{"results":[{"id":"ss_904179c40b4e0ccbb5eaad79baf244050a6aae0b","title":"Cancer statistics, 2025","authors":[{"name":"R. Siegel"},{"name":"Tyler B Kratzer"},{"name":"Angela N Giaquinto"},{"name":"Hyuna Sung"},{"name":"A. Jemal"}],"abstract":"Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population‐based cancer occurrence and outcomes using incidence data collected by central cancer registries (through 2021) and mortality data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics (through 2022). In 2025, 2,041,910 new cancer cases and 618,120 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. The cancer mortality rate continued to decline through 2022, averting nearly 4.5 million deaths since 1991 because of smoking reductions, earlier detection for some cancers, and improved treatment. Yet alarming disparities persist; Native American people bear the highest cancer mortality, including rates that are two to three times those in White people for kidney, liver, stomach, and cervical cancers. Similarly, Black people have two‐fold higher mortality than White people for prostate, stomach, and uterine corpus cancers. Overall cancer incidence has generally declined in men but has risen in women, narrowing the male‐to‐female rate ratio (RR) from a peak of 1.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.57–1.61) in 1992 to 1.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.12–1.12) in 2021. However, rates in women aged 50–64 years have already surpassed those in men (832.5 vs. 830.6 per 100,000), and younger women (younger than 50 years) have an 82% higher incidence rate than their male counterparts (141.1 vs. 77.4 per 100,000), up from 51% in 2002. Notably, lung cancer incidence in women surpassed that in men among people younger than 65 years in 2021 (15.7 vs. 15.4 per 100,000; RR, 0.98, p = 0.03). In summary, cancer mortality continues to decline, but future gains are threatened by rampant racial inequalities and a growing burden of disease in middle‐aged and young adults, especially women. Continued progress will require investment in cancer prevention and access to equitable treatment, especially for Native American and Black individuals.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.3322/caac.21871","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/904179c40b4e0ccbb5eaad79baf244050a6aae0b","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21871","is_open_access":true,"citations":2826,"published_at":"","score":99},{"id":"ss_edd3d3da27e09dd36e919e0b3f7057da31fc963c","title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","authors":[{"name":"F. Bray"},{"name":"M. Laversanne"},{"name":"Hyuna Sung"},{"name":"J. Ferlay"},{"name":"R. Siegel"},{"name":"Isabelle Soerjomataram"},{"name":"A. Jemal"}],"abstract":"This article presents global cancer statistics by world region for the year 2022 based on updated estimates from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). There were close to 20 million new cases of cancer in the year 2022 (including nonmelanoma skin cancers [NMSCs]) alongside 9.7 million deaths from cancer (including NMSC). The estimates suggest that approximately one in five men or women develop cancer in a lifetime, whereas around one in nine men and one in 12 women die from it. Lung cancer was the most frequently diagnosed cancer in 2022, responsible for almost 2.5 million new cases, or one in eight cancers worldwide (12.4% of all cancers globally), followed by cancers of the female breast (11.6%), colorectum (9.6%), prostate (7.3%), and stomach (4.9%). Lung cancer was also the leading cause of cancer death, with an estimated 1.8 million deaths (18.7%), followed by colorectal (9.3%), liver (7.8%), female breast (6.9%), and stomach (6.8%) cancers. Breast cancer and lung cancer were the most frequent cancers in women and men, respectively (both cases and deaths). Incidence rates (including NMSC) varied from four‐fold to five‐fold across world regions, from over 500 in Australia/New Zealand (507.9 per 100,000) to under 100 in Western Africa (97.1 per 100,000) among men, and from over 400 in Australia/New Zealand (410.5 per 100,000) to close to 100 in South‐Central Asia (103.3 per 100,000) among women. The authors examine the geographic variability across 20 world regions for the 10 leading cancer types, discussing recent trends, the underlying determinants, and the prospects for global cancer prevention and control. With demographics‐based predictions indicating that the number of new cases of cancer will reach 35 million by 2050, investments in prevention, including the targeting of key risk factors for cancer (including smoking, overweight and obesity, and infection), could avert millions of future cancer diagnoses and save many lives worldwide, bringing huge economic as well as societal dividends to countries over the forthcoming decades.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.3322/caac.21834","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/edd3d3da27e09dd36e919e0b3f7057da31fc963c","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.3322/caac.21834","is_open_access":true,"citations":23137,"published_at":"","score":98},{"id":"ss_543aef9f57808495d12242bce3474fb80d01a4ad","title":"Cancer statistics, 2024","authors":[{"name":"R. Siegel"},{"name":"Angela N Giaquinto"},{"name":"A. Jemal"}],"abstract":"Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population‐based cancer occurrence and outcomes using incidence data collected by central cancer registries (through 2020) and mortality data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics (through 2021). In 2024, 2,001,140 new cancer cases and 611,720 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. Cancer mortality continued to decline through 2021, averting over 4 million deaths since 1991 because of reductions in smoking, earlier detection for some cancers, and improved treatment options in both the adjuvant and metastatic settings. However, these gains are threatened by increasing incidence for 6 of the top 10 cancers. Incidence rates increased during 2015–2019 by 0.6%–1% annually for breast, pancreas, and uterine corpus cancers and by 2%–3% annually for prostate, liver (female), kidney, and human papillomavirus‐associated oral cancers and for melanoma. Incidence rates also increased by 1%–2% annually for cervical (ages 30–44 years) and colorectal cancers (ages \u003c55 years) in young adults. Colorectal cancer was the fourth‐leading cause of cancer death in both men and women younger than 50 years in the late‐1990s but is now first in men and second in women. Progress is also hampered by wide persistent cancer disparities; compared to White people, mortality rates are two‐fold higher for prostate, stomach and uterine corpus cancers in Black people and for liver, stomach, and kidney cancers in Native American people. Continued national progress will require increased investment in cancer prevention and access to equitable treatment, especially among American Indian and Alaska Native and Black individuals.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.3322/caac.21820","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/543aef9f57808495d12242bce3474fb80d01a4ad","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.3322/caac.21820","is_open_access":true,"citations":8816,"published_at":"","score":98},{"id":"ss_cb004c1bd6796118879563b226def1973c41531c","title":"Cancer statistics, 2023","authors":[{"name":"R. Siegel"},{"name":"K. Miller"},{"name":"N. S. Wagle"},{"name":"A. Jemal"}],"abstract":"Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population‐based cancer occurrence and outcomes using incidence data collected by central cancer registries and mortality data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2023, 1,958,310 new cancer cases and 609,820 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. Cancer incidence increased for prostate cancer by 3% annually from 2014 through 2019 after two decades of decline, translating to an additional 99,000 new cases; otherwise, however, incidence trends were more favorable in men compared to women. For example, lung cancer in women decreased at one half the pace of men (1.1% vs. 2.6% annually) from 2015 through 2019, and breast and uterine corpus cancers continued to increase, as did liver cancer and melanoma, both of which stabilized in men aged 50 years and older and declined in younger men. However, a 65% drop in cervical cancer incidence during 2012 through 2019 among women in their early 20s, the first cohort to receive the human papillomavirus vaccine, foreshadows steep reductions in the burden of human papillomavirus‐associated cancers, the majority of which occur in women. Despite the pandemic, and in contrast with other leading causes of death, the cancer death rate continued to decline from 2019 to 2020 (by 1.5%), contributing to a 33% overall reduction since 1991 and an estimated 3.8 million deaths averted. This progress increasingly reflects advances in treatment, which are particularly evident in the rapid declines in mortality (approximately 2% annually during 2016 through 2020) for leukemia, melanoma, and kidney cancer, despite stable/increasing incidence, and accelerated declines for lung cancer. In summary, although cancer mortality rates continue to decline, future progress may be attenuated by rising incidence for breast, prostate, and uterine corpus cancers, which also happen to have the largest racial disparities in mortality.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2023,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.3322/caac.21763","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cb004c1bd6796118879563b226def1973c41531c","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.3322/caac.21763","is_open_access":true,"citations":14044,"published_at":"","score":97},{"id":"ss_53b9b242f8cb2007e8e3dd9db5cd11b88fa6c4a7","title":"Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences","authors":[{"name":"Donald Bren"},{"name":"E. Tchetgen"}],"abstract":"diabetes statistics cdc ��glucagon megaroll.infoCorn oil, but not cocaine, is a more effective reinforcer Data Analysis of Students Marks with Descriptive StatisticsFriedman test WikipediaDownload Free any eBook PDF, Epub, Tuebl and MobiStatistics (STAT) \u003c University of PennsylvaniaErik Sudderth Donald Bren School of Information and Bootstrapping (statistics) WikipediaRunze Li's Homepage Pennsylvania State UniversityCausal inference in statistics: An overviewFind a Doctor | Clinicians, Researchers \u0026 Nurses ETDAUndergraduate Course Descriptions Statistics DepartmentComputation of different effect sizes like d, f, r and Biography and Activities | Susan HolmesFaculty | Department of StatisticsNonparametric Method Definition InvestopediaStatistics Final Exam Flashcards | QuizletTest di Kruskal-Wallis WikipediaDepartment of Statistics and Data Science \u003c Carnegie The use of statistics in social sciences | Emerald InsightBehavioral Genetics Psychology Oxford BibliographiesInterpreting statistics Introduction to statistics G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program Lifetime Data Analysis | Home SpringerWilcoxon Test Definition InvestopediaGraphPad Prism 9 Statistics Guide Interpreting results Log In BACBNonparametric Tests Boston UniversityTopic #1: Introduction to measurement and statisticsStatistics Assignment Help | Statistics Homework HelpStatistics (STAT) | Iowa State University CatalogEric J. Tchetgen Tchetgen – Department of Statistics and Journals American Statistical AssociationWhat is the rationale behind the magic number 30 in","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.4135/9781412961288.n273","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/53b9b242f8cb2007e8e3dd9db5cd11b88fa6c4a7","is_open_access":true,"citations":19766,"published_at":"","score":96},{"id":"ss_d18e93ab0e8f8514e2a7a32601849b2a8c029fcb","title":"Cancer statistics, 2022","authors":[{"name":"R. Siegel"},{"name":"K. Miller"},{"name":"Hannah E Fuchs"},{"name":"A. Jemal"}],"abstract":"Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population‐based cancer occurrence and outcomes. Incidence data (through 2018) were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data (through 2019) were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2022, 1,918,030 new cancer cases and 609,360 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States, including approximately 350 deaths per day from lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer death. Incidence during 2014 through 2018 continued a slow increase for female breast cancer (by 0.5% annually) and remained stable for prostate cancer, despite a 4% to 6% annual increase for advanced disease since 2011. Consequently, the proportion of prostate cancer diagnosed at a distant stage increased from 3.9% to 8.2% over the past decade. In contrast, lung cancer incidence continued to decline steeply for advanced disease while rates for localized‐stage increased suddenly by 4.5% annually, contributing to gains both in the proportion of localized‐stage diagnoses (from 17% in 2004 to 28% in 2018) and 3‐year relative survival (from 21% to 31%). Mortality patterns reflect incidence trends, with declines accelerating for lung cancer, slowing for breast cancer, and stabilizing for prostate cancer. In summary, progress has stagnated for breast and prostate cancers but strengthened for lung cancer, coinciding with changes in medical practice related to cancer screening and/or treatment. More targeted cancer control interventions and investment in improved early detection and treatment would facilitate reductions in cancer mortality.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.3322/caac.21708","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d18e93ab0e8f8514e2a7a32601849b2a8c029fcb","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.3322/caac.21708","is_open_access":true,"citations":14467,"published_at":"","score":96},{"id":"ss_474f691172792ba6b47c8a3010b7b6db8a4c9a48","title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","authors":[{"name":"H. Sung"},{"name":"J. Ferlay"},{"name":"R. Siegel"},{"name":"M. Laversanne"},{"name":"I. Soerjomataram"},{"name":"A. Jemal"},{"name":"F. Bray"}],"abstract":"This article provides an update on the global cancer burden using the GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Worldwide, an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases (18.1 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and almost 10.0 million cancer deaths (9.9 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) occurred in 2020. Female breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases (11.7%), followed by lung (11.4%), colorectal (10.0 %), prostate (7.3%), and stomach (5.6%) cancers. Lung cancer remained the leading cause of cancer death, with an estimated 1.8 million deaths (18%), followed by colorectal (9.4%), liver (8.3%), stomach (7.7%), and female breast (6.9%) cancers. Overall incidence was from 2‐fold to 3‐fold higher in transitioned versus transitioning countries for both sexes, whereas mortality varied \u003c2‐fold for men and little for women. Death rates for female breast and cervical cancers, however, were considerably higher in transitioning versus transitioned countries (15.0 vs 12.8 per 100,000 and 12.4 vs 5.2 per 100,000, respectively). The global cancer burden is expected to be 28.4 million cases in 2040, a 47% rise from 2020, with a larger increase in transitioning (64% to 95%) versus transitioned (32% to 56%) countries due to demographic changes, although this may be further exacerbated by increasing risk factors associated with globalization and a growing economy. Efforts to build a sustainable infrastructure for the dissemination of cancer prevention measures and provision of cancer care in transitioning countries is critical for global cancer control.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.3322/caac.21660","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/474f691172792ba6b47c8a3010b7b6db8a4c9a48","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.3322/caac.21660","is_open_access":true,"citations":91150,"published_at":"","score":95},{"id":"ss_d82b8ab44b65b003e67775160f601eda3a0c8fb4","title":"Cancer Statistics, 2021","authors":[{"name":"R. Siegel"},{"name":"K. Miller"},{"name":"Hannah E Fuchs"},{"name":"A. Jemal"}],"abstract":"Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population‐based cancer occurrence. Incidence data (through 2017) were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data (through 2018) were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2021, 1,898,160 new cancer cases and 608,570 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. After increasing for most of the 20th century, the cancer death rate has fallen continuously from its peak in 1991 through 2018, for a total decline of 31%, because of reductions in smoking and improvements in early detection and treatment. This translates to 3.2 million fewer cancer deaths than would have occurred if peak rates had persisted. Long‐term declines in mortality for the 4 leading cancers have halted for prostate cancer and slowed for breast and colorectal cancers, but accelerated for lung cancer, which accounted for almost one‐half of the total mortality decline from 2014 to 2018. The pace of the annual decline in lung cancer mortality doubled from 3.1% during 2009 through 2013 to 5.5% during 2014 through 2018 in men, from 1.8% to 4.4% in women, and from 2.4% to 5% overall. This trend coincides with steady declines in incidence (2.2%‐2.3%) but rapid gains in survival specifically for nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). For example, NSCLC 2‐year relative survival increased from 34% for persons diagnosed during 2009 through 2010 to 42% during 2015 through 2016, including absolute increases of 5% to 6% for every stage of diagnosis; survival for small cell lung cancer remained at 14% to 15%. Improved treatment accelerated progress against lung cancer and drove a record drop in overall cancer mortality, despite slowing momentum for other common cancers.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.3322/caac.21654","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d82b8ab44b65b003e67775160f601eda3a0c8fb4","pdf_url":"https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.3322/caac.21654","is_open_access":true,"citations":14049,"published_at":"","score":95},{"id":"ss_cfc23cf7dd91b0f9f898189f58b649f36de3d526","title":"Cancer statistics for the year 2020: An overview","authors":[{"name":"J. Ferlay"},{"name":"M. Colombet"},{"name":"I. Soerjomataram"},{"name":"D. Parkin"},{"name":"M. Piñeros"},{"name":"A. Znaor"},{"name":"F. Bray"}],"abstract":"Our study briefly reviews the data sources and methods used in compiling the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) GLOBOCAN cancer statistics for the year 2020 and summarises the main results. National estimates were calculated based on the best available data on cancer incidence from population‐based cancer registries (PBCR) and mortality from the World Health Organization mortality database. Cancer incidence and mortality rates for 2020 by sex and age groups were estimated for 38 cancer sites and 185 countries or territories worldwide. There were an estimated 19.3 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 19.0‐19.6 million) new cases of cancer (18.1 million excluding non‐melanoma skin cancer) and almost 10.0 million (95% UI: 9.7‐10.2 million) deaths from cancer (9.9 million excluding non‐melanoma skin cancer) worldwide in 2020. The most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide were female breast cancer (2.26 million cases), lung (2.21) and prostate cancers (1.41); the most common causes of cancer death were lung (1.79 million deaths), liver (830000) and stomach cancers (769000).","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1002/ijc.33588","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cfc23cf7dd91b0f9f898189f58b649f36de3d526","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ijc.33588","is_open_access":true,"citations":4569,"published_at":"","score":95},{"id":"ss_aec744be627af70905015831fe51585df077904f","title":"Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association","authors":[{"name":"S. Virani"},{"name":"Á. Alonso"},{"name":"E. Benjamin"},{"name":"M. Bittencourt"},{"name":"C. Callaway"},{"name":"A. Carson"},{"name":"A. Chamberlain"},{"name":"Alexander R. Chang"},{"name":"Susan Cheng"},{"name":"F. Delling"},{"name":"L. Djoussé"},{"name":"M. Elkind"},{"name":"Jane F. Ferguson"},{"name":"M. Fornage"},{"name":"S. Khan"},{"name":"B. Kissela"},{"name":"K. Knutson"},{"name":"T. Kwan"},{"name":"D. Lackland"},{"name":"T. Lewis"},{"name":"J. Lichtman"},{"name":"C. Longenecker"},{"name":"M. Loop"},{"name":"P. Lutsey"},{"name":"S. Martin"},{"name":"K. Matsushita"},{"name":"A. Moran"},{"name":"M. Mussolino"},{"name":"A. Perak"},{"name":"W. Rosamond"},{"name":"Gregory A. Roth"},{"name":"Uchechukwu Sampson"},{"name":"G. Satou"},{"name":"Emily B. Schroeder"},{"name":"Svati H. Shah"},{"name":"C. Shay"},{"name":"N. Spartano"},{"name":"A. Stokes"},{"name":"D. Tirschwell"},{"name":"L. VanWagner"},{"name":"C. Tsao"}],"abstract":"Background: The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports on the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). Methods: The American Heart Association, through its Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update. The 2020 Statistical Update is the product of a full year’s worth of effort by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. This year’s edition includes data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, metrics to assess and monitor healthy diets, an enhanced focus on social determinants of health, a focus on the global burden of cardiovascular disease, and further evidence-based approaches to changing behaviors, implementation strategies, and implications of the American Heart Association’s 2020 Impact Goals. Results: Each of the 26 chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. Conclusions: The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policy makers, media professionals, clinicians, healthcare administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1161/cir.0000000000000757","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/aec744be627af70905015831fe51585df077904f","pdf_url":"https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000757","is_open_access":true,"citations":6053,"published_at":"","score":94},{"id":"ss_65c387d38580518969e5790a117915f695b77847","title":"Cancer statistics, 2020","authors":[{"name":"R. Siegel"},{"name":"K. Miller"},{"name":"A. Jemal"}],"abstract":"Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population‐based cancer occurrence. Incidence data (through 2016) were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data (through 2017) were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2020, 1,806,590 new cancer cases and 606,520 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. The cancer death rate rose until 1991, then fell continuously through 2017, resulting in an overall decline of 29% that translates into an estimated 2.9 million fewer cancer deaths than would have occurred if peak rates had persisted. This progress is driven by long‐term declines in death rates for the 4 leading cancers (lung, colorectal, breast, prostate); however, over the past decade (2008‐2017), reductions slowed for female breast and colorectal cancers, and halted for prostate cancer. In contrast, declines accelerated for lung cancer, from 3% annually during 2008 through 2013 to 5% during 2013 through 2017 in men and from 2% to almost 4% in women, spurring the largest ever single‐year drop in overall cancer mortality of 2.2% from 2016 to 2017. Yet lung cancer still caused more deaths in 2017 than breast, prostate, colorectal, and brain cancers combined. Recent mortality declines were also dramatic for melanoma of the skin in the wake of US Food and Drug Administration approval of new therapies for metastatic disease, escalating to 7% annually during 2013 through 2017 from 1% during 2006 through 2010 in men and women aged 50 to 64 years and from 2% to 3% in those aged 20 to 49 years; annual declines of 5% to 6% in individuals aged 65 years and older are particularly striking because rates in this age group were increasing prior to 2013. It is also notable that long‐term rapid increases in liver cancer mortality have attenuated in women and stabilized in men. In summary, slowing momentum for some cancers amenable to early detection is juxtaposed with notable gains for other common cancers.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.3322/caac.21590","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/65c387d38580518969e5790a117915f695b77847","pdf_url":"https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.3322/caac.21590","is_open_access":true,"citations":18144,"published_at":"","score":94},{"id":"ss_e6f53de8c8ab9cc2afdb6a75518a33a9f17f652b","title":"Colorectal cancer statistics, 2020","authors":[{"name":"R. Siegel"},{"name":"K. Miller"},{"name":"Ann Goding Sauer"},{"name":"S. Fedewa"},{"name":"L. Butterly"},{"name":"Joseph C. Anderson"},{"name":"A. Cercek"},{"name":"Robert A. Smith"},{"name":"A. Jemal"}],"abstract":"Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer death in the United States. Every 3 years, the American Cancer Society provides an update of CRC occurrence based on incidence data (available through 2016) from population‐based cancer registries and mortality data (through 2017) from the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2020, approximately 147,950 individuals will be diagnosed with CRC and 53,200 will die from the disease, including 17,930 cases and 3,640 deaths in individuals aged younger than 50 years. The incidence rate during 2012 through 2016 ranged from 30 (per 100,000 persons) in Asian/Pacific Islanders to 45.7 in blacks and 89 in Alaska Natives. Rapid declines in incidence among screening‐aged individuals during the 2000s continued during 2011 through 2016 in those aged 65 years and older (by 3.3% annually) but reversed in those aged 50 to 64 years, among whom rates increased by 1% annually. Among individuals aged younger than 50 years, the incidence rate increased by approximately 2% annually for tumors in the proximal and distal colon, as well as the rectum, driven by trends in non‐Hispanic whites. CRC death rates during 2008 through 2017 declined by 3% annually in individuals aged 65 years and older and by 0.6% annually in individuals aged 50 to 64 years while increasing by 1.3% annually in those aged younger than 50 years. Mortality declines among individuals aged 50 years and older were steepest among blacks, who also had the only decreasing trend among those aged younger than 50 years, and excluded American Indians/Alaska Natives, among whom rates remained stable. Progress against CRC can be accelerated by increasing access to guideline‐recommended screening and high‐quality treatment, particularly among Alaska Natives, and elucidating causes for rising incidence in young and middle‐aged adults.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2020,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.3322/caac.21601","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e6f53de8c8ab9cc2afdb6a75518a33a9f17f652b","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.3322/caac.21601","is_open_access":true,"citations":4157,"published_at":"","score":94},{"id":"ss_6b12ed47d5718d1e7b99ac9541aa5a0ee9bf5116","title":"Cancer statistics, 2019","authors":[{"name":"R. Siegel"},{"name":"K. Miller"},{"name":"A. Jemal"}],"abstract":"Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival. Incidence data, available through 2015, were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data, available through 2016, were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2019, 1,762,450 new cancer cases and 606,880 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. Over the past decade of data, the cancer incidence rate (2006‐2015) was stable in women and declined by approximately 2% per year in men, whereas the cancer death rate (2007‐2016) declined annually by 1.4% and 1.8%, respectively. The overall cancer death rate dropped continuously from 1991 to 2016 by a total of 27%, translating into approximately 2,629,200 fewer cancer deaths than would have been expected if death rates had remained at their peak. Although the racial gap in cancer mortality is slowly narrowing, socioeconomic inequalities are widening, with the most notable gaps for the most preventable cancers. For example, compared with the most affluent counties, mortality rates in the poorest counties were 2‐fold higher for cervical cancer and 40% higher for male lung and liver cancers during 2012‐2016. Some states are home to both the wealthiest and the poorest counties, suggesting the opportunity for more equitable dissemination of effective cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies. A broader application of existing cancer control knowledge with an emphasis on disadvantaged groups would undoubtedly accelerate progress against cancer.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2019,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.3322/caac.21551","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6b12ed47d5718d1e7b99ac9541aa5a0ee9bf5116","pdf_url":"https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.3322/caac.21551","is_open_access":true,"citations":18170,"published_at":"","score":93},{"id":"ss_8d23d6432c27843040f51dcf0191877f7a9994e9","title":"Robust Statistics","authors":[{"name":"Peter Filzmoser"}],"abstract":"In lieu of an abstract, here is the entry's first paragraph: Robust statistics are procedures that maintain nominal Type I error rates and statistical power in the presence of violations of the assumptions that underpin parametric inferential statistics. Since George Box coined the term in 1953, research on robust statistics has centered on the assumption of normality, although the violation of other parametric assumptions (e.g., homogeneity of variance) has their own implications for the accuracy of parametric procedures. This entry looks at the importance of robust statistics in educational and social science research and explains the robustness argument. It then describes robust descriptive statistics, their inferential extensions, and two common resampling procedures that are robust alternatives to classic parametric methods. Disciplines Statistics and Probability Comments This is an entry in: Frey, B. (2018). The SAGE encyclopedia of educational research, measurement, and evaluation (Vols. 1-4). Thousand Oaks,, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.: https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/ 9781506326139 © 2018 by SAGE Publications, republished with permission. Content may not be distributed, resold, repurposed, used for commercial MOOCs, nor any other commercial purposes without permission. Please contact SAGE for any further usage or questions. This article is available at Fisher Digital Publications: https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/statistics_facpub/8 1434 Robust Statistics Couch, A., \u0026 Keniston, K. (1960). Yeasayers and naysayers: Agreeing response set as a personality variable. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 60, 151-174. Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. ]., \u0026 Swann, W. B., Jr. (2003). A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 37, 504-528. Llorente, E., Warren, C. S., de Eulate, L. P., \u0026 Gleaves, D. H. (2013 ). A Spanish version of the sociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3 ): Translation and psychometric evaluation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(3 ), 240-251. doi: 10.1002/jclp.21944 Rodebaugh, T. L, Woods, C. M, Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., \u0026 Schneier, F. R. (2006). The factor structure and screening utility of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale. Psychological Assessment, 18(2), 231-237. Tay, L., \u0026 Drasgow, F. (2012). Theoretical, statistical, and substantive issues in the assessment of construct dimensionality: Accounting for the item response process. Organizational Research Methods, 15(3), 363-384. VonSonderen, E., Sanderman, R., \u0026 Coyne, J.C. (2013). Ineffectiveness of reverse wording of questionnaire items: Let's learn from cows in the rain. PloSONE, 8(7), e68967. doi:l0.1371/journal.pone.0068967 Weijters, B., Baumgartner, H., \u0026 Schillewaet, N. (2013). Reversed item bias: An integrative model. Psychological Method, 18(3), 320-334. doi:l0.1037/","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2018,"language":"en","subjects":null,"doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-386908-1.00037-9","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8d23d6432c27843040f51dcf0191877f7a9994e9","is_open_access":true,"citations":4854,"published_at":"","score":92},{"id":"ss_83ab5cf89399bca5449f4a7baf1b1b3c2e1178c7","title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","authors":[{"name":"F. Bray"},{"name":"J. Ferlay"},{"name":"I. Soerjomataram"},{"name":"R. Siegel"},{"name":"Lindsey A. Torre"},{"name":"A. Jemal"}],"abstract":"This article provides a status report on the global burden of cancer worldwide using the GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, with a focus on geographic variability across 20 world regions. There will be an estimated 18.1 million new cancer cases (17.0 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 9.6 million cancer deaths (9.5 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) in 2018. In both sexes combined, lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer (11.6% of the total cases) and the leading cause of cancer death (18.4% of the total cancer deaths), closely followed by female breast cancer (11.6%), prostate cancer (7.1%), and colorectal cancer (6.1%) for incidence and colorectal cancer (9.2%), stomach cancer (8.2%), and liver cancer (8.2%) for mortality. Lung cancer is the most frequent cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among males, followed by prostate and colorectal cancer (for incidence) and liver and stomach cancer (for mortality). Among females, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death, followed by colorectal and lung cancer (for incidence), and vice versa (for mortality); cervical cancer ranks fourth for both incidence and mortality. The most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death, however, substantially vary across countries and within each country depending on the degree of economic development and associated social and life style factors. It is noteworthy that high‐quality cancer registry data, the basis for planning and implementing evidence‐based cancer control programs, are not available in most low‐ and middle‐income countries. The Global Initiative for Cancer Registry Development is an international partnership that supports better estimation, as well as the collection and use of local data, to prioritize and evaluate national cancer control efforts. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2018;0:1‐31. © 2018 American Cancer Society","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2018,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.3322/caac.21492","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/83ab5cf89399bca5449f4a7baf1b1b3c2e1178c7","pdf_url":"https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.3322/caac.21492","is_open_access":true,"citations":73761,"published_at":"","score":92},{"id":"ss_2f4d144e090eae198017ff42e190f35a4bd209e3","title":"Cancer statistics, 2018","authors":[{"name":"R. Siegel"},{"name":"K. Miller"},{"name":"A. Jemal"}],"abstract":"Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival. Incidence data, available through 2014, were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data, available through 2015, were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2018, 1,735,350 new cancer cases and 609,640 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. Over the past decade of data, the cancer incidence rate (2005‐2014) was stable in women and declined by approximately 2% annually in men, while the cancer death rate (2006‐2015) declined by about 1.5% annually in both men and women. The combined cancer death rate dropped continuously from 1991 to 2015 by a total of 26%, translating to approximately 2,378,600 fewer cancer deaths than would have been expected if death rates had remained at their peak. Of the 10 leading causes of death, only cancer declined from 2014 to 2015. In 2015, the cancer death rate was 14% higher in non‐Hispanic blacks (NHBs) than non‐Hispanic whites (NHWs) overall (death rate ratio [DRR], 1.14; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.13‐1.15), but the racial disparity was much larger for individuals aged \u003c65 years (DRR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.29‐1.32) compared with those aged ≥65 years (DRR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.06‐1.09) and varied substantially by state. For example, the cancer death rate was lower in NHBs than NHWs in Massachusetts for all ages and in New York for individuals aged ≥65 years, whereas for those aged \u003c65 years, it was 3 times higher in NHBs in the District of Columbia (DRR, 2.89; 95% CI, 2.16‐3.91) and about 50% higher in Wisconsin (DRR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.56‐2.02), Kansas (DRR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.25‐1.81), Louisiana (DRR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.38‐1.60), Illinois (DRR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.39‐1.57), and California (DRR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.38‐1.54). Larger racial inequalities in young and middle‐aged adults probably partly reflect less access to high‐quality health care. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:7‐30. © 2018 American Cancer Society.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2018,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.3322/caac.21442","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2f4d144e090eae198017ff42e190f35a4bd209e3","pdf_url":"https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.3322/caac.21442","is_open_access":true,"citations":15629,"published_at":"","score":92},{"id":"ss_202ec453b7ca560115d24f3485c3f7bcffcf1270","title":"Discovering Statistics Using Ibm Spss Statistics","authors":[{"name":"A. Field"}],"abstract":"","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2017,"language":"en","subjects":["Computer Science"],"url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/202ec453b7ca560115d24f3485c3f7bcffcf1270","is_open_access":true,"citations":14761,"published_at":"","score":91},{"id":"ss_5e3910d2c463695c87c9e2bd1351d4580f84d681","title":"Cancer statistics, 2017","authors":[{"name":"R. Siegel"},{"name":"K. Miller"},{"name":"A. Jemal"}],"abstract":"Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival. Incidence data were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2017, 1,688,780 new cancer cases and 600,920 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. For all sites combined, the cancer incidence rate is 20% higher in men than in women, while the cancer death rate is 40% higher. However, sex disparities vary by cancer type. For example, thyroid cancer incidence rates are 3‐fold higher in women than in men (21 vs 7 per 100,000 population), despite equivalent death rates (0.5 per 100,000 population), largely reflecting sex differences in the “epidemic of diagnosis.” Over the past decade of available data, the overall cancer incidence rate (2004‐2013) was stable in women and declined by approximately 2% annually in men, while the cancer death rate (2005‐2014) declined by about 1.5% annually in both men and women. From 1991 to 2014, the overall cancer death rate dropped 25%, translating to approximately 2,143,200 fewer cancer deaths than would have been expected if death rates had remained at their peak. Although the cancer death rate was 15% higher in blacks than in whites in 2014, increasing access to care as a result of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act may expedite the narrowing racial gap; from 2010 to 2015, the proportion of blacks who were uninsured halved, from 21% to 11%, as it did for Hispanics (31% to 16%). Gains in coverage for traditionally underserved Americans will facilitate the broader application of existing cancer control knowledge across every segment of the population. CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67:7–30. © 2017 American Cancer Society.","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2017,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.3322/caac.21387","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5e3910d2c463695c87c9e2bd1351d4580f84d681","pdf_url":"https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.3322/caac.21387","is_open_access":true,"citations":14362,"published_at":"","score":91},{"id":"ss_dd632d96c8bd1ef0f00621d5e1d78a53d7d697fd","title":"Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association","authors":[{"name":"E. Benjamin"},{"name":"M. Blaha"},{"name":"Stephanie E. Chiuve"},{"name":"M. Cushman"},{"name":"Sandeep R. Das"},{"name":"R. Deo"},{"name":"S. D. de Ferranti"},{"name":"J. Floyd"},{"name":"M. Fornage"},{"name":"C. Gillespie"},{"name":"C. Isasi"},{"name":"M. Jiménez"},{"name":"L. Jordan"},{"name":"S. Judd"},{"name":"D. Lackland"},{"name":"J. Lichtman"},{"name":"L. Lisabeth"},{"name":"Simin Liu"},{"name":"C. Longenecker"},{"name":"R. Mackey"},{"name":"K. Matsushita"},{"name":"D. Mozaffarian"},{"name":"M. Mussolino"},{"name":"K. Nasir"},{"name":"R. Neumar"},{"name":"L. Palaniappan"},{"name":"D. Pandey"},{"name":"R. Thiagarajan"},{"name":"M. Reeves"},{"name":"M. Ritchey"},{"name":"C. Rodriguez"},{"name":"Gregory A. Roth"},{"name":"W. Rosamond"},{"name":"C. Sasson"},{"name":"A. Towfighi"},{"name":"C. Tsao"},{"name":"M. B. Turner"},{"name":"S. Virani"},{"name":"Jenifer H. Voeks"},{"name":"J. Willey"},{"name":"J. Wilkins"},{"name":"Jason H. Y. Wu"},{"name":"Heather M. Alger"},{"name":"Sally S. Wong"},{"name":"P. Muntner"}],"abstract":"WRITING GROUP MEMBERS Emelia J. Benjamin, MD, SCM, FAHA Michael J. Blaha, MD, MPH Stephanie E. Chiuve, ScD Mary Cushman, MD, MSc, FAHA Sandeep R. Das, MD, MPH, FAHA Rajat Deo, MD, MTR Sarah D. de Ferranti, MD, MPH James Floyd, MD, MS Myriam Fornage, PhD, FAHA Cathleen Gillespie, MS Carmen R. Isasi, MD, PhD, FAHA Monik C. Jiménez, ScD, SM Lori Chaffin Jordan, MD, PhD Suzanne E. Judd, PhD Daniel Lackland, DrPH, FAHA Judith H. Lichtman, PhD, MPH, FAHA Lynda Lisabeth, PhD, MPH, FAHA Simin Liu, MD, ScD, FAHA Chris T. Longenecker, MD Rachel H. Mackey, PhD, MPH, FAHA Kunihiro Matsushita, MD, PhD, FAHA Dariush Mozaffarian, MD, DrPH, FAHA Michael E. Mussolino, PhD, FAHA Khurram Nasir, MD, MPH, FAHA Robert W. Neumar, MD, PhD, FAHA Latha Palaniappan, MD, MS, FAHA Dilip K. Pandey, MBBS, MS, PhD, FAHA Ravi R. Thiagarajan, MD, MPH Mathew J. Reeves, PhD Matthew Ritchey, PT, DPT, OCS, MPH Carlos J. Rodriguez, MD, MPH, FAHA Gregory A. Roth, MD, MPH Wayne D. Rosamond, PhD, FAHA Comilla Sasson, MD, PhD, FAHA Amytis Towfighi, MD Connie W. Tsao, MD, MPH Melanie B. Turner, MPH Salim S. Virani, MD, PhD, FAHA Jenifer H. Voeks, PhD Joshua Z. Willey, MD, MS John T. Wilkins, MD Jason HY. Wu, MSc, PhD, FAHA Heather M. Alger, PhD Sally S. Wong, PhD, RD, CDN, FAHA Paul Muntner, PhD, MHSc On behalf of the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2017 Update","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2017,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1161/CIR.0000000000000485","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dd632d96c8bd1ef0f00621d5e1d78a53d7d697fd","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/cir.0000000000000485","is_open_access":true,"citations":7771,"published_at":"","score":91},{"id":"ss_7b2c011061ca44b47a46c64469f8462952d42245","title":"Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2016 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association","authors":[{"name":"D. Mozaffarian"},{"name":"E. Benjamin"},{"name":"A. Go"},{"name":"D. Arnett"},{"name":"M. Blaha"},{"name":"M. Cushman"},{"name":"Sandeep R. Das"},{"name":"S. D. de Ferranti"},{"name":"J. Despres"},{"name":"H. Fullerton"},{"name":"V. Howard"},{"name":"Mark D. Huffman"},{"name":"C. Isasi"},{"name":"M. Jiménez"},{"name":"S. Judd"},{"name":"B. Kissela"},{"name":"J. Lichtman"},{"name":"L. Lisabeth"},{"name":"Simin Liu"},{"name":"R. Mackey"},{"name":"D. Magid"},{"name":"Darren K Mcguire"},{"name":"E. Mohler"},{"name":"C. Moy"},{"name":"P. Muntner"},{"name":"M. Mussolino"},{"name":"K. Nasir"},{"name":"R. Neumar"},{"name":"G. Nichol"},{"name":"L. Palaniappan"},{"name":"D. Pandey"},{"name":"M. Reeves"},{"name":"C. Rodriguez"},{"name":"W. Rosamond"},{"name":"P. Sorlie"},{"name":"J. Stein"},{"name":"A. Towfighi"},{"name":"T. Turan"},{"name":"S. Virani"},{"name":"D. Woo"},{"name":"R. Yeh"},{"name":"M. B. Turner"}],"abstract":"Author(s): Writing Group Members; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Benjamin, Emelia J; Go, Alan S; Arnett, Donna K; Blaha, Michael J; Cushman, Mary; Das, Sandeep R; de Ferranti, Sarah; Despres, Jean-Pierre; Fullerton, Heather J; Howard, Virginia J; Huffman, Mark D; Isasi, Carmen R; Jimenez, Monik C; Judd, Suzanne E; Kissela, Brett M; Lichtman, Judith H; Lisabeth, Lynda D; Liu, Simin; Mackey, Rachel H; Magid, David J; McGuire, Darren K; Mohler, Emile R; Moy, Claudia S; Muntner, Paul; Mussolino, Michael E; Nasir, Khurram; Neumar, Robert W; Nichol, Graham; Palaniappan, Latha; Pandey, Dilip K; Reeves, Mathew J; Rodriguez, Carlos J; Rosamond, Wayne; Sorlie, Paul D; Stein, Joel; Towfighi, Amytis; Turan, Tanya N; Virani, Salim S; Woo, Daniel; Yeh, Robert W; Turner, Melanie B; American Heart Association Statistics Committee; Stroke Statistics Subcommittee","source":"Semantic Scholar","year":2016,"language":"en","subjects":["Medicine"],"doi":"10.1161/CIR.0000000000000350","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7b2c011061ca44b47a46c64469f8462952d42245","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/cir.0000000000000350","is_open_access":true,"citations":6730,"published_at":"","score":90}],"total":1953566,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["CrossRef","DOAJ","Semantic Scholar"],"query":"Statistics"}