{"results":[{"id":"doaj_10.1186/s12877-025-06624-y","title":"Sedative-hypnotic drug use and risk of falls and fractures in elderly patients: a cross-sectional study","authors":[{"name":"Mohammad Hossein Imani"},{"name":"Amir Hossein Imani"},{"name":"Amirhossein Saem"},{"name":"Maryam Niksolat"}],"abstract":"Abstract Background Falls are a leading cause of injury, hospitalization, and mortality among older adults. Sedative-hypnotic medications, especially benzodiazepines and Z-drugs, have been implicated as potential contributors to fall risk and fracture. This study investigated the prevalence of sedative-hypnotic drug use in elderly patients with falls and its association with fracture outcomes. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 patients aged ≥ 60 years presenting with falls to Rasool Akram Hospital, Tehran (2023–2024). Demographics, comorbidities, and medication history were extracted from medical records. Sedative-hypnotic use was recorded, and outcomes included fracture occurrence confirmed by imaging. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression. Results Among 200 patients (mean age 73 ± 8 years; 65.5% female), 55.5% sustained a fracture. Sedative-hypnotic use was identified in 15.5% (n = 31). Fracture prevalence was higher in sedative users compared to non-users (74% vs. 52%), but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.08). Benzodiazepines were the most commonly used class (15.5%). Losartan use was more frequent in fracture patients (29.7% vs. 12.4%) and showed a significant association in logistic regression (OR 3.28; 95% CI: 1.48–7.26; p = 0.003). Conclusions Sedative-hypnotic use was common among elderly patients presenting with falls; although fracture risk was higher in users, the association did not reach statistical significance, likely due to limited sample size. The observed link between losartan and fractures should be interpreted cautiously and warrants further investigation. Medication review remains a critical component of fall-prevention strategies in geriatric care.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Geriatrics"],"doi":"10.1186/s12877-025-06624-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-025-06624-y","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.1186/s12940-025-01173-8","title":"Impact of early life exposure to heat and cold on linguistic development in two-year-old children: findings from the ELFE cohort study","authors":[{"name":"Guillaume Barbalat"},{"name":"Ariane Guilbert"},{"name":"Lucie Adelaïde"},{"name":"Marie-Aline Charles"},{"name":"Ian Hough"},{"name":"Ludivine Launay"},{"name":"Itai Kloog"},{"name":"Johanna Lepeule"}],"abstract":"Abstract Background A number of negative developmental outcomes in response to extreme temperature have been documented. Yet, to our knowledge, environmental research has left the question of the effect of temperature on human neurodevelopment largely unexplored. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of ambient temperature on linguistic development at the age of 2 years-old. Methods We used data from the prospective national French birth cohort ELFE (N = 12,163) and highly-resolved exposure models with daily temporal resolution and 200 m to 1 km spatial resolution. We investigated the effect of weekly averages of overall, daytime and night-time temperature in the prenatal (first 30 weeks of gestation) and postnatal (91 weeks after birth) period on vocabulary production scores from the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (MB-CDI) at 2 years-old. Exposure-response and lag-response relationships were modeled with confounder-adjusted distributed lag non-linear models. Results Scores at the MB-CDI decreased by 3.2% (relative risk (RR) 0.968, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.939–0.998) following exposure to severe night-time heat of 15.6 °C (95th percentile) vs. 8.3 °C (median) throughout gestational weeks 14 to 19. In the postnatal period, scores at the MB-CDI decreased by 14.8% (RR 0.852; 95% CI: [0.756–0.96]) for severe overall heat of 21.9 °C (95th percentile) vs. 11.5 °C (median) throughout weeks 1 to 28. Consistent results were found for daytime and night-time heat. We observed positive effects of overall and night-time heat in the first few weeks of pregnancy. Night-time cold in the pre-natal period also resulted in improved scores at the MB-CDI. Adjusting our models for air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10 and NO2) tended to confirm these observations. Finally, there were no significant differences in temperature effects between boys and girls. Conclusion In this large cohort study, we showed a negative impact of hot temperatures during pregnancy and after birth on language acquisition. Positive associations observed in the first few weeks of pregnancy are likely the results of methodological artifacts. Positive associations with night-time cold during the prenatal period are likely truly protective, as colder temperatures may encourage staying indoors at a comfortable temperature. Policymakers should consider neurodevelopment impairments as a deleterious effect of climate change.","source":"DOAJ","year":2025,"language":"","subjects":["Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene","Public aspects of medicine"],"doi":"10.1186/s12940-025-01173-8","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-025-01173-8","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":69},{"id":"arxiv_2511.05414","title":"Envelope of truncated tubes and special domains in higher complex dimensions","authors":[{"name":"Suprokash Hazra"}],"abstract":"In this article, we introduce special domains and discuss the geometry of these domains, which includes showing that every pseudoconvex truncated tube domain is a special domain. Next, we prove a theorem for the envelope of special domains in $\\C^n ~(n\\geq 2)$. Our theorem on special domains is a generalization of a recent result by Jarnicki-Pflug on the envelope of holomorphy of truncated tube domains in $\\C^n$. We also establish a result on schlichtness in complex dimension 2, and conclude this article with two higher-dimensional generalizations of the same result by Jarnicki-Pflug mentioned above.","source":"arXiv","year":2025,"language":"en","subjects":["math.CV"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.05414","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.05414","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2025-11-07T16:43:35Z","score":69},{"id":"doaj_10.1186/s12904-024-01482-8","title":"Perception of diagnosis by family caregivers in severe brain injury patients in China","authors":[{"name":"Yifan Yan"},{"name":"Meiqi Li"},{"name":"Jitka Annen"},{"name":"Wangshan Huang"},{"name":"Tiantian Cai"},{"name":"Xueying Wang"},{"name":"Xiaohua Hu"},{"name":"Steven Laureys"},{"name":"Haibo Di"}],"abstract":"Abstract Objectives Surrogate decision-making by family caregivers for patients with severe brain injury is influenced by the availability and understanding of relevant information and expectations for future rehabilitation. We aimed to compare the consistency of family caregivers’ perceptions with clinical diagnoses and to inform their expectation of prognosis in the future. Methods The Coma Recovery Scale-Revised was used to assess the diagnosis of inpatients with severe brain injury between February 2019 and February 2020. A main family caregiver was included per patient. The family caregiver’s perception of the patient’s consciousness and expectations of future recovery were collected through questionnaires and compared consistently with the clinical diagnosis. Results The final sample included 101 main family caregivers of patients (57 UWS, unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, 37 MCS, minimally conscious state, 7 EMCS, emergence from MCS) with severe brain injury. Only 57 family caregivers correctly assessed the level of consciousness as indicated by the CRS-R, showing weak consistency (Kappa = 0.217, P = 0.002). Family caregivers’ demographic characteristics and CRS-R diagnosis influenced the consistency between perception and clinical diagnosis. Family caregivers who provided hands-on care to patients showed higher levels of consistent perception (AOR = 12.24, 95% CI = 2.06-73.00, P = 0.006). Compared to UWS, the family caregivers of MCS patients were more likely to have a correct perception (OR = 7.68, 95% CI = 1.34–44.06). Family caregivers had positive expectations for patients’ recovery in terms of both communication and returning to normal life. Conclusion Nearly half of family caregivers have inadequate understanding of their relative’s level of consciousness, and most of them report overly optimistic expectations that do not align with clinical diagnosis. Providing more medical information to family caregivers to support their surrogate decision-making process is essential.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Special situations and conditions"],"doi":"10.1186/s12904-024-01482-8","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-024-01482-8","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.32394/rpzh.2024.0295","title":"Adaptation of the scale of effects of social media on eating behavior in Hungarian university students","authors":[{"name":"Aylin Bayındır-Gümüş"},{"name":"Ebru Öztürk"},{"name":"Mihály Soós"}],"abstract":"Background. People live in a technological world, where social media is used very commonly. Social media has effects on eating behaviors, as in other aspects. For this reason, it is important to measure social media effect.\r\nObjective. This study aimed to adapt the Scale of Effects of Social Media on Eating Behaviour (SESMEB) that examines the effect of social media on eating behavior in Hungarian university students.\r\nMaterial and methods. The SESMEB was translated into the target language by taking various stages. The online questionnaire including general information, social media use, and the eighteen-item SESMEB was used to collect data. The scale was administered to the study group consisting of 213 Hungarian university students, and data from 203 of them were analyzed. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed to test construct validity, and the Cronbach alpha coefficient was calculated for the reliability of the scale in Hungarian.\r\nResults. Total correlation value was higher than 0.50 for all items of the scale. The fit indices were at an acceptable level or had a perfect fit. The t-values were significant at the level of 0.1 and ranged between 2.927 and 5.706. The Spearman–Brown coefficient was calculated at 0.894. The reliability coefficient of the scale was calculated to be 0.866. SESMEB scores were different according to spending time daily, sharing content, and using filters or Photoshop on social media (p \u003c 0.05).\r\nConclusions. Higher than 0.80 Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and other results show that Hungarian SESMEB is a valid and reliable tool. Therefore, Hungarian SESMEB will be useful for further studies to determine the impact of social media on eating behaviors.","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Nutrition. Foods and food supply","Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene","Public aspects of medicine"],"doi":"10.32394/rpzh.2024.0295","url":"http://wydawnictwa.pzh.gov.pl/roczniki_pzh/adaptation-of-the-scale-of-effects-of-social-media-on-eating-behavior-in-hungarian-university-students?lang=pl","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102686","title":"The increase in cases and deaths from malaria in the Brazilian Yanomami territory is associated with the spread of illegal gold mining in the region: A 20-year ecological study","authors":[{"name":"Paulo Ricardo Martins-Filho"},{"name":"Francy Waltília Cruz Araújo"},{"name":"Luiz Carlos Santos-Júnior"},{"name":"Bianca Marques Santiago"},{"name":"Francisco Helmer Almeida Santos"},{"name":"Analany Pereira Dias Araújo"},{"name":"Carlos Eduardo Palhares Machado"},{"name":"Shirley Verônica Melo Almeida Lima"}],"abstract":"","source":"DOAJ","year":2024,"language":"","subjects":["Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine","Infectious and parasitic diseases"],"doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102686","url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1477893923001461","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":68},{"id":"arxiv_2406.04956","title":"Expansion of situations theory for exploring shared awareness in human-intelligent autonomous systems","authors":[{"name":"Scott A. Humr"},{"name":"Mustafa Canan"},{"name":"Mustafa Demir"}],"abstract":"Intelligent autonomous systems are part of a system of systems that interact with other agents to accomplish tasks in complex environments. However, intelligent autonomous systems integrated system of systems add additional layers of complexity based on their limited cognitive processes, specifically shared situation awareness that allows a team to respond to novel tasks. Intelligent autonomous systems' lack of shared situation awareness adversely influences team effectiveness in complex task environments, such as military command-and-control. A complementary approach of shared situation awareness, called situations theory, is beneficial for understanding the relationship between system of systems shared situation awareness and effectiveness. The current study elucidates a conceptual discussion on situations theory to investigate the development of an system of systems shared situational awareness when humans team with intelligent autonomous system agents. To ground the discussion, the reviewed studies expanded situations theory within the context of a system of systems that result in three major conjectures that can be beneficial to the design and development of future systems of systems.","source":"arXiv","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.HC","cs.AI"],"doi":"10.1504/IJSSE.2025.10058953","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.04956","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2406.04956","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2024-06-07T14:21:01Z","score":68},{"id":"arxiv_2403.00548","title":"Special Joyce structures and hyperkähler metrics","authors":[{"name":"Iván Tulli"}],"abstract":"Joyce structures were introduced by T. Bridgeland in the context of the space of stability conditions of a three-dimensional Calabi-Yau category and its associated Donaldson-Thomas invariants. In subsequent work, T. Bridgeland and I. Strachan showed that Joyce structures satisfying a certain non-degeneracy condition encode a complex hyperkähler structure on the tangent bundle of the base of the Joyce structure. In this work we give a definition of an analogous structure over an affine special Kähler (ASK) manifold, which we call a special Joyce structure. Furthermore, we show that it encodes a real hyperkähler (HK) structure on the tangent bundle of the ASK manifold, possibly of indefinite signature. Particular examples include the semi-flat HK metric associated to an ASK manifold (also known as the rigid c-map metric) and the HK metrics associated to certain uncoupled variations of BPS structures over the ASK manifold. Finally, we relate the HK metrics coming from special Joyce structures to HK metrics on the total space of algebraic integrable systems.","source":"arXiv","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["math.DG","hep-th","math.AG"],"doi":"10.1007/s11005-024-01871-3","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.00548","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.00548","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2024-03-01T14:15:28Z","score":68},{"id":"arxiv_2411.17648","title":"Deformations of calibrated subbundles in noncompact manifolds of special holonomy via twisting by special sections","authors":[{"name":"Romy Marie Merkel"}],"abstract":"We study special Lagrangian submanifolds in the Calabi-Yau manifold $T^*S^n$ with the Stenzel metric, as well as calibrated submanifolds in the $\\text{G}_2$-manifold $Λ^2_-(T^*X)$ $(X^4 = S^4, \\mathbb{CP}^2)$ and the $\\text{Spin}(7)$-manifold $\\$_{\\!-}(S^4)$, both equipped with the Bryant-Salamon metrics. We twist naturally defined calibrated subbundles by sections of the complementary bundles and derive conditions for the deformations to be calibrated. We find that twisting the conormal bundle $N^*L$ of $L^q \\subset S^n$ by a $1$-form $μ\\in Ω^1(L)$ does not provide any new examples because the Lagrangian condition requires $μ$ to vanish. Furthermore, we prove that the twisted bundles in the $\\text{G}_2$- and $\\text{Spin}(7)$-manifolds are associative (coassociative) and Cayley, respectively, if the base is minimal (negative superminimal) and the section holomorphic (parallel). This demonstrates that the (co-)associative and Cayley subbundles allow deformations destroying the linear structure of the fiber, while the base space remains of the same type after twisting. While the results for the two spaces of exceptional holonomy are in line with the findings in Euclidean spaces established by Karigiannis and Leung (2012), the special Lagrangian bundle construction in $T^*S^n$ is much more rigid than in the case of $T^*\\mathbb{R}^n$.","source":"arXiv","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["math.DG"],"doi":"10.1016/j.geomphys.2025.105631","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.17648","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2411.17648","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2024-11-26T18:13:43Z","score":68},{"id":"arxiv_2412.17396","title":"Local Boundary Conditions for Dirac-type operators","authors":[{"name":"Nadine Große"},{"name":"Alejandro Uribe"},{"name":"Hanne van den Bosch"}],"abstract":"We consider Dirac-type operators on manifolds with boundary, and set out to determine all local smooth boundary conditions that give rise to (strongly) regular self-adjoint operators. By combining the general theory of boundary value problems for Dirac operators as in [BB12] and pointwise considerations, for local smooth boundary conditions the question of being self-adjoint resp. regular is fully translated into linear-algebraic language at each boundary point. We analyse these conditions and classify them in low dimensions and ranks. In particular, we classify all local self-adjoint regular boundary conditions for Dirac spinors (four spinor components) in dimensions $3$ and $4$. With the same techniques we can also treat transmission boundary conditions.","source":"arXiv","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["math-ph","math.DG"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.17396","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.17396","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2024-12-23T08:51:42Z","score":68},{"id":"arxiv_2403.16264","title":"An extended scheme of classical special functions","authors":[{"name":"Vyacheslav P. Spiridonov"}],"abstract":"A unifying scheme of classical special functions of hypergeometric type obeying orthogonality or biorthogonality relations is described. It expands the Askey scheme of classical orthogonal polynomials and its $q$-analogue based on the Askey--Wilson polynomials. On the top, it has two-index biorthogonal functions formed from elliptic hypergeometric series with the absolutely continuous measure determined by the elliptic beta integral. A new result is an inclusion of complex hypergeometric functions into the scheme. Its further potential generalizations are discussed as well.","source":"arXiv","year":2024,"language":"en","subjects":["math.CA"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.16264","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.16264","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2024-03-24T18:57:58Z","score":68},{"id":"doaj_10.26633/RPSP.2023.99","title":"The role of a genetically stable, novel oral type 2 poliovirus vaccine in the poliomyelitis endgame","authors":[{"name":"Sue Ann Costa Clemens"},{"name":"Gustavo Mendes Lima Santos"},{"name":"Isabela Gonzalez"},{"name":"Ralf Clemens"}],"abstract":"Poliovirus infection causes paralysis in up to 1 in 200 infected persons. The use of safe and effective inactivated poliovirus vaccines and live attenuated oral poliovirus vaccines (OPVs) means that only two pockets of wildtype poliovirus type 1 remain, in Afghanistan and Pakistan. However, OPVs can revert to virulence, causing outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV). During 2020–2022, cVDPV type 2 (cVDPV2) was responsible for 97–99% of poliomyelitis cases, mainly in Africa. Between January and August 2022, cVDPV2 was detected in sewage samples in Israel, the United Kingdom and the United States of America, where a case of acute flaccid paralysis caused by cVDPV2 also occurred. The Pan American Health Organization has warned that Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Haiti and Peru are at very high risk for the reintroduction of poliovirus and an additional eight countries in Latin America are at high risk, following dropping vaccination rates (average 80% coverage in 2022). Sabin type 2 monovalent OPV has been used to control VDPV2 outbreaks, but its use could also lead to outbreaks. To address this issue, a more genetically stable, novel OPV2 (nOPV2) was developed against cVDPV2 and in 2020 was granted World Health Organization Emergency Use Listing. Rolling out a novel vaccine under the Emergency Use Listing in mass settings to contain outbreaks requires unique local regulatory and operational preparedness.","source":"DOAJ","year":2023,"language":"","subjects":["Medicine","Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine","Public aspects of medicine"],"doi":"10.26633/RPSP.2023.99","url":"https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/57728","pdf_url":"https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/57728","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":67},{"id":"doaj_10.1371/journal.pntd.0010776","title":"Cryptosporidiosis outbreaks linked to the public water supply in a military camp, France.","authors":[{"name":"Stéphanie Watier-Grillot"},{"name":"Damien Costa"},{"name":"Cédric Petit"},{"name":"Romy Razakandrainibe"},{"name":"Sébastien Larréché"},{"name":"Christelle Tong"},{"name":"Gwenaëlle Demont"},{"name":"David Billetorte"},{"name":"Damien Mouly"},{"name":"Didier Fontan"},{"name":"Guillaume Velut"},{"name":"Alexandra Le Corre"},{"name":"Jean-Christophe Beauvir"},{"name":"Audrey Mérens"},{"name":"Loïc Favennec"},{"name":"Vincent Pommier de Santi"}],"abstract":"\u003ch4\u003eIntroduction\u003c/h4\u003eContaminated drinking and recreational waters account for most of the reported Cryptosporidium spp. exposures in high-income countries. In June 2017, two successive cryptosporidiosis outbreaks occurred among service members in a military training camp located in Southwest France. Several other gastroenteritis outbreaks were previously reported in this camp, all among trainees in the days following their arrival, without any causative pathogen identification. Epidemiological, microbiological and environmental investigations were carried out to explain theses outbreaks.\u003ch4\u003eMaterial and methods\u003c/h4\u003eSyndromic diagnosis using multiplex PCR was used for stool testing. Water samples (100 L) were collected at 10 points of the drinking water installations and enumeration of Cryptosporidium oocysts performed. The identification of Cryptosporidium species was performed using real-time 18S SSU rRNA PCR and confirmed by GP60 sequencing.\u003ch4\u003eResults\u003c/h4\u003eA total of 100 human cases were reported with a global attack rate of 27.8%. Cryptosporidium spp. was identified in 93% of stool samples with syndromic multiplex PCR. The entire drinking water network was contaminated with Cryptosporidium spp. The highest level of contamination was found in groundwater and in the water leaving the treatment plant, with \u003e1,000 oocysts per 100 L. The same Cryptosporidium hominis isolate subtype IbA10G2 was identified in patients' stool and water samples. Several polluting activities were identified within the protection perimeters of the water resource. An additional ultrafiltration module was installed at the outlet of the water treatment plant. After several weeks, no Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in the public water supply.\u003ch4\u003eConclusions\u003c/h4\u003eAfter successive and unexplained gastroenteritis outbreaks, this investigation confirmed a waterborne outbreak due to Cryptosporidium hominis subtype IbA10G2. Our study demonstrates the value of syndromic diagnosis for gastroenteritis outbreak investigation. Our results also highlight the importance of better assessing the microbiological risk associated with raw water and the need for sensitive and easy-to-implement tools for parasite detection.","source":"DOAJ","year":2022,"language":"","subjects":["Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine","Public aspects of medicine"],"doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0010776","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010776","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":66},{"id":"arxiv_2203.04778","title":"Special Issue on Advances in Chiral Quark Models","authors":[{"name":"Jorge Segovia"}],"abstract":"The number of exotic candidates in both light- and heavy-quark hadron sectors has increased dramatically since the discovery by the Belle Collaboration of the so-called $X(3872)$ in 2003. It is clear that the simple quark model picture needs an extension and thus the last twenty years have witnessed an explosion of related theoretical and experimental activity. The ultimate goal of theory is to describe the properties of exotic states from the first principles of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), which is the non-Abelian Quantum Field Theory that describes the strong interaction. However, since this task is quite challenging, a more modest goal to start with is the development of QCD-motivated phenomenological models that specify the colored constituents, how they are clustered, and the forces between them. This Special Issue invited contributions reporting recent advances of phenomenological quark models in the study of hadron's spectrocopy, structure, and interactions, paying special attention to the exotic candidates but without losing sight of the conventional states. In response to the call for papers, and after a comprehensive peer review process, 8 articles qualified for acceptance in the final edition of the Special Issue. The authors are from geographically distributed countries such as Spain, South Africa, Ghana, China, Brazil, Argentina. This reflects the impact of the proposed topic and the effective organization of the guest editorial team of this Special Issue.","source":"arXiv","year":2022,"language":"en","subjects":["hep-ph","hep-ex","hep-lat","nucl-ex","nucl-th"],"doi":"10.3390/sym13112046","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.04778","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.04778","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2022-03-09T14:55:03Z","score":66},{"id":"doaj_10.1186/s12940-021-00738-7","title":"Joint effects of ethnic enclave residence and ambient volatile organic compounds exposure on risk of gestational diabetes mellitus among Asian/Pacific Islander women in the United States","authors":[{"name":"Andrew D. Williams"},{"name":"Sandie Ha"},{"name":"Edmond Shenassa"},{"name":"Lynne C. Messer"},{"name":"Jenna Kanner"},{"name":"Pauline Mendola"}],"abstract":"Abstract Background Asian/Pacific Islander (API) communities in the United States often reside in metropolitan areas with distinct social and environmental attributes. Residence in an ethnic enclave, a socially distinct area, is associated with lower gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk, yet exposure to high levels of air pollution, including volatile organic compounds (VOCS), is associated with increased GDM risk. We examined the joint effects of ethnic enclaves and VOCs to better understand GDM risk among API women, the group with the highest prevalence of GDM. Methods We examined 9069 API births in the Consortium on Safe Labor (19 hospitals, 2002–2008). API ethnic enclaves were defined as areas ≥66th percentile for percent API residents, dissimilarity (geographic dispersal of API and White residents), and isolation (degree that API individuals interact with another API individual). High levels of 14 volatile organic compounds (VOC) were defined as ≥75th percentile. Four joint categories were created for each VOC: Low VOC/Enclave (reference group), Low VOC/No Enclave, High VOC/Enclave, High VOC/No Enclave. GDM was reported in medical records. Hierarchical logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) between joint exposures and GDM, adjusted for maternal factors and area-level poverty. Risk was estimated for 3-months preconception and first trimester exposures. Results Enclave residence was associated with lower GDM risk regardless of VOC exposure. Preconception benzene exposure was associated with increased risk when women resided outside enclaves [High VOC/No Enclave (OR:3.45, 95%CI:1.77,6.72)], and the effect was somewhat mitigated within enclaves, [High VOC/Enclave (OR:2.07, 95%:1.09,3.94)]. Risks were similar for 12 of 14 VOCs during preconception and 10 of 14 during the first trimester. Conclusions API residence in non-enclave areas is associated with higher GDM risk, regardless of VOC level. Ethnic enclave residence may mitigate effects of VOC exposure, perhaps due to lower stress levels. The potential benefit of ethnic enclaves warrants further study.","source":"DOAJ","year":2021,"language":"","subjects":["Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene","Public aspects of medicine"],"doi":"10.1186/s12940-021-00738-7","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00738-7","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":65},{"id":"arxiv_2109.01552","title":"Situated Conditional Reasoning","authors":[{"name":"Giovanni Casini"},{"name":"Thomas Meyer"},{"name":"Ivan Varzinczak"}],"abstract":"Conditionals are useful for modelling, but are not always sufficiently expressive for capturing information accurately. In this paper we make the case for a form of conditional that is situation-based. These conditionals are more expressive than classical conditionals, are general enough to be used in several application domains, and are able to distinguish, for example, between expectations and counterfactuals. Formally, they are shown to generalise the conditional setting in the style of Kraus, Lehmann, and Magidor. We show that situation-based conditionals can be described in terms of a set of rationality postulates. We then propose an intuitive semantics for these conditionals, and present a representation result which shows that our semantic construction corresponds exactly to the description in terms of postulates. With the semantics in place, we proceed to define a form of entailment for situated conditional knowledge bases, which we refer to as minimal closure. It is reminiscent of and, indeed, inspired by, the version of entailment for propositional conditional knowledge bases known as rational closure. Finally, we proceed to show that it is possible to reduce the computation of minimal closure to a series of propositional entailment and satisfiability checks. While this is also the case for rational closure, it is somewhat surprising that the result carries over to minimal closure.","source":"arXiv","year":2021,"language":"en","subjects":["cs.AI","cs.LO"],"doi":"10.1016/j.artint.2023.103917","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.01552","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.01552","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"2021-09-03T14:23:18Z","score":65},{"id":"doaj_10.1186/s13031-020-00306-9","title":"Systematic human rights violations, traumatic events, daily stressors and mental health of Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh","authors":[{"name":"Andrew Riley"},{"name":"Yasmin Akther"},{"name":"Mohammed Noor"},{"name":"Rahmat Ali"},{"name":"Courtney Welton-Mitchell"}],"abstract":"Abstract Background Almost 900,000 Rohingya refugees currently reside in refugee camps in Southeastern Bangladesh. Prior to fleeing Myanmar, Rohingya experienced years of systematic human rights violations, in addition to other historical and more recent traumatic events such as the burning of their villages and murder of family members, friends and neighbors. Currently, many Rohingya struggle to meet basic needs in refugee camps in Bangladesh and face mental health-related concerns that appear linked to such challenges. The purpose of this study is to describe systematic human rights violations, traumatic events, daily stressors, and mental health symptoms and to examine relationships between these factors. Methods Cross-sectional data was collected from a representative sample of 495 Rohingya refugee adults residing in camps in Bangladesh in July and August of 2018. Results Respondents reported high levels of systematic human rights violations in Myanmar, including restrictions related to expressing thoughts, meeting in groups, travel, religious practices, education, marriage, childbirth, healthcare, and more. Events experienced in Myanmar included exposure to gunfire (99%), destruction of their homes (93%), witnessing dead bodies (92%), torture (56%), forced labor (49%), sexual assault (33%), and other events. More than half (61%) of participants endorsed mental health symptom levels typically indicative of PTSD, and more than two thirds (84%) endorsed levels indicative of emotional distress (symptoms of anxiety and depression). Historic systematic human rights violations, traumatic events, and daily stressors were associated with symptoms of posttraumatic stress, as well as depression and anxiety. Respondents reported numerous stressors associated with current life in the camps in Bangladesh as well as previous stressors, such as harassment, encountered in Myanmar. Conclusions Findings underscore the impact of systematic human rights violations, targeted violence, and daily stressors on the mental health of Rohingya in Bangladesh. Those working with Rohingya should consider the role of such factors in contributing to poor mental health. This research has the potential to inform interventions targeting such elements. Future research should examine the relationships between mental health and human rights violations over time.","source":"DOAJ","year":2020,"language":"","subjects":["Special situations and conditions","Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid"],"doi":"10.1186/s13031-020-00306-9","url":"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13031-020-00306-9","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":64},{"id":"doaj_10.1186/s13102-020-00206-8","title":"Thai version of the foot function index: a cross-cultural adaptation with reliability and validity evaluation","authors":[{"name":"Sunee Bovonsunthonchai"},{"name":"Suthasinee Thong-On"},{"name":"Roongtiwa Vachalathiti"},{"name":"Warinda Intiravoranont"},{"name":"Sarawut Suwannarat"},{"name":"Richard Smith"}],"abstract":"Abstract Background The study aimed to translate the foot function index (FFI) questionnaire to Thai and to determine psychometric properties of the questionnaire among individuals with plantar foot complaints. Methods The Thai version of the FFI (FFI-Th) was adapted according to a forward and backward translation protocol by two independent translators and analyzed by a linguist and a committee. The FFI-Th was administered among 49 individuals with plantar foot complaints to determine internal consistency, reliability, and validity. Cronbach’s alpha and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC3,1) were used to test the internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The Principal Component Analysis with varimax rotation method was used to test the factor structure and construct validity. Furthermore, the criterion validity was tested using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (rp) between the FFI-Th and the visual analogue pain scale (pain-VAS) as well as the EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L). Results The FFI-Th showed good to excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability in the total score, pain, disability, and activity limitation subscales. The Principal Component Analysis produced 4 principal factors from the FFI-Th items. Criterion validity of the FFI-Th total score showed moderate to strong correlations with pain-VAS and EQ-5D-5L, and EQ-VAS scores. Conclusion The FFI-Th was a reliable and valid questionnaire to assess the foot function in a Thai population. Trial registration NCT03161314 (08/05/2017).","source":"DOAJ","year":2020,"language":"","subjects":["Sports medicine"],"doi":"10.1186/s13102-020-00206-8","url":"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13102-020-00206-8","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":64},{"id":"doaj_10.25035/jsmahs.04.03.05","title":"Current Athletic Training Educational Preparation for Dry Needling","authors":[{"name":"Brian V. Hortz"},{"name":"Sue Falsone"},{"name":"Duncan Tulimieri"}],"abstract":"Purpose: Dry needling is an advanced practice skill that many athletic trainers are being trained to perform. The purpose of this study is to determine the degree to which the current athletic training educational competencies and standards prepare practitioners for the performance of dry needling tasks. Methods: An expert panel review was used to verify which of the dry needling tasks are currently taught through entry-level athletic education as defined by the 5th edition competencies and 2020 standards. Results: Results demonstrated that 11% of the tasks were dry needling specific and these were regarded as not provided through entry-level education. However, 89% of the tasks were provided through entry-level education. Conclusions: It is clear that current athletic training education adequately prepares an athletic trainer to learn dry needling as an advance practice skill as a large number of the Competencies for Dry Needling are taught within athletic training entry-level education.","source":"DOAJ","year":2019,"language":"","subjects":["Medicine","Sports medicine"],"doi":"10.25035/jsmahs.04.03.05","url":"https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/jsmahs/vol4/iss3/5/","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":63},{"id":"doaj_10.4103/jhnps.jhnps_19_18","title":"Squamous cell carcinoma of gingivobuccal complex: Literature, evidences and practice","authors":[{"name":"Dushyant S Mandlik"},{"name":"Suraj S Nair"},{"name":"Kaustubh D Patel"},{"name":"Karan Gupta"},{"name":"Purvi Patel"},{"name":"Parin Patel"},{"name":"Nitin Sharma"},{"name":"Aditya Joshipura"},{"name":"Mitesh Patel"}],"abstract":"Gingivobuccal cancer (GBC) is the most common oral cavity cancer (OCC). Its incidence is increasing with increased use of tobacco and areca nut chewing in third world countries especially the Indian subcontinent. It comprises buccal mucosa, gingivobuccal sulcus, alveolus and retromolar area cancers. OCCs comprise 12% of all male cancers in India, 40% of these are GBCs. Certain precancerous conditions and lesions such as submucous fibrosis, leukoplakia and erythroplakia are known. In special situations such as trismus, examination and early detection becomes difficult. Computed tomography scan is an investigation of choice. Tumor node metastasis staging gives adequate information for treatment selection and prognosis. Surgery remains the mainstay of curative treatment. Due to its unique proximity to mandible and posteriorly infratemporal fossa, extent of surgery remains critical to provide cure with satisfactory functional and esthetic outcomes. Marginal mandibulectomy has consistently provided these results in carefully selected patients. More advanced cancers need segmental or hemimandibulectomy and appropriate reconstruction-preferably free microvascular bone and soft-tissue transfer. Radiotherapy is used in adjuvant setting to reduce locoregional recurrences. It can also be used as palliative modality in advance cases. The role of chemotherapy is investigational; however, criteria have been defined for its use concurrent with radiation in adjuvant postoperative settings in high-risk patients. Cure rates are as high as 85% in early stages and as low as 0%–20% in advance stages. Follow-up strategy is aimed at detection of locoregional failure initially and prevention and management of second cancers.","source":"DOAJ","year":2018,"language":"","subjects":["Surgery","Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens"],"doi":"10.4103/jhnps.jhnps_19_18","url":"http://www.jhnps.org/article.asp?issn=2347-8128;year=2018;volume=6;issue=1;spage=18;epage=28;aulast=Mandlik","is_open_access":true,"published_at":"","score":62}],"total":116408,"page":1,"page_size":20,"sources":["DOAJ","arXiv"],"query":"Special situations and conditions"}