{"results":[{"id":"doaj_10.62425/ctdal.1666492","title":"Kırgızcadaki Alfabe – Yazım Kaynaklı Bazı Dil Sorunları","authors":[{"name":"Mayrambek Orozobayev"}],"abstract":"Bu çalışmada Kırgızcanın yazı dilindeki alfabe ve yazım kurallarından kaynaklanan bazı sorunlar ayrıntılı olarak ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada incelenen konu Kırgızcada Kullanılan Kiril Alfabesi ve Genel Özellikleri, Kırgız Yazı Dilinin Yazımı ve Tarihçesi, Kırgızcadaki Alfabe ve Yazım Kurallarıyla İlgili Bazı Önemli Sorunlar şeklinde üç alt başlık altında değerlendirilmiştir. Kırgızcanın yazımıyla ilgili bir konunun bu şekilde ele alınmasının başlıca sebebi, Kırgızistan’da uzun süredir gündemde olan alfabe-yazım tartışmalarının kesin bir sonuca ulaşmamış olmasıdır. Çalışmanın amacı Kırgızcanın yazı dilindeki bazı sorunların kaynağını mümkün olduğunca daha ayrıntılı bir şekilde tespit etmek ve etraflıca değerlendirerek bu sorunların çözümüne küçük de olsa katkıda bulunmaktır. Ayrıca bu sorunlara diğer akademik çevrelerinin de dikkatini çekmek çalışmanın hedefleri arasındadır. Böyle bir çalışmanın yalnız Kırgızcadaki değil tüm çağdaş Türk yazı dillerindeki bazı benzer sorunların giderilmesi ve istenilen bir sonuca varılması açısından yararlı olacağı kanaatindeyim.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Ural-Altaic languages"],"doi":"10.62425/ctdal.1666492","url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/4729638","pdf_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/4729638","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.54013/kk812a6","title":"Ilmalikud laulud infoallikate ja haridusvahenditena talurahvavalgustuse ajal","authors":[{"name":"Māra Grudule"}],"abstract":"The written and oral culture of the Baltic indigenous peoples underwent gradual changes in the late 18th and 19th centuries. According to Wolfgang Welsch, vision is linked with knowledge and science, while hearing relates to faith and religion (Welsch 1996: 248) – this distinction shaped the interaction between oral and written culture. Among Baltic peasants, oral culture remained dominant until the mid-19th century, with the German clergy continuing to control the information space despite ongoing social change. During the Enlightenment, secular Latvian literature began to emerge. Gotthard Friedrich Stender (1714–1796), a German pastor from Kurzeme, laid the foundation for Latvian secular prose, poetry, and popular science literature. However, his songs, the so-called ziņģes, proved more influential than his prose. The songs combine entertainment with moral instruction on drinking, social harmony, and education. Around the turn of the 19th century, major transformations occurred: the territory of present-day Latvia was incorporated into the Russian Empire, Napoleon’s campaigns threatened the region, serfdom was abolished, and a Latvian school network was created. The public demanded information, which was shared through church sermons and, from the 1820s onward, through Latvian newspapers. Supported by Baltic German pastors, the first generation of Latvian intellectuals emerged. By the 1830s, they actively sought to merge oral and written traditions, adapting elements of the Baltic Germans’ peasant Enlightenment project for the purposes of the Latvian national awakening. This paper examines how three key events of the early 19th century – Napoleon’s campaigns and Latvian recruitment into the Russian army, the abolition of serfdom, and the rise of Latvian schools – were reflected in Latvian songs. It analyzes songs published in Latvian newspapers, in books, and on flyers, and it explores the differing perspectives of Baltic Germans and Latvians.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Other Finnic languages and dialects"],"doi":"10.54013/kk812a6","url":"https://keeljakirjandus.ee/ee/archives/38802","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"ss_be17b946e75f5997df248ae86874910c429b194f","title":"Comparative Aspect of the Dagur-Samoyed Languages of Eastern Transbaikalia","authors":[{"name":"R. Zhamsaranova"}],"abstract":"This article is devoted to the description of the results of onomasiological analysis of the toponomastic vocabulary of Eastern Transbaikalia. The novelty of the article is due to the lack of comparative studies of the toponomastic vocabulary of Dagur (as one of the Mongolian languages) and Samoyedic languages. The relevance of the article is predetermined by the introduction of the results of the description of Daguro-speaking vocabulary in a comparative aspect into the scientifi c space, which makes relevant scientifi c research as regional one. The purpose of the article is to describe the results of a comparative analysis of the toponomastic vocabulary of the Eastern Trans-Baikal region, which has the scientifi c perspective of defi ning the studied territory as a region that is functionally signifi cant for the scientifi c investigation of a thesis of the diachronic Ural-Altaic linguistic union. The specifi c objectives of the study include describing the Daurian toponyms as a Mongolian toponymic substrate, describing the comparative analysis of appellative vocabulary as the basis of onomasiological strategy of analysis, and describing the elements of a comparative-historical nature when comparing the toponomastic vocabulary of Eastern Trans-Baikal region. Toponyms, especially substrate toponyms, thus, adapting to the phonology of a foreign-language superstrate, are forced to change lexically somewhat in order to fulfi ll their fundamental tasks – deictic (indicative) and functional. Under the condition of distinguishing three types of principles of nomination in toponymy: by the qualities of an object, by the connection of an object with a person, by the connection of an object with other objects, the article proposes a description of substrate toponymy according to the fi rst type – the type of the nominative principle by the qualities and physical and geographical characteristics of an object. The article uses an onomasiological approach, and the main research methods are the onomastic method (method of geographical terminology), the descriptive method, the comparative method, and the comparative-historical method. A partial result of the conducted research is the hypothesis on the nature of the Dagur language as a mediator language that developed during the period of Ural-Altaic diachronic language contacts. The article’s subject matter is original and unique in terms of describing the problems of transference and convergent phenomena, which are verifi ed based on onomastic material. The results represent a contribution to the practice of teaching comparative linguistics, arealogy (areal linguistics). The obtained preliminary conclusions can also be used by specialists both in the fi eld of onomastics and comparative linguistics in general.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.21209/1996-7853-2025-20-4-21-30","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/be17b946e75f5997df248ae86874910c429b194f","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"ss_48acb35fa59d5c9f68912a584fce09991a26fa38","title":"The Unity and Diversity of Altaic","authors":[{"name":"J. Janhunen"}],"abstract":"In popular conception, Altaic is often assumed to constitute a language family, or perhaps a phylum, but in reality, it involves a historical, areal, and typological complex of five separate language families of different origins—Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic, Koreanic, and Japonic—to which Uralic also adheres in the transcontinental context of Ural-Altaic. The similarities between the individual Altaic language families are due to prolonged contacts that have resulted in both lexical borrowing and structural interaction in a number of binary patterns. The historical homelands of the Altaic language families were located in continental Northeast Asia, but secondary expansions have subsequently brought these languages to most parts of northern and central Eurasia, including Anatolia and eastern Europe. The present review summarizes the basic facts concerning the Altaic language families, their common features, their patterns of interaction with each other and with other languages, and their historical and prehistorical context.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.1146/annurev-linguistics-030521-042356","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/48acb35fa59d5c9f68912a584fce09991a26fa38","pdf_url":"https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-030521-042356","is_open_access":true,"citations":6,"published_at":"","score":67.18},{"id":"doaj_10.30563/turklad.1227996","title":"Common puntioning problems in teaching Turkish to speakers of other Turkic languages and solutions","authors":[{"name":"Gökcan ÇELİK"},{"name":"Özkan ÇELİK"}],"abstract":"Punctuation marks have important duties in preserving the structure and semantic\r\nfeatures of the language and ensuring its functioning. In other words, punctuation marks make\r\nthe text easier to write and understand more clearly. In this context, it is an issue that should be\r\ngiven importance in both mother tongue teaching and foreign language teaching.\r\nThe aim of this study is to investigate the punctuation errors frequently made by Turkic\r\norigin students learning Turkish in the preparatory classes of Kyrgyzstan-Turkey Manas\r\nUniversity in their written expression skills, to examine the causes of these errors and to offer\r\nsolutions for eliminating these errors. 96 students of Turkic origin, whose mother tongue is\r\nKyrgyz and Russian at B1 level, participated in the research. The data source of the research\r\nconsists of the texts that these students produced in the activity of writing the continuation of a\r\ntale, which was predetermined and given an introductory paragraph. In the research, the\r\ndocument analysis method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used and the mistakes\r\nthat the students made about punctuation marks in these texts were determined. Later, these\r\nerrors were classified under sub-headings and their reasons were interpreted. As a result of the\r\nresearch, it was seen that the errors detected were mostly caused by the influence of the\r\nstudents' mother tongues, Kyrgyz and Russian, and the lack of knowledge about the use of\r\npunctuation marks. The evaluations and suggestions made based on the findings and results of\r\nthe research are important in terms of showing the points that should be considered especially in\r\nthe use of punctuation marks in teaching Turkish to the Turkic origin students and revealing the\r\nresponsibilities of the instructors in this regard.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Language and Literature","Ural-Altaic languages"],"doi":"10.30563/turklad.1227996","url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2866579","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"ss_972e3681f4dfd5c1daaff28af7aeccafc84bb5d7","title":"\"Imaginary\" Finno-Ugric peoples of the USSR in the projects of the American Center for Uralic–Altaic Studies (1940–1950s)","authors":[{"name":"V. Sharapov"},{"name":"A. Zagrebin"},{"name":"T. Lucina"}],"abstract":"The paper deals with the history of the creation and functioning of the Center for Uralic–Altaic Studies at Indiana University, which in the 1940s and 1950s became the leading institution in the United States engaged in applied and fundamental research in the field of political history, languages and traditional culture of the Finno-Ugric peoples of the USSR. In the context of the growing confrontation between the North Atlantic bloc and the socialist-oriented countries led by the Soviet Union, ethnological knowledge, including that produced by the Center for Uralic–Altaic Studies, is gaining a special role in the ideological struggle. The emigrant scientists who arrived in the USA under different circumstances, which often predetermined the essential content and purpose of texts, occupy the leading positions in the profile university division.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.19110/1994-5655-2023-5-166-170","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/972e3681f4dfd5c1daaff28af7aeccafc84bb5d7","pdf_url":"https://komisc.editorum.ru/en/storage/download/129734","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.30563/turklad.904443","title":"Social differentiation of language by profession","authors":[{"name":"ANAR FARACOV"}],"abstract":"One of the main directions of social differentiation of language is the language\r\npeculiarities of people related to the different professions. Any profession has its specific\r\nvocabulary. It should be noted that the development of the professional vocabulary in all\r\nlanguages of the world does not manifest itself in the same form. Professional vocabulary in the\r\ndeveloped societies is richer.\r\nThe main purpose of the research is to identify the basic features of the language\r\ndifferentiation by profession. Professional vocabulary is the basis of the language differentiation\r\nby profession. There are quite a lot of contentious issues here. The main moot point is\r\nconnected with their comparison and identification. The points that are worthy of attention can\r\nbe shown in the following directions: professional vocabulary and jargons, professional\r\nvocabulary and dialect words, professional vocabulary and terms.\r\nThe social professional differentiation of language differs from the other language\r\ndifferentiations in many features. The intensive development of professional languages,\r\nformation of the new vocabulary due to the emergence of new professions can be considered the\r\nmain distinctive features. As for the language levels, there are also differences at the syntactic\r\nlevel, from the standpoint of formation of components of text, except the lexical level.","source":"DOAJ","year":2021,"language":"","subjects":["Language and Literature","Ural-Altaic languages"],"doi":"10.30563/turklad.904443","url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1666753","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"doaj_10.5128/ERYa17.04","title":"Eesti keele kui teise keele õpetaja tööriistad Eesti Keele Instituudi keeleportaalis Sõnaveeb","authors":[{"name":"Jelena Kallas"},{"name":"Kristina Koppel"},{"name":"Raili Pool"},{"name":"Katrin Tsepelina"},{"name":"Tiiu Üksik"},{"name":"Pilvi Alp"},{"name":"Anu Epner"}],"abstract":"Artiklis tutvustatakse Eesti Keele Instituudis (EKI) arendatavaid eesti keele kui teise keele õpet toetavaid ressursse, mis on koondatud keeleportaali Sõnaveeb veebirakendusse Õpetaja Tööriistad. Selle moodulid – sõnavara, grammatika, kasutusolukorrad ja teksti hindamine – moodustavad terviku, pakkudes keeleõpetajatele ja keeleõppega seotud spetsialistidele abi kursuste kavandamisel ning õppematerjalide, harjutusvara ja testide koostamisel.\r\n\r\nMetodoloogilise raamistiku loomisel ja keeleoskustasemete määramisel on lähtekohaks Euroopa keeleõppe raamdokument (CEFR 2001, eestikeelne versioon Raamdokument 2007), selle sõsarväljaanded (CEFR/CV 2018, CEFR/CV 2020), Euroopa Nõukogu noorte õppijate tasemekirjeldused vanustele 7–10 (Szabo 2018a) ja 11–15 (Szabo 2018b) ning Eesti-sisesed keeleoskustasemeid puudutavad õigusaktid. Keeleliste andmete allikad on peamiselt aastatel 2018–2020 EKI-s loodud eesti keele kui teise keele õpikute ja õppijakeele korpused.\r\n\r\nArtiklis kirjeldatakse tööriistamoodulite loomise ja esituse põhimõtteid, tuuakse välja esile kerkinud probleemid ning võimalikud edasiarendused.\r\n\r\n***\r\n\r\nEstonian as a Second Language Teacher’s Tools in the Institute of Estonian Language’s Language Portal Sõnaveeb\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe paper presents the interim results of the project Teacher’s Tools (Õpetaja tööriistad) published as a subpage of the language portal Sõnaveeb. The toolbox includes four modules: vocabulary, grammar, language use situations and text evaluation. The tools are aimed to help second language teachers and specialists plan courses, create new educational materials, exercises and tests.\r\n\r\nThe methodological framework and CEFR level evaluation for Teacher’s Tools is based on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment (2001), its Companion Volume with New Descriptors (2018), Collated Representative Samples of Descriptors of Language Competences Developed for Young Learners for Ages 7–10 (Szabo 2018a) and 11–15 (Szabo 2018b) and Estonian legislation on the topic. The methodology is adapted from similar projects for other languages (e. g. Capel 2010, 2012, O’Keeffe, Geraldine 2017, Alfter et al 2019).\r\n\r\nIn order to gather linguistic data the Institute of Estonian Language compiled Estonian language coursebook and learner’s language corpuses in 2018–2020. First, the textbooks were studied for creating wordlists and analysis of explicit grammar teaching. Second, the results were validated by experts and compared to the wordlists created on the basis of learners’ texts. \r\n\r\nThe vocabulary and grammar modules represent CEFR-based lexical and grammar profiles for learners of Estonian as a Second Language. The lexical profile covers both young (preA1–B2) and adult (A1–C1) learners, the grammar profile the young learners (pre A1–B2). The text evaluation module runs on morphological analyser estNLTK v 1.6 and marks lemmas in texts according to their CEFR-assignment in vocabulary profile. The language use situation module is mainly based on the descriptors for young learners (Szabo 2018a, 2018b) and is to offer information about the typical situations where the learner should be able to communicate.","source":"DOAJ","year":2021,"language":"","subjects":["Philology. Linguistics","Finnic. Baltic-Finnic"],"doi":"10.5128/ERYa17.04","url":"http://arhiiv.rakenduslingvistika.ee/ajakirjad/index.php/aastaraamat/article/view/ERYa17.04","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"ss_53df4a4c1388117c9e87959e6eaf881ba51d32e4","title":"The hydronyms of the Labau, Lämäδ and similar isoglosses in the Ural-Altaic and other languages","authors":[{"name":"S. Nafikov"}],"abstract":"The article is a study of the origin of Bashkir hydronyms with anlaut L-, (Labau, Lämäz, and a number of others). Against the background of extensive comparisons of similar hydronyms and appellatives from the Turkic, Altaic, and other Eurasian languages. The author considers several versions of the said hydronyms viz possible origin from the Turkic, Altaic, Uralic or Euroasiatic languages at large. The stem and/or root of Bashkir hydronyms of the Lämäz type may be cognate with such hydronims as Laba in Poland \u003e the Elbe in East Germany, -lej ‘a small river’ in the Volga Finnie languages and with a fair number of similar names of water objects in Europe, Asia and beyond. So, convergence with many of the same-root names of water bodies from several dozen languages and/or dialects is proposed. A large amount of material from the dialects and subdialects of the Bashkir language is involved. A conclusion is proposed about the very great antiquity of the hydronyms containing the anlaut L- in the bases of the LVC phonomorphological type. The answer to the question posed in the article’s title can hardly be definitive, as much further research is needed to clarify many points.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.32523/2664-5157-2021-3-55-64","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/53df4a4c1388117c9e87959e6eaf881ba51d32e4","pdf_url":"http://tsj.enu.kz/article/archive/download?id=the-hydronyms-of-the-labau-lamad-and-similar-isoglosses-in-the-ural-altaic-and-other-languages","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"doaj_Museum+and+Historical+Culture%3A+How+is+Jewish+History+Included+in+the+Museum+Narrative+of+Lithuania%3F","title":"Museum and Historical Culture: How is Jewish History Included in the Museum Narrative of Lithuania?","authors":[{"name":"Rūta Šermukšnytė"}],"abstract":"The aim of this article is to reveal the dynamics of the museum narrative of Jewish history in the contexts of Lithuanian historical culture in the period 1990–2020. Seeing the tensions between ethnocentric and polycentric, civic, civilizational models of identity in historical culture, the topic of Jewish history representation was chosen because of its complicated integration into the scheme of ethnocentric national narrative. The study shows that the museum representations of Jewish history are increasing in number and becoming more various in themes and forms. That was predetermined by the changes in the political conjuncture and public memory and by individual initiatives.","source":"DOAJ","year":2020,"language":"","subjects":["Finnic. Baltic-Finnic","Social Sciences"],"url":"https://f-origin.hypotheses.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/5711/files/2020/12/11.-Sermuksnyte.pdf","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":64},{"id":"ss_09f0f46d3db44a183921f343d986e52aa10a1e30","title":"Predicative possession in the Novgorod Birch Bark documents in the Ural-Altaic context","authors":[{"name":"C. Yurayong"}],"abstract":"This paper discusses predicative possessive constructions in the East Slavic languages, with a particular focus on the Old Novgorod Slavic dialect, in connection to the neighbouring Ural-Altaic languages. An areal-typological investigation shows that the East Slavic languages prefer the use of a locational possessive (mihi est), while the rest of Slavic and Europe’s Indo-European languages primarily use a have-possessive (habeo). Serving as primary data for this study, the dialect written in the Novgorod Birch Bark documents confirms a preference of the locational possessive over the have -possessive. The current study also evaluates three hypotheses on the origin of the East Slavic locational possessive, proposed in earlier studies: 1) a Uralic substrate, 2) a Slavic archaism and 3) a Northern Eurasian areal pattern. Given the typological survey as well as the empirical and historical comparative investigation, the locational possessive can be considered a preferred areal pattern across Northern Eurasia. Being a part of the macro contact zone of Northern Eurasia, the choice of locational possessive in the East Slavic languages is reinforced by the areal diffusion, especially from the close neighbouring languages, Uralic and Turkic.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2019,"language":"en","subjects":["History"],"doi":"10.33340/SUSA.74592","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/09f0f46d3db44a183921f343d986e52aa10a1e30","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.33340/susa.74592","is_open_access":true,"citations":1,"published_at":"","score":63.03},{"id":"doaj_10.30563/turklad.535121","title":"CHINGIZ AITMATOV AND UZBEK LITERATURE","authors":[{"name":"Shavkat HASANOV"}],"abstract":"The creation of the great Kyrgyz writer Chingiz Aitmatov, in particular his artistic talent\r\nand innovation, had a great positive influence on the literature of the fraternal peoples in Central\r\nAsia. In particular, representatives of three generations of modern Uzbek Uzbek literature from\r\nAdyl Yakubov (1960s), to Erkin Agzamov and Tagay Murad (2000s) learned in his literary\r\nmastery, successfully using literary techniques and methods of synthesis and analysis in their\r\nworks, created successful works for their literatures. The article deals with these literary\r\nproblems.","source":"DOAJ","year":2019,"language":"","subjects":["Language and Literature","Ural-Altaic languages"],"doi":"10.30563/turklad.535121","url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/737836","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":63},{"id":"doaj_10.30563/turklad.549505","title":"WORD FORMATION PROBLEMS IN THE RESEARCHES ON LINGUISTICS OF PROFESSOR BEKIR CHOBANZADEH","authors":[{"name":"Pervin EYVAZOV"}],"abstract":"One of the problems taking the important place in creativity of Bekir Chobanzadeh\r\nconducting extensive researches concerning history and the modern provision of Turkic\r\nlanguages, including Azerbaijan language is the lexico-semantic system of Turkic languages. B.\r\nChobanzadeh belonged to scientific problems problematically, conducted the researches\r\nconnected with the lexico-semantic system of Turkic languages systematically. In this direction\r\nB. Chobanzadeh paid attention to history of development of lexicon of Azerbaijan language,\r\ninvestigating it in the comparative relation.\r\nOne of problems in studying of lexicon of Turkic languages, including Azerbaijan\r\nlanguage to which B. Chobanzadeh gave importance is word formation process. In this regard\r\nthe author gave the extensive place of a role lexical the terminations in enrichment of\r\nAzerbaijan laanguage. B. Chobanzadeh showed 3 directions in word formation of Azerbaijan\r\nlanguage.: a) by means of the lexical terminations, c) by means of merge of two words, c) by\r\nmeans of word formation from the foreign words taken as an example.\r\nThe outstanding turcologist to the description of word formation in the morphological\r\nway, first of all explained concepts a root and the terminations, explained their distinctive\r\nfeatures and functions in language. As required, entering deep layers of language, gave the\r\nhistorical comparative analysis of some morphemes. This analysis was carried out on a basis not\r\nonly Azerbaijan language, but also other Turkic languages. It should be noted that the scientist\r\ntelling about archaic the terminations, does not give morphological explanation of morphemic\r\nmaintenance of words, and calls them and represents concerning them examples. The archaic\r\nterminations -saq, -sək, -çın, -çin, -ca2\r\n, -ça2\r\n, -ğaul, -qaul, -taq, -tuq presented in article, are\r\ndescribed and investigated in comparison with views of modern turcologists.","source":"DOAJ","year":2019,"language":"","subjects":["Language and Literature","Ural-Altaic languages"],"doi":"10.30563/turklad.549505","url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/737831","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":63},{"id":"doaj_Dissent+and+Conformism%3A+Individual+Posture+and+Search+for+Universal+Criteria+%E2%80%93+Possibilities+of+Choice","title":"Dissent and Conformism: Individual Posture and Search for Universal Criteria – Possibilities of Choice","authors":[{"name":"Gintaras Druckus"}],"abstract":"The aim of the report is to introduce the author‘s point of view concerning the dilemma between dissent and conformism based on Lithuanian investigations and archival documents. The prevailing chronological frames are defined by the fifth decade of the twentieth century up to second decade of the twenty-first century. The report seeks to answer the following questions: 1) is it possible to define universal criteria for dissent and conformism investigation? Is it possible to draw a clear line between such converging meanings as resistance and dissent, dissent and conformism, conformism and obedience, conformism and surrender, conformism and betrayal, conformism and self-sacrifice? Do such dividing lines exist at all? 2) what kind of category dissent and conformism are – legal or moral? In case their nature is legal – then first of all we should talk about (dis)obedience to certain legislative norms and qualify certain activities or stand in the light of law. In case their nature is moral – then we have the case of individual or collective choice in between human values. Though in Lithuania like in a number of other occupied countries dissent and conformism are directly related both: to individual freedom as well to nation and state independence aspirations, the nature of these phenomena lies in the person and his or her personal relationship with the values.  Such a choice should be treated like an inevitable existential exam to every human generation, to each of us.","source":"DOAJ","year":2019,"language":"","subjects":["Finnic. Baltic-Finnic","Social Sciences"],"url":"https://f-origin.hypotheses.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/5711/files/2020/08/09.-Druckus.pdf","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":63},{"id":"doaj_10.12697/jeful.2018.9.2.05","title":"Chasing Livonian heritage on the Livonian Coast","authors":[{"name":"Baiba Šuvcāne"},{"name":"Valts Ernštreits"}],"abstract":"In 2018, the Livonian cultural space was added to the Latvian National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage, a step towards inclusion in the corresponding UNESCO list. This article seeks to document the present state of Livonian intangible cultural heritage, especially Livonian language, on the Livonian Coast. Currently, this territory is not visually demarcated and is divided among three local governments. This split also can be seen in the display of information. Signs and displays use Livonian, but their quality should be improved. Though the Latvian State Language Law states that Livonian and Latvian names can be used together on the Livonian Coast, no official bilingual signs exist. Tourism business operators rarely use Livonian heritage in their offerings. Community organisations have been more active in this regard. At their events, one can become acquainted with the cultural heritage of this region and hear Livonian.\n\nKokkuvõte. Baiba Šuvcāne, Valts Ernštreits: Liivi pärandi otsinguil Liivi rannal. 2018. aastal kanti liivi kultuuriruum Läti rahvusliku vaimse kultuuripärandi nimekirja, et järgnevalt viia see vastavasse UNESCO nimekirja. Artikli eesmärk on dokumenteerida liivi vaimse kultuuripärandi olukorda tänapäeval, seda eriti liivi keele ajaloolisel kasutusalal Kuramaa Liivi rannas. Praegu on Liivi rand visuaalselt märgistamata ala, mis on jagatud kolme omavalitsuse vahel. Halduslik killustatus kajastub ka teabe paigutamisel. Viitadel ja stendidel on kasutatud liivi keelt, kuid liivikeelse teabe kvaliteet vajab parandamist. Ehkki Läti keeleseaduses on sätestatud, et Liivi rannas on lubatud kohtade ja organisatsioonide nimetustes kasutada läti keele kõrval ka liivi keelt, ei ole tänaseni paigaldatud ühtegi ametlikku kakskeelset silti. Ka turismiettevõtjad on loiud liivi pärandi, sealhulgas liivi keele kaasamisega oma reklaaminfosse. Aktiivsemad on ühiskondlikud organisatsioonid, kelle korraldatud üritustel on Liivi rannas võimalik tundma õppida mitmekesist kohalikku kultuuripärandit ja kuulda liivi keelt, mis ühendab liivi kultuuriruumi erinevaid tahke.\n\nMärksõnad: vaimne pärand, keele dokumenteerimine, keelekeskkond, keeleline maastik, liivi keel\n\nKubbõvõttõks. Baiba Šuvcāne, Valts Ernštreits. Līvõd rāndas līvõd pierāndõkst vȯtšõs. 2018. āigast lopāndõksõl Līvõd īlma sai kēratõd Lețmō Rov vaimliz pierāndõks nimkerrõ ja īrgiz eņtš riek UNESCO nimkēra vōŗțõ. Kēra nīžõb iļ sīe, kui tǟdõl pandõb līvõd vaimli pierāndõks, īžkiz kēļ, um tämpõ Līvõd rāndas. Tämpõ Līvõd rānda äb ūo riekmīen nǟdõb ja um jagdõd kuolm mōgõr vail. Se um nǟdõb ka tieut äbīdlimizõs lagtimizõs Līvõd rāndas. Šiltõd ja stendõd pǟl um kȭlbatõd ka līvõ kīeldõ, bet tieut kvalitētõ vȯlks tīemõst jo paŗīmõks. Sīel īž āigal, laz kil Lețmō Vald kīel pandõks kītõb, ku Līvõd rāndas kūožnimīs ja mūši nimīs lețkīel kūoral võib kȭlbatõ ka līvõ kīeldõ, tämpiz sōņõ äb ūo tīedõd mitīdtõ kōdkēļiz šiltõ. Ka turism jeddõvõtājizt äb võrkõt tarmõ võimizt tundtõbõks sōdõ līvõd pierāndõksõks, ka līvõ kīelkõks. Täs jo kierdõd āt seļtšõd – nänt suggimižis Līvõd rāndas võib nǟdõ setmiņpūoļizt kultūr pierāndõkst ja kūlõ līvõ kīeldõ, mis um Līvõd īlma arīdi īdõkubbõ palštiji element.","source":"DOAJ","year":2018,"language":"","subjects":["Philology. Linguistics","Finnic. Baltic-Finnic"],"doi":"10.12697/jeful.2018.9.2.05","url":"https://ojs.utlib.ee/index.php/jeful/article/view/14954","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":62},{"id":"doaj_10.12697/jeful.2017.8.2.00","title":"Foreword","authors":[{"name":"Liina Lindström"},{"name":"Tuomas Huumo"}],"abstract":"Foreword","source":"DOAJ","year":2017,"language":"","subjects":["Philology. Linguistics","Finnic. Baltic-Finnic"],"doi":"10.12697/jeful.2017.8.2.00","url":"https://ojs.utlib.ee/index.php/jeful/article/view/15001","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":61},{"id":"doaj_10.30563/turklad.362305","title":"A MAN OF THE REPUBLIC","authors":[{"name":"Asif RÜSTEMLİ"},{"name":"Süleyman Kaan YALÇIN"}],"abstract":"This study aims to present the works and the world of thought of Şirmemmed\r\nAğamemmed Oğlu Hüseynov, one of the significant men of thought in Azerbaijan, who played\r\na role in Azerbaijan’s attaining its independence and in the development of Azerbaijan\r\nliterature.","source":"DOAJ","year":2017,"language":"","subjects":["Language and Literature","Ural-Altaic languages"],"doi":"10.30563/turklad.362305","url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/386589","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":61},{"id":"ss_9050da03a3123fd3b39bba9d3c3cc911569420ce","title":"Chuvash Syntactic Nominalizers. On *-ki and its Counterparts in Ural-Altaic Languages","authors":null,"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2016,"language":"en","subjects":null,"url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9050da03a3123fd3b39bba9d3c3cc911569420ce","is_open_access":true,"citations":1,"published_at":"","score":60.03},{"id":"doaj_10.12697/jeful.2016.7.1.08","title":"Research into Livonian syntax: the results of previous studies and the tasks ahead","authors":[{"name":"Miina Norvik"}],"abstract":"The objective of this article is to present the main findings of research into Livonian syntax. As is typical of the Finnic languages other than Estonian and Finnish, in the past, syntax-related issues have received little attention. For instance, the only scientific grammar of Livonian, which was written in German and published in the 19th century, remains the most comprehensive overview of Livonian syntax. In recent times, however, interest in syntax-related issues has grown and there are several separate studies on specific issues of Livonian syntax. Furthermore, a contemporary Livonian reference grammar will be published in a few years and it will also contain a chapter on syntax. The present article is meant to give a research overview of the main topics discussed previously and point out the main challenges for future research.\n\nKokkuvõte. Miina Norvik: Liivi keele süntaksi uurimine: varasemad tulemused ning eesseisvad ülesanded. Artikli eesmärgiks on esitleda peamisi liivi keele süntaksi uurimisel saadud tulemusi esimese teadusliku grammatika ilmumisest 1861. aastal kuni tänapäevani ning selgitada uue grammatika kirjutamisega seotud ülesandeid. Kuigi liivi keele süntaksi uurimine on hoogus tunud alles viimastel aastakümnetel, on süntaksi põhiküsimusi varemalt käsitletud vähemalt põgusalt. On nii teemasid, mis on alles hiljuti tähelepanu keskmesse tõusnud (nt tuleviku, modaalsuse, eituse väljendamine), kuid on ka teemasid, mida on viimati käsitletud üle 150 aasta tagasi (nt sõnajärg) või mida pole üldse uuritud (nt osaöeldistäide, sõnajärg kõrvallauses). Peamiste eesseisvate ülesannetena nähaksegi varasemate uurimistulemuste koondamist uude grammatikasse; vajadusel nende ühtlustamist ja kontrollimist, kuna uurimused on kirjutatud eri aegadel ning traditsioonis; ning varasemas uurimuses esinevate lünkade täitmist.\n\nMärksõnad: liivi keel, süntaks, grammatika, predikaat, nominaalsed argumendid, lausetüübid\n\nKubbõvõttõks. Miina Norvik: Līvõ kīel sintaks tuņšlimi: jedlõmizt rezultātõd ja tulbizt ilzandõkst. Kēra võttõksõks um līvõ kīel sintaks tuņšlimiz pǟmizt rezultātõd klīerimi ežmiz tieudliz grammatik ulzõ āndamizõst 1861. āigastõn tämpiz sǭņõ ja seļțõ tulbiži ilzandõkši ūd grammatik kēratimiz pierāst. Koks kil līvõ kīel sintaks tuņšlimi um võttõn jūontõ set perrizt āigastkimmõd āigal, sintaks pūojkizzimiži um vaņțõltõd jõvā vaŗīmõld, amā veitõm lītõld. Nei ātõ tematõd, mis ātõ perīst kõrdõ vaņțõltõd jemīņ ku 150 āigastõ tāgižpēḑõn (ngț. sõnākȭrda) agā ka seļļizt, mis äb ūotõ vaņțõltõd. Nei siz pǟmizt tulbizt ilzandõd ātõ vaŗīmõd tuņšlimiz rezultātõd kubtimi ūd grammatik pierāst, nänt lebbõ vaņțlimi, ītiztimi ja vaŗīmiz tuņšlimiz ōkõd tǟtami.","source":"DOAJ","year":2016,"language":"","subjects":["Philology. Linguistics","Finnic. Baltic-Finnic"],"doi":"10.12697/jeful.2016.7.1.08","url":"https://ojs.utlib.ee/index.php/jeful/article/view/15022","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":60}],"total":220221,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["CrossRef","DOAJ","Semantic Scholar"],"query":"Ural-Altaic languages"}