venom. The use of bee venom is particularly relevant for many therapeutic aspects. In recent decades, scientific studies have confirmed and enabled us to understand its properties. Bee venom has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, central nervous system inhibiting, radioprotective, antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties, among others. Numerous studies have often been summarised in reviews of the scientific literature that have focused on the results obtained with mouse models and their subsequent transposition to the human patient. In contrast, few reviews of scientific work on the use of bee venom in veterinary medicine exist. This review aims to take stock of the research achievements in this particular discipline, with a view to a recapitulation and stabilisation in the different research fields.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.3390/vetsci10020119","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fb2db631fc28052c8c56ed0d0c4631fa9beb7b68","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/2/119/pdf?version=1675498998","is_open_access":true,"citations":51,"published_at":"","score":68.53},{"id":"ss_d5d11ecbbab0a7e998b802b29dd9f8c24189a27a","title":"Old Antibiotics Can Learn New Ways: A Systematic Review of Florfenicol Use in Veterinary Medicine and Future Perspectives Using Nanotechnology","authors":[{"name":"Emilia Trif"},{"name":"C. Cerbu"},{"name":"D. Olah"},{"name":"S. Zăblău"},{"name":"M. Spînu"},{"name":"A. Potărniche"},{"name":"E. Páll"},{"name":"F. Brudașcă"}],"abstract":"Simple Summary Florfenicol is a bacteriostatic antibiotic that is primarily used in veterinary medicine to treat a range of diseases in farm and aquatic animals. This synthetic analog of thiamphenicol and chloramphenicol works by inhibiting ribosomal activity, thereby disrupting bacterial protein synthesis, and has been proven in its effectiveness against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial groups. Additionally, florfenicol has been found to possess anti-inflammatory properties and reduce immune cell proliferation and cytokine production. However, the inappropriate use of florfenicol has led to concerns about resistance genes, and its low solubility in water has made it difficult to formulate aqueous solutions using organic solvents. This review aims to synthesize the various applications of florfenicol in veterinary medicine, explore the potential use of nanotechnology to improve its effectiveness and analyze the advantages and limitations of such approaches. This review draws on data from scientific articles and systematic reviews found in multiple databases. Abstract Florfenicol is a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic used exclusively in veterinary medicine in order to treat the pathology of farm and aquatic animals. It is a synthetic fluorinated analog of thiamphenicol and chloramphenicol that functions by inhibiting ribosomal activity, which disrupts bacterial protein synthesis and has shown over time a strong activity against Gram-positive and negative bacterial groups. Florfenicol was also reported to have anti-inflammatory activity through a marked reduction in immune cell proliferation and cytokine production. The need for improvement came from (1) the inappropriate use (to an important extent) of this antimicrobial, which led to serious concerns about florfenicol-related resistance genes, and (2) the fact that this antibiotic has a low water solubility making it difficult to formulate an aqueous solution in organic solvents, and applicable for different routes of administration. This review aims to synthesize the various applications of florfenicol in veterinary medicine, explore the potential use of nanotechnology to improve its effectiveness and analyze the advantages and limitations of such approaches. The review is based on data from scientific articles and systematic reviews identified in several databases.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.3390/ani13101695","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d5d11ecbbab0a7e998b802b29dd9f8c24189a27a","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/10/1695/pdf?version=1684727468","is_open_access":true,"citations":49,"published_at":"","score":68.47},{"id":"ss_784d88d1c929c19aff3a85f2c39b9371584d00bb","title":"Artificial intelligence in veterinary medicine.","authors":[{"name":"Ryan B. Appleby"},{"name":"P. Basran"}],"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science in which computer systems are designed to perform tasks that mimic human intelligence. Today, AI is reshaping day-to-day life and has numerous emerging medical applications poised to profoundly reshape the practice of veterinary medicine. In this Currents in One Health, we discuss the essential elements of AI for veterinary practitioners with the aim to help them make informed decisions in applying AI technologies into their practices. Veterinarians will play an integral role in ensuring the appropriate uses and good curation of data. The expertise of veterinary professionals will be vital to ensuring good data and, subsequently, AI that meets the needs of the profession. Readers interested in an in-depth description of AI and veterinary medicine are invited to explore a complementary manuscript of this Currents in One Health available in the May 2022 issue of the American Journal of Veterinary Research.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.2460/javma.22.03.0093","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/784d88d1c929c19aff3a85f2c39b9371584d00bb","is_open_access":true,"citations":69,"published_at":"","score":68.07},{"id":"ss_e87ef132b751ea65ec06888286bce11589c77eca","title":"Suicide in veterinary medicine: A literature review","authors":[{"name":"C. D. Silva"},{"name":"A. A. D. Gomes"},{"name":"Thaís Rabelo dos Santos-Doni"},{"name":"A. C. Antonelli"},{"name":"Rafael F. C. Vieira"},{"name":"A. R. S. Silva"}],"abstract":"Veterinarians are commonly exposed to occupational stressors, including excessive workload and financial constraints. These stressors can lead to psychological distress, which typically results in mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, and burnout and can even culminate in suicide attempts or suicide deaths. Risk factors associated with poor mental health and high rates of suicide in veterinary practitioners include continuous exposure to challenging scenarios, such as interpersonal conflicts, performing euthanasia, and easy access to lethal means of suicide, such as opioids and anesthetics. The previous studies highlight the urgent need for a better understanding of predisposing factors, mental health-related improvements in the professional environment, and the subsequent establishment of primary mental health-related care policies. Effective ways to promote mental health and prevent suicide may include social support, resilience, developing coping skills, promoting a healthy work environment, and discouraging perfectionist behaviors. This review aimed to summarize findings in studies that have investigated mental health and suicide in veterinarians and veterinary students and highlight measures that could be implemented as options for mental health promotion and suicide prevention.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.14202/vetworld.2023.1266-1276","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e87ef132b751ea65ec06888286bce11589c77eca","pdf_url":"https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.16/June-2023/12.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":34,"published_at":"","score":68.02000000000001},{"id":"doaj_10.1186/s12917-024-04142-4","title":"Diversity of Rickettsia species in collected ticks from Southeast Iran","authors":[{"name":"Ali Qorbani"},{"name":"Mohammad Khalili"},{"name":"Saeidreza Nourollahifard"},{"name":"Ehsan Mostafavi"},{"name":"Mehrdad Farrokhnia"},{"name":"Saber Esmaeili"}],"abstract":"Abstract Rickettsia occurs worldwide and rickettsiosis is recognized as an emerging infection in several parts of the world. Ticks are reservoir hosts for pathogenic Rickettsia species in humans and domestic animals. Most pathogenic Rickettsia species belong to the spotted Fever Group (SFG). This study aimed to identify and diagnose tick fauna and investigate the prevalence of Rickettsia spp. in ticks collected from domestic animals and dogs in the rural regions of Kerman Province, Southeast Iran. In this study, tick species (fauna) were identified and 2100 ticks (350 pooled samples) from two genera and species including Rhipicephalus linnaei (1128) and Hyalomma deteritum (972) were tested to detect Rickettsia genus using Real-time PCR. The presence of the Rickettsia genus was observed in 24.9% (95%CI 20.28–29.52) of the pooled samples. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses revealed the presence of Rickettsia aeschlimannii (48.98%), Rickettsia conorii israelensis (28.57%), Rickettsia sibirica (20.41%), and Rickettsia helvetica (2.04%) in the positive samples. The results showed a significant association between county variables and the following variables: tick spp. (p \u003c 0.001), Rickettsia genus infection in ticks (p \u003c 0.001) and Rickettsia spp. (p \u003c 0.001). In addition, there was a significant association between tick species and host animals (dogs and domestic animals) (p \u003c 0.001), Rickettsia spp infection in ticks (p \u003c 0.001), and Rickettsia spp. (p \u003c 0.001). This study indicates a high prevalence of Rickettsia spp. (SFG) in ticks of domestic animals and dogs in rural areas of Kerman Province. The health system should be informed of the possibility of rickettsiosis and the circulating species of Rickettsia in these areas.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Veterinary medicine"],"doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04142-4","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04142-4","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.3390/ani14192903","title":"Predicting Microbial Protein Synthesis in Cattle: Evaluation of Extant Equations and Steps Needed to Improve Accuracy and Precision of Future Equations","authors":[{"name":"Michael L. Galyean"},{"name":"Luis O. Tedeschi"}],"abstract":"Predictions of microbial crude protein (MCP) synthesis for beef cattle generally rely on empirical regression equations, with intakes of energy and protein as key variables. Using a database from published literature, we developed new equations based on the intake of organic matter (OM) and intakes or concentrations of crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). We compared these new equations to several extant equations based on intakes of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and CP. Regression fit statistics were evaluated using both resampling and sampling from a simulated multivariate normal population. Newly developed equations yielded similar fit statistics to extant equations, but the root mean square error of prediction averaged 155 g (28.7% of the mean MCP of 540.7 g/d) across all equations, indicating considerable variation in predictions. A simple approach of calculating MCP as 10% of the TDN intake yielded MCP estimates and fit statistics that were similar to more complicated equations. Adding a classification code to account for unique dietary characteristics did not have significant effects. Because MCP synthesis is measured indirectly, most often using surgically altered animals, literature estimates are relatively few and highly variable. A random sample of individual studies from our literature database indicated a standard deviation for MCP synthesis that averaged 19.1% of the observed mean, likely contributing to imprecision in the MCP predictions. Research to develop additional MCP estimates across various diets and production situations is needed, with a focus on developing consistent and reliable methodologies for MCP measurements. The use of new meta-omics tools might improve the accuracy and precision of MCP predictions, but further research will be needed to assess the utility of such tools.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Veterinary medicine","Zoology"],"doi":"10.3390/ani14192903","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/19/2903","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.7717/peerj.17171","title":"Hand grab or noose pole? Evaluating the least stressful practice for capture of endangered Turks and Caicos Rock Iguanas Cyclura carinata","authors":[{"name":"Giuliano Colosimo"},{"name":"Gwyneth Montemuro"},{"name":"Gregory A. Lewbart"},{"name":"Gabriele Gentile"},{"name":"Glenn Gerber"}],"abstract":"As the analysis of blood metabolites has become more readily accessible thanks to the use of point-of-care analyzers, it is now possible to evaluate stress level of wild animals directly in the field. Lactate is receiving much attention as a good stress level proxy in individuals subjected to capture, manual restraint, and data sampling in the wild, and appropriate protocols to maintain lactate values low should be preferred. In this study we compare how two different capture methodologies, hand grab vs. noose pole, affect the variation of blood lactate values in Cyclura carinata iguanas when captured for sampling. We used blood lactate concentration, measured immediately upon- and 15 min after-capture, as a proxy for stress level. While the primary goal of this work is to determine the least stressful capture methodology to be favored when sampling this and other wild iguanas, we also evaluated additional baseline physiological parameters relevant to the health and disease monitoring for this species. Our results show that while initial lactate values level-out in sampled individuals after 15 min in captivity, regardless of the capture methodology, rock iguanas captured by noose pole showed significantly higher lactate concentration and increased heartbeat rate immediately after capture. While the overall health evaluation determined that all analyzed individuals were in good health, based on our results we recommend that, when possible, hand capture should be preferred over noose pole when sampling wild individuals.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Medicine","Biology (General)"],"doi":"10.7717/peerj.17171","url":"https://peerj.com/articles/17171/","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"ss_c39520c1b2dee8f9d918bfec133ac38a56fb81c2","title":"Current status of nano‐vaccinology in veterinary medicine science","authors":[{"name":"Soheil Sadr"},{"name":"Parian Poorjafari Jafroodi"},{"name":"Mohammad Javad Haratizadeh"},{"name":"Z. Ghasemi"},{"name":"H. Borji"},{"name":"Ashkan Hajjafari"}],"abstract":"Abstract Vaccination programmes provide a safe, effective and cost‐efficient strategy for maintaining population health. In veterinary medicine, vaccination not only reduces disease within animal populations but also serves to enhance public health by targeting zoonoses. Nevertheless, for many pathogens, an effective vaccine remains elusive. Recently, nanovaccines have proved to be successful for various infectious and non‐infectious diseases of animals. These novel technologies, such as virus‐like particles, self‐assembling proteins, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes and virosomes, offer great potential for solving many of the vaccine production challenges. Their benefits include low immunotoxicity, antigen stability, enhanced immunogenicity, flexibility sustained release and the ability to evoke both humoral and cellular immune responses. Nanovaccines are more efficient than traditional vaccines due to ease of control and plasticity in their physio‐chemical properties. They use a highly targeted immunological approach which can provide strong and long‐lasting immunity. This article reviews the currently available nanovaccine technology and considers its utility for both infectious diseases and non‐infectious diseases such as auto‐immunity and cancer. Future research opportunities and application challenges from bench to clinical usage are also discussed.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1002/vms3.1221","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c39520c1b2dee8f9d918bfec133ac38a56fb81c2","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/vms3.1221","is_open_access":true,"citations":29,"published_at":"","score":67.87},{"id":"ss_71ca495ec24bb5277cceb4514f66f57d1557e8aa","title":"Ethics of using artificial intelligence (AI) in veterinary medicine","authors":[{"name":"S. Coghlan"},{"name":"T. Quinn"}],"abstract":"This paper provides the first comprehensive analysis of ethical issues raised by artificial intelligence (AI) in veterinary medicine for companion animals. Veterinary medicine is a socially valued service, which, like human medicine, will likely be significantly affected by AI. Veterinary AI raises some unique ethical issues because of the nature of the client–patient–practitioner relationship, society’s relatively minimal valuation and protection of nonhuman animals and differences in opinion about responsibilities to animal patients and human clients. The paper examines how these distinctive features influence the ethics of AI systems that might benefit clients, veterinarians and animal patients—but also harm them. It offers practical ethical guidance that should interest ethicists, veterinarians, clinic owners, veterinary bodies and regulators, clients, technology developers and AI researchers.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["Computer Science"],"doi":"10.1007/s00146-023-01686-1","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/71ca495ec24bb5277cceb4514f66f57d1557e8aa","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-023-01686-1.pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":26,"published_at":"","score":67.78},{"id":"ss_a6858342324f969cb1fc5858914d153d2b431b0f","title":"Novel Vaccine Technologies in Veterinary Medicine: A Herald to Human Medicine Vaccines","authors":[{"name":"Virginia Aida"},{"name":"Vasilis C. Pliasas"},{"name":"Peter J. Neasham"},{"name":"J. F. North"},{"name":"Kirklin L. McWhorter"},{"name":"Sheniqua R. Glover"},{"name":"C. Kyriakis"}],"abstract":"The success of inactivated and live-attenuated vaccines has enhanced livestock productivity, promoted food security, and attenuated the morbidity and mortality of several human, animal, and zoonotic diseases. However, these traditional vaccine technologies are not without fault. The efficacy of inactivated vaccines can be suboptimal with particular pathogens and safety concerns arise with live-attenuated vaccines. Additionally, the rate of emerging infectious diseases continues to increase and with that the need to quickly deploy new vaccines. Unfortunately, first generation vaccines are not conducive to such urgencies. Within the last three decades, veterinary medicine has spearheaded the advancement in novel vaccine development to circumvent several of the flaws associated with classical vaccines. These third generation vaccines, including DNA, RNA and recombinant viral-vector vaccines, induce both humoral and cellular immune response, are economically manufactured, safe to use, and can be utilized to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals. The present article offers a review of commercially available novel vaccine technologies currently utilized in companion animal, food animal, and wildlife disease control.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.3389/fvets.2021.654289","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a6858342324f969cb1fc5858914d153d2b431b0f","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.654289/pdf","is_open_access":true,"citations":91,"published_at":"","score":67.72999999999999},{"id":"ss_7b96440facd18f5aba1f58b383efc5ead6c54a18","title":"Meeting Contemporary Challenges: Development of Nanomaterials for Veterinary Medicine","authors":[{"name":"O. Danchuk"},{"name":"Anna Levchenko"},{"name":"Rochelly da Silva Mesquita"},{"name":"V. Danchuk"},{"name":"S. Cengiz"},{"name":"Mehmet Cengiz"},{"name":"Andriy Grafov"}],"abstract":"In recent decades, nanotechnology has been rapidly advancing in various fields of human activity, including veterinary medicine. The review presents up-to-date information on recent advancements in nanotechnology in the field and an overview of the types of nanoparticles used in veterinary medicine and animal husbandry, their characteristics, and their areas of application. Currently, a wide range of nanomaterials has been implemented into veterinary practice, including pharmaceuticals, diagnostic devices, feed additives, and vaccines. The application of nanoformulations gave rise to innovative strategies in the treatment of animal diseases. For example, antibiotics delivered on nanoplatforms demonstrated higher efficacy and lower toxicity and dosage requirements when compared to conventional pharmaceuticals, providing a possibility to solve antibiotic resistance issues. Nanoparticle-based drugs showed promising results in the treatment of animal parasitoses and neoplastic diseases. However, the latter area is currently more developed in human medicine. Owing to the size compatibility, nanomaterials have been applied as gene delivery vectors in veterinary gene therapy. Veterinary medicine is at the forefront of the development of innovative nanovaccines inducing both humoral and cellular immune responses. The paper provides a brief overview of current topics in nanomaterial safety, potential risks associated with the use of nanomaterials, and relevant regulatory aspects.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics15092326","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7b96440facd18f5aba1f58b383efc5ead6c54a18","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/9/2326/pdf?version=1694773497","is_open_access":true,"citations":19,"published_at":"","score":67.57},{"id":"ss_636a183403f560c0c3a281494f9e3f4edafe36e1","title":"Beyond probiotics: Exploring the potential of postbiotics and parabiotics in veterinary medicine.","authors":[{"name":"Seyede Hanieh Hosseini"},{"name":"Azra Farhangfar"},{"name":"Mehran Moradi"},{"name":"Bahram Dalir-Naghadeh"}],"abstract":"Postbiotics and parabiotics (PP) are emerging fields of study in animal nutrition, preventive veterinary medicine, and animal production. Postbiotics are bioactive compounds produced by beneficial microorganisms during the fermentation of a substrate, while parabiotics are inactivated beneficial microbial cells, either intact or broken. Unlike probiotics, which are live microorganisms, PP are produced from a fermentation process without live cells and show significant advantages in promoting animal health owing to their distinctive stability, safety, and functional diversity. PP have numerous beneficial effects on animal health, such as enhancing growth performance, improving the immune system and microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract, aiding ulcer healing, and preventing pathogenic microorganisms from colonizing in the skin. Moreover, PP have been identified as a potential alternative to traditional antibiotics in veterinary medicine due to their ability to improve animal health without the risk of antimicrobial resistance. This review comprehensively explores the current research and applications of PP in veterinary medicine. We aimed to thoroughly examine the mechanisms of action, benefits, and potential applications of PP in various species, emphasizing their use specifically in livestock and poultry. Additionally, we discuss the various routes of administration to animals, including feed, drinking water, and topical use. This review also presents in-depth information on the methodology behind the preparation of PP, outlining the criteria employed to select appropriate microorganisms, and highlighting the challenges commonly associated with PP utilization in veterinary medicine.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105133","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/636a183403f560c0c3a281494f9e3f4edafe36e1","is_open_access":true,"citations":19,"published_at":"","score":67.57}],"total":6984013,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["DOAJ","Semantic Scholar","CrossRef"],"query":"Veterinary medicine"}